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Medicina Aug 2022Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been known as a clinical entity for 130 yearsis still recognized today as the most severe autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease... (Review)
Review
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been known as a clinical entity for 130 yearsis still recognized today as the most severe autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease (5q,13,2) in pediatrics. Until 2015, SMA treatment was limited to ventilatory, nutritional, and physical therapy support. Currently, the existence of genetic treatments: gene modification by inclusion of exon 7 to the SMN2 gene (nusinersen and risdiplam) or insertion of the SMN1 gene through the adeno-associated viral transporter (onasemnogene) have radically modified the clinical evolution of children with SMA,especially if they are treated early. This review details the effects of the 3 treatments currently in use worldwide.
Topics: Child; Humans; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
PubMed: 36054863
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Jul 2020Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce...
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota-brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia bacteria, which colonize the gut, bypasses the requirement for host tyramine biosynthesis and manipulates a host sensory decision. Bacterially produced tyramine is probably converted to octopamine by the host tyramine β-hydroxylase enzyme. Octopamine, in turn, targets the OCTR-1 octopamine receptor on ASH nociceptive neurons to modulate an aversive olfactory response. We identify the genes that are required for tyramine biosynthesis in Providencia, and show that these genes are necessary for the modulation of host behaviour. We further find that C. elegans colonized by Providencia preferentially select these bacteria in food choice assays, and that this selection bias requires bacterially produced tyramine and host octopamine signalling. Our results demonstrate that a neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria mimics the functions of the cognate host molecule to override host control of a sensory decision, and thereby promotes fitness of both the host and the microorganism.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Metabolomics; Mutation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Octanols; Octopamine; Providencia; Receptors, Biogenic Amine; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sensory Receptor Cells; Smell; Tyramine; Tyrosine Decarboxylase
PubMed: 32555456
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2395-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a challenge for antibiotic therapy, mostly involving Gram-negative bacteria. Among the strategies activated to... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a challenge for antibiotic therapy, mostly involving Gram-negative bacteria. Among the strategies activated to overcome AMR, the repurposing of already available antimicrobial molecules by encapsulating them in drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and also engineered NPs, seems to be promising. Tobramycin is a powerful and effective aminoglycoside, approved for complicated infections and reinfections and indicated mainly against Gram-negative bacteria, such as , , , , , , , and species. However, the drug presents several side effects, mostly due to dose frequency, and for this reason, it is a good candidate for nanomedicine formulation. This review paper is focused on what has been conducted in the last 20 years for the development of Tobramycin nanosized delivery systems (nanoantibiotics), with critical discussion and comparison. Tobramycin was selected as the antimicrobial drug because it is a wide-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, and it is characterized by a fast bactericidal effect, even against multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDR).
Topics: Tobramycin; Gentamicins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36430555
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214080 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to...
as an opportunistic pathogen can cause serious infection, and moreover the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains poses a potentially life-threatening risk to public health. However, a comprehensive genomic study to reveal the population structure and dissemination of is still lacking. In this study, we conducted a genomic epidemiology analysis on the 580 global sequenced isolates, including 257 ones sequenced in this study (42 ones were fully sequenced). We established a genome sequence-based species classification scheme for , redefining the conventional 11 species into seven genocomplexes that were further divided into 18 genospecies, providing an extensively updated reference for species discrimination based on the largest genome dataset to date. We then dissected the profile of antimicrobial resistance genes and the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant strains among these genocomplexes/genospecies, disclosing the presence of diverse and abundant antimicrobial resistance genes and high resistance ratios against multiple classes of drugs in . We further dissected the genetic basis for the spread of in . genes were mainly carried by five incompatible (Inc) groups of plasmids: IncC, IncW, Inc, Inc, and Inc, and the last three were newly designated in this study. By tracking the spread of -carrying plasmids, IncC, Inc, Inc, and Inc plasmids were found to be highly involved in parallel horizontal transfer or vertical clonal expansion of among . Overall, our study provided a comprehensive genomic view of species differentiation, antimicrobial resistance prevalence, and plasmid-mediated dissemination in .
Topics: Providencia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases; Genomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37874004
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2275596 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2018species are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family. They have intrinsic resistance to colistin and tigecycline, which makes treatment of the... (Review)
Review
species are Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family. They have intrinsic resistance to colistin and tigecycline, which makes treatment of the multidrug-resistant strains of challenging. Carbapenem-resistant species are increasingly reported. In this review, patients' characteristics, resistance mechanisms, treatment and infection control measures of carbapenem-resistant species in the literature are described.
PubMed: 29983987
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.009 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Feb 2016
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 27019245
DOI: 10.20960/nh.v33i1.18 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2019is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of... (Review)
Review
is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae that has been commonly implicated as a causative agent of diarrheal infection in humans and animals. Recent outbreaks of in both developing and developed countries have raised public health concerns. Several studies have suggested that can cause diarrhea by invading the intestinal mucosa, although its pathogenicity has not been well established. Often routine laboratory investigations that seek etiological agents of diarrhea do not actively pursue detection. Therefore, routine laboratory diagnosis should be given more attention for better understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of .
Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Foodborne Diseases; Providencia
PubMed: 31218997
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0376 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2022
Topics: Chile; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Pesticides
PubMed: 35099697
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18843-6 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Aug 2015Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in...
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare disorder seen in elderly persons, wherein the urinary bag and the tubing turn in to purple colour. It is usually seen in patients who are on urinary catheters for a long time. Purple coloured urine occurs due to the accumulation of indigo and indirubin, which are the end products of tryptophan metabolism due to the action of sulfatases and phosphatases formed by bacteria like Providencia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella etc. We present this interesting phenomenon of purple urine in a young male who was on prolonged urinary catheterization. The urine culture was positive for Providencia and constipation was an added risk factor for the purple urine. The urinary catheter and tubing was changed along with a course of antibiotics which lead to the normalization of the urine colour.
PubMed: 26435987
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14736.6304 -
Insects May 2022(Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect...
(Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect pest including insecticides and the Sterile Insect Technique. Traditional control methods should be implemented by innovative tools, among which those based on insect symbionts seem very promising. Our study aimed to investigate, through the 16S Miseq analysis, the microbial communities associated with selected organs in three different medfly populations to identify possible candidates to develop symbiont-based control approaches. Our results confirm that and are the dominant bacteria in guts, while a more diversified microbial community has been detected in reproductive organs. Concertedly, we revealed for the first time the presence of and as stable components of the medfly's microbiota. Additionally, in the reproductive organs, we detected , a bacterium already proposed as a tool in the Symbiotic Control of Vector-Borne Diseases. A strain of , genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein, was used to ascertain the ability of to colonize specific organs of . Our study lays the foundation for the development of control methods for based on the use of symbiont bacteria.
PubMed: 35621808
DOI: 10.3390/insects13050474