-
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2019
Topics: Cognitive Aging; Humans; Otolaryngologists; Physicians; Retirement
PubMed: 31405306
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319858882 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Retirement; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36774604
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurology India 2019Being a neurosurgeon is a protracted, time-consuming, and labor-intensive occupation. It presupposes excellent, continuing physical and mental competence, and a passion...
Being a neurosurgeon is a protracted, time-consuming, and labor-intensive occupation. It presupposes excellent, continuing physical and mental competence, and a passion to always do better than the best. During the last two decades, the exponential deployment of operative technology has resulted in a radical transformation, making a neurosurgeon trained four decades ago, run the risk of being outdated. Expectations from patients have reached an all time high level. Socioeconomic and medicolegal aspects cannot be brushed aside. It is universally accepted that in spite of increasing longevity in the educated upper middle class, the process of ageing per se continues relentlessly. When is enough enough? Is there a risk that a "senior, experienced" neurosurgeon may even become a liability to his patients some day? Should there be a mandatory time point at which a neurosurgeon should necessarily stop operating. The author reviews the published literature and opines that after the age of 65 years, all seniors should agree to their operating privileges being formally reviewed regularly every 2 years.
Topics: Age Factors; Humans; Neurosurgeons; Neurosurgery; Retirement; Teaching
PubMed: 31085838
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.258036 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2018Participation in social activities is one of important factors for older adults' health. The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between social...
Participation in social activities is one of important factors for older adults' health. The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. A total of 8966 individuals aged 60 and older from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were obtained for this study. Telephone interviews of cognitive status, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities were assessed by questionnaire. We used the sum of all three of the above measures to represent the respondent's cognitive status as a whole. Types and frequencies of participation in social groups were used to measure social activities. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between social activities and cognitive function. After adjustment for demographics, smoking, drinking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and self-rated health, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that interaction with friends, participating in hobby groups, and sports groups were associated with better cognitive function among both men and women ( < 0.05); doing volunteer work was associated with better cognitive function among women but not among men ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that there is a cross-sectional association between participation in social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of social activities on cognitive function.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retirement; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29385773
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020231 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2021In this narrative essay, the author, a family physician, remembers his encounters with patients at his 2008 retirement tea following 34 years in practice. The physician...
In this narrative essay, the author, a family physician, remembers his encounters with patients at his 2008 retirement tea following 34 years in practice. The physician and the patients explored their experiences working together and expressed their gratitude to each other. The author looks back at how these long-standing relationships led to better care and better health.
Topics: Humans; Retirement; Tea
PubMed: 34312285
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200453 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Aug 2021We examined associations between job strain and trajectories of change in cognitive functioning (general cognitive ability plus verbal, spatial, memory, and speed...
OBJECTIVES
We examined associations between job strain and trajectories of change in cognitive functioning (general cognitive ability plus verbal, spatial, memory, and speed domains) before and after retirement.
METHODS
Data on indicators of job strain, retirement age, and cognitive factors were available from 307 members of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Participants were followed up for up to 27 years (mean = 15.4, SD = 8.5).
RESULTS
In growth curve analyses controlling for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular health, and twinness, greater job strain was associated with general cognitive ability (estimate = -1.33, p = .002), worse memory (estimate = -1.22, p = .007), speed (estimate = -1.11, p = .012), and spatial ability (estimate = -0.96, p = .043) at retirement. Greater job strain was also associated with less improvement in general cognitive ability before retirement and a somewhat slower decline after retirement. The sex-stratified analyses showed that the smaller gains of general cognitive ability before retirement (estimate = -1.09, p = .005) were only observed in women. Domain-specific analyses revealed that greater job strain was associated with less improvement in spatial (estimate = -1.35, p = .010) and verbal (estimate = -0.64, p = .047) ability before retirement in women and a slower decline in memory after retirement in women (estimate = 0.85, p = .008) and men (estimate = 1.12, p = .013). Neither preretirement nor postretirement speed was affected significantly by job strain.
DISCUSSION
Greater job strain may have a negative influence on overall cognitive functioning prior to and at retirement, while interrupting exposure to job strain (postretirement) may slow the rate of cognitive aging. Reducing the level of stress at work should be seen as a potential target for intervention to improve cognitive aging outcomes.
Topics: Cognition; Cognitive Aging; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Stress; Retirement; Time Factors
PubMed: 33624114
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab033 -
BMC Public Health May 2021In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially...
BACKGROUND
In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially pronounced in rural areas. Previous findings on the effects of retirement on wellbeing have been mixed. The present study explores the effects of employment and retirement on health and wellbeing among a sample of rural Australians.
METHODS
Australian Rural Mental Health Study participants who were aged 45 or over (N = 2013) were included in a series of analyses to compare the health and wellbeing of individuals with differing employment and retirement circumstances. Self-reported outcome variables included perceived physical health and everyday functioning, financial wellbeing, mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life.
RESULTS
Across the outcomes, participants who were employed or retired generally reported better health and wellbeing than those not in the workforce. Retired participants rated more highly than employed participants on mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life. There was also a short-term benefit for perceived financial status for retired participants compared to employed participants, but this effect diminished over time.
CONCