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International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation... (Review)
Review
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. It has been proposed that prostate chronic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of both BPH and PCa. However, potential stimuli that cause or maintain inflammation in the prostate gland are still poorly characterized. Bacterial infections seems to be one of the potential sources of prostatitis. Recent studies show that is the most prevalent microorganism in the prostate gland and may be a predisposing factor for inflammation of prostatic tissue. It indicates that may contribute to cancer development by enhancing proinflammatory responses, as well as by modifying the prostate extracellular environment. In this review, we discuss the potential role of in the development of BPH and PCa and highlight the importance of regulatory T CD4(+)FoxP3(+) (Treg) and Th17 cells in response to infection in the context of both prostate diseases.
Topics: Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 36012113
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168849 -
Glycobiology Mar 2022Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other...
Propionibacterium acnes, though generally considered part of the normal flora of human skin, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with acne vulgaris as well as other diseases, including endocarditis, endophthalmitis and prosthetic joint infections. Its virulence potential is also supported by knowledge gained from its sequenced genome. Indeed, a vaccine targeting a putative cell wall-anchored P. acnes sialidase has been shown to suppress cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release induced by the organism, and is proposed as an alternative treatment for P. acnes-associated diseases. Here, we report the crystal structures of the surface sialidase and its complex with the transition-state mimic Neu5Ac2en. Our structural and kinetic analyses, together with insight from a glycan array screen, which probes subtle specificities of the sialidase for α-2,3-sialosides, provide a basis for the structure-based design of novel small-molecule therapeutics against P. acnes infections.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Neuraminidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 34792586
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab094 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021, newly reclassified as , is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium causing acne, found mainly on the skin. In addition, is responsible for inflammation of the gums...
, newly reclassified as , is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium causing acne, found mainly on the skin. In addition, is responsible for inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and blood vessels, consequently leading to various diseases in the human body. In recent years, the evolution of microorganisms, such as that have become resistant to many commercial antibiotics due to the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases has emerged as a major clinical problem. We here analyzed the potential use of 37 medicinal plant extracts as plausible candidates for treating , in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidants scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Consequently, methanol extracts from 14 medicinal plants showed promising antimicrobial activities against . . In particular, as the extracts from F. and L. exhibited distinct antimicrobial activities in both the broth dilution and disc diffusion assay, they could be effectively used as active ingredients for preventing or treating inflammatory periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis.
PubMed: 34572674
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091092 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the...
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the exploitation of phage endolysins. In the present study, a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine type-2 amidase (NALAA-2, EC 3.5.1.28) from bacteriophage PAC1 was characterized. The enzyme (Ami1) was cloned into a T7 expression vector and expressed in BL21 cells. Kinetics analysis using turbidity reduction assays allowed the determination of the optimal conditions for lytic activity against a range of Gram-positive and negative human pathogens. The peptidoglycan degradation activity of Ami1 was confirmed using isolated peptidoglycan from . The antibacterial activity of Ami1 was investigated using live cells growing on agar plates. Two engineered variants of Ami1 were designed by fusion to its N-terminus two short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). One AMP was selected by searching the genomes of bacteriophages using bioinformatics tools, whereas the other AMP sequence was selected from the antimicrobial peptide databases. Both engineered variants exhibited improved lytic activity towards and the enterococci species and . The results of the present study suggest that Ami1 is a new antimicrobial agent and provide proof of concept that bacteriophage genomes are a rich source of AMP sequences that can be further exploited for designing novel or improved endolysins.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Peptidoglycan; Escherichia coli; Endopeptidases; Siphoviridae; Bacteriophages; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37239874
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108523 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2022The clinical significance and treatment recommendations for an unexpected positive Cutibacterium acnes (C acnes) culture remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to...
INTRODUCTION
The clinical significance and treatment recommendations for an unexpected positive Cutibacterium acnes (C acnes) culture remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a C acnes positive culture in patients undergoing open orthopaedic surgery.
METHODS
Patients with a minimum of one positive C acnes intraoperative culture were retrospectively reviewed over a 7-year period. True C acnes infection was defined as culture isolation from ≥1 specimens in the presence of clinical or laboratory indicators of infection.
RESULTS
Forty-eight patients had a positive intraoperative C acnes culture. 4.2% had a C acnes monoinfection, and 12.5% of the patients had a coinfection. The remainder was classified as indeterminate. Significant differences were identified between the indeterminate and true C acnes infection groups, specifically in patients with surgery history at the surgical site (P = 0.04), additional antibiotic therapy before surgery (P < 0 .001), and postoperative clinical signs of infection (P < 0 .001).
DISCUSSION
Suspicion for true C acnes infection should be raised in patients with surgery site history, antibiotic therapy before surgery, and clinical infectious signs. The indeterminate unexpected positive culture patients had a low risk of developing a true clinical infection that required antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Propionibacterium acnes; Retrospective Studies; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 35797606
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00010 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2017Acne vulgaris is one of the most commonly seen conditions and the immunological link is a topic of active research. Recently, the Th17 pathway has been found to play a...
Acne vulgaris is one of the most commonly seen conditions and the immunological link is a topic of active research. Recently, the Th17 pathway has been found to play a pivotal role in acne. The adaptive immune response toward leads to activation of Th17 axis. Consequently, the Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-1 β, IL-6, and tumor growth factor, in turn, activate the various pathogenic steps in acne. Drugs such as Vitamin D3 and isotretinoin which target the Th17 pathway may offer an additional pathway for their therapeutic response.
