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Cancer Research Jul 2022Differential expression of PKM1 and PKM2 impacts prostate tumorigenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer.
Differential expression of PKM1 and PKM2 impacts prostate tumorigenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pyruvate Kinase
PubMed: 35584006
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-2352 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Aug 2022To report the treatment and clinical monitoring in patients with prostatic evanescent carcinoma at Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin.
OBJECTIVE
To report the treatment and clinical monitoring in patients with prostatic evanescent carcinoma at Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 148 patients undergoing by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in Carlos Andrade Marin hospital. The cases reported between January 2016 to December 2018. The diagnosis was carried by taking a transrectal prostate biopsy with 12 cylinders. This samples are studied by the pathologist who reviews the radical prostatectomy surgery.
RESULTS
Three patients had prostatic evanescent carcinoma, which those cases showed Gleason 6 (3+3) prostate cancer. Two received neoadjuvant hormone therapy and the other patient presented minor tumor invasion in 1 out of 12 cylinders used during the biopsy. In the three cases, after the sample analysis, there was no residual tumor evidence. Therefore, they were classified as pT10.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the results obtained from the patients studied presents the incidence of prostatic evanescent carcinoma is 2%. The combination of these different factors such as clinical status, preoperative PSA, number of positive cylinders and the invasion percentage, additionally to the usage of neoadjuvant hormone therapy prior the radical prostatectomy can help to predict evanescent carcinoma of the prostate.
Topics: Carcinoma; Hormones; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36138509
DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20227506.85 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jan 2018Primary mucinous tumors and secondary tumors involving the prostate gland are relatively uncommon, however they have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic... (Review)
Review
Primary mucinous tumors and secondary tumors involving the prostate gland are relatively uncommon, however they have important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. The primary mucinous tumors of the prostate include mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features, and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra (mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate). Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is defined as a primary prostatic acinar tumor characterized by the presence of at least 25% of the tumor composed of glands with extraluminal mucin. This diagnosis can only be made in radical prostatectomy specimens. Recent studies have shown that these tumors have a similar or in some cases better prognosis than conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy. The preferred terminology for tumors that are composed of <25% extraluminal mucinous component in radical prostatectomy specimens is 'prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.' All cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma with extraluminal mucinous components in prostate needle core biopsies or transurethral resection of the prostate specimens are also referred to as 'prostatic adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.' Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra (mucin-producing urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate) as the name implies, does not arise from prostatic acini or ducts, and is a distinct entity that arises from the prostatic urethra usually from urethritis glandularis or glandular metaplasia with malignant transformation, and is analogous to adenocarcinoma with mucinous differentiation arising from the urinary bladder. This tumor is aggressive and has a relatively poor prognosis. The most common secondary tumors that arise from adjacent organs and spread (direct extension or metastasis) to the prostate gland, include urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Other secondary tumors that may involve the prostate include metastatic epithelial tumors from several other sites, malignant melanoma and soft tissue tumors.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Terminology as Topic; Urethral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 29297488
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.132 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2022
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Colon; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35523607
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.04.106 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022We aimed to investigate the changes of serum and cell exosome miR-205 levels in patients with prostate carcinoma and its clinical significance.
PURPOSE
We aimed to investigate the changes of serum and cell exosome miR-205 levels in patients with prostate carcinoma and its clinical significance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Firstly, pronouncement of miR-205 in normal and prostate carcinoma tissues was analyzed by using UALCAN database. The relationship between miR-205 in tumor tissues and the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with prostate carcinoma were analyzed. Consequently, 60 people with prostate carcinoma were collected to the Minhang Hospital from August 2016 to August 2021. Serum of patients in the two groups was collected, and RNA in serum exosomes was extracted, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-205 mediated by serum exosomes. Meanwhile, the relationship among the clinical as well as pathological aspects and bodement of patients with prostate carcinoma and the pronouncement level of miR-205 mediated by exosome was compared. Next, assays like wound healing and CKK-8 were used to investigate the effects of miR-205 in exosomes extracted from prostate carcinoma on the augmentation and metastasis of prostate carcinoma.
RESULTS
The results showed that the pronouncement level of miR-205 in tissues with prostate carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal prostate tissues. In addition, the pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosome of people with prostate carcinoma and exosomes derived from the lines of prostate carcinoma was considerably less than that in serum exosomes of healthy patients and that of normal cell lines of prostate. The pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosomes of people with prostate carcinoma was negatively associated with cancer phase, uncontrolled cell division in lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and PSA level at initial diagnosis. Analysis (multivariate and univariate) showed that miR-205 pronouncement was a sovereign threat cause for prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Additionally, the pronouncement and metastasis of prostate carcinoma can be restricted by the overexpression of miR-205.