PubMed: 28794550
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_483_16 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jan 2024Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease...
Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease acne vulgaris. To understand how some strain types might contribute to skin inflammation, we generated a repository of C. acnes isolates from skin swabs of healthy subjects and subjects with acne and assessed their strain-level identity and capacity to stimulate cytokine release. Phylotype II K-type strains were more frequent on healthy and nonlesional skin of subjects with acne than those isolated from lesions. Phylotype IA-1 C-type strains were increased on lesional skin compared with those on healthy skin. The capacity to induce cytokines from cultured monocyte-derived dendritic cells was opposite to this action on sebocytes and keratinocytes and did not correlate with the strain types associated with the disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a linear plasmid in high-inflammatory isolates within similar strain types that had different proinflammatory responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse skin after intradermal injection showed that strains containing this plasmid induced a higher inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. These findings revealed that C. acnes strain type is insufficient to predict inflammation and that carriage of a plasmid could contribute to disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Dermatitis; Propionibacterium acnes; Plasmids; Inflammation; Cytokines
PubMed: 37478901
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.029 -
PloS One 2022The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in...
BACKGROUND
The contribution of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and the antibiotic therapy has evoked several controversies in recent years. While some microbiology studies report bacterial disc infection within IDD patients, others attribute the positive results to contamination during prolonged cultures. In addition to the clinical controversy, little was known about the mechanism of C. acnes-caused Modic changes (MCs) if C. acnes was the pathogenic factor.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanism of MCs induced by different phylotypes of C. acnes in patients with IDD.
METHODS
Specimens from sixty patients undergoing microdiscectomy for disc herniation were included, C. acnes were identified by anaerobic culture, followed by biochemical and PCR-based methods. The identified species of C. acnes were respectively inoculated into the intervertebral discs of rabbits. MRI and histological change were observed. Additionally, we detected MMP expression in the rabbit model using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
RESULTS
Of the 60 cases, 18 (30%) specimens were positive for C. acnes, and we identified 4 of 6 defined phylogroups: IA, IB, II and III. The rabbits that received Type IB or II strains of C. acnes showed significantly decreased T1WI and higher T2WI at eighth weeks, while strain III C. acnes resulted in hypointense signals on both T1WI and T2WI. Histological examination results showed that all of the three types of C. acnes could cause disc degeneration and endplates rupture. Moreover, endplate degeneration induced by type IB or II strains of C. acnes is related with MMP13 expression. Meanwhile, strain III C. acnes might upregulated the level of MMP3.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that C. acnes is widespread in herniated disc tissues. Different types of C. acnes could induce different MCs by increasing MMP expression.
Topics: Animals; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Intervertebral Disc; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Propionibacterium acnes; Rabbits
PubMed: 35819943
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270982 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse...
BACKGROUND
Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected in AD subjects' brains, research has focused on individual pathogens and only a few studies investigated the hypothesis of a bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled the bacterial communities present in non-demented controls and AD subjects' brains.
RESULTS
We obtained postmortem samples from the brains of 32 individual subjects, comprising 16 AD and 16 control age-matched subjects with a total of 130 samples from the frontal and temporal lobes and the entorhinal cortex. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification with Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. We detected bacteria in the brains of both cohorts with the principal bacteria comprising (formerly ) and two species each of and genera. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect differences in relative abundance among AD and control groups. Because of large abundance variances, we also employed a new analysis approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, used in computational linguistics. This allowed us to identify five sample classes, each revealing a different microbiota. Assuming that samples represented infections that began at different times, we ordered these classes in time, finding that the last class exclusively explained the existence or non-existence of AD.
CONCLUSIONS
The AD-related pathogenicity of the brain microbiome seems to be based on a complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed a rise and fall of the abundance of with pathogenicity occurring for an off-peak abundance level in association with at least one other bacterium from a set of genera that included , , , , and . may also be involved with outcompeting the species, which were strongly associated with non-demented brain microbiota, whose early destruction could be the first stage of disease. Our results are also consistent with a leaky blood-brain barrier or lymphatic network that allows bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens to enter the brain.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bayes Theorem; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes; Brain; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37780846
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228 -
Inflammation Feb 2019Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been implicated in the progression of acne inflammation. Because current acne medications have various side effects, it is...
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been implicated in the progression of acne inflammation. Because current acne medications have various side effects, it is necessary to explore alternative medications possessing anti-inflammatory activity against P. acnes. We investigated the inhibitory effects of polyphyllin I (PPI) on P. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of PPI on the production of inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with heat-killed P. acnes. These treated HaCaT keratinocytes showed increased expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and production of inflammatory cytokines. PPI significantly suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the expression of TLR2 in P. acnes-treated cells. Moreover, we studied the influence of PPI on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in P. acnes-treated keratinocytes. PPI diminished the activation of NF-κB. Phosphorylated p38 levels were markedly increased after treatment with heat-killed P. acnes but were decreased after treatment with PPI, while the effect of PPI on ERK phosphorylation was not significant. Heat-killed P. acnes and PPI did not have any effect on JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, we confirmed that NF-κB p65 inhibitor (BAY11-7082), p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), and PPI blocked the expression of IL-8 in heat-killed P. acnes-treated cells. These results demonstrated that PPI has potential for development as a treatment for acne inflammation.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cell Line; Cytokines; Diosgenin; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; MAP Kinase Signaling System; NF-kappa B; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 30120655
DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0870-z