CONCLUSION
The pronouncement of miR-205 in liquid derived exosomes is correlated with the prediction of people with prostate carcinoma and may be a new marker for identification and cure of prostate carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36081431
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1784791 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... May 2019Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate gland (IDCP), which is now categorised as a distinct entity by WHO 2016, includes two biologically distinct diseases. IDCP... (Review)
Review
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate gland (IDCP), which is now categorised as a distinct entity by WHO 2016, includes two biologically distinct diseases. IDCP associated with invasive carcinoma (IDCP-inv) generally represents a growth pattern of invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma while the rarely encountered pure IDCP is a precursor of prostate cancer. This review highlights issues that require further discussion and clarification. The diagnostic criterion "nuclear size at least 6 times normal" is ambiguous as "size" could refer to either nuclear area or diameter. If area, then this criterion could be re-defined as nuclear diameter at least three times normal as it is difficult to visually compare area of nuclei. It is also unclear whether IDCP could also include tumours with ductal morphology. There is no consensus whether pure IDCP in needle biopsies should be managed with re-biopsy or radical therapy. A pragmatic approach would be to recommend radical therapy only for extensive pure IDCP that is morphologically unequivocal for high-grade prostate cancer. Active surveillance is not appropriate when low-grade invasive cancer is associated with IDCP, as such patients usually have unsampled high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma. It is generally recommended that IDCP component of IDCP-inv should be included in tumour extent but not grade. However, there are good arguments in favour of grading IDCP associated with invasive cancer. All historical as well as contemporary Gleason outcome data are based on morphology and would have included an associated IDCP component in the tumour grade. WHO 2016 recommends that IDCP should not be graded, but it is unclear whether this applies to both pure IDCP and IDCP-inv.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30825003
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02544-6 -
Endocrine-related Cancer Jul 2021Lineage plasticity and histologic transformation to small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an increasingly recognized mechanism of treatment resistance in... (Review)
Review
Lineage plasticity and histologic transformation to small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an increasingly recognized mechanism of treatment resistance in advanced prostate cancer. This is associated with aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis. Recent work has identified genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome changes that distinguish NEPC from prostate adenocarcinoma, pointing to new mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Treatment-related NEPC arises clonally from prostate adenocarcinoma during the course of disease progression, retaining early genomic events and acquiring new molecular features that lead to tumor proliferation independent of androgen receptor activity, and ultimately demonstrating a lineage switch from a luminal prostate cancer phenotype to a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Identifying the subset of prostate tumors most vulnerable to lineage plasticity and developing strategies for earlier detection and intervention for patients with NEPC may ultimately improve prognosis. Clinical trials focused on drug targeting of the lineage plasticity process and/or NEPC will require careful patient selection. Here, we review emerging targets and discuss biomarker considerations that may be informative for the design of future clinical studies.
Topics: Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Progression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34111024
DOI: 10.1530/ERC-21-0140 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a...
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a spectrum of uncommon tumor types occur including those with small cell and neuroendocrine cell features. Benign neuroendocrine cells exist in the normal prostate microenvironment, and these cells may give rise to primary neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, the more common development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is observed after therapeutics designed to repress the signaling program regulated by the androgen receptor which is active in the majority of localized and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors are identified through immunohistochemical staining for common markers including chromogranin A/B, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase (NSE). These markers are also common to neuroendocrine tumors that arise in other tissues and organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung and skin. Notably, neuroendocrine prostate cancer shares biochemical features with nerve cells, particularly functions involving the secretion of a variety of peptides and proteins. These secreted factors have the potential to exert local paracrine effects, and distant endocrine effects that may modulate tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the spectrum of factors derived from neuroendocrine prostate cancers and their potential to influence the pathophysiology of localized and metastatic prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Adenocarcinoma; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36440195
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012005 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Nov 2023Prostate cancer remains a significant global health challenge. Traditionally anchored by the Gleason score/Grade Group (GS/GG), the landscape of prostate cancer... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer remains a significant global health challenge. Traditionally anchored by the Gleason score/Grade Group (GS/GG), the landscape of prostate cancer diagnosis is undergoing transformative steps, particularly in the domain of biopsy procedures. GS/GG continues to be pivotal in malignancy grading, but recent technological strides have augmented the diagnostic relevance of biopsies. Integral to this progression is the adoption of advanced imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, which has refined biopsy accuracy and efficiency. A deep understanding of prostate cancer pathology reveals a cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate as independent forms of malignancy, suggesting a potentially aggressive disease course. Furthermore, the distinct behaviour of ductal adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the prostate, compared with acinar adenocarcinoma, necessitates their accurate differentiation during biopsy. The genomic era ushers in a renewed emphasis on tissue samples obtained from prostate biopsies, especially as mutations in genes, such as /, and paves the way for precision medicine. This review encapsulates the evolving dynamics of prostate biopsy, from technological advancements to the profound implications on prostate cancer management and therapy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; BRCA1 Protein; BRCA2 Protein; Prostatic Neoplasms; Biopsy; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Neoplasm Grading
PubMed: 38053418
DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237609.78 -
Oncogene Apr 2023The Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) transcriptional cofactor is significantly upregulated in high-grade and metastatic prostate cancers. To study the role of...
The Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) transcriptional cofactor is significantly upregulated in high-grade and metastatic prostate cancers. To study the role of TRIM28 in prostate cancer progression in vivo, we generated a genetically-engineered mouse model, combining prostate-specific inactivation of Trp53, Pten and Trim28. Trim28 inactivated NPp53T mice developed an inflammatory response and necrosis in prostate lumens. By conducting single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that NPp53T prostates had fewer luminal cells resembling proximal luminal lineage cells, which are cells with progenitor activity enriched in proximal prostates and prostate invagination tips in wild-type mice with analogous populations in human prostates. However, despite increased apoptosis and reduction of cells expressing proximal luminal cell markers, we found that NPp53T mouse prostates evolved and progressed to invasive prostate carcinoma with a shortened overall survival. Altogether, our findings suggest that TRIM28 promotes expression of proximal luminal cell markers in prostate tumor cells and provides insights into TRIM28 function in prostate tumor plasticity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mice; Animals; Cell Plasticity; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28; Prostate; Disease Models, Animal; Neoplastic Stem Cells
PubMed: 36882525
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02655-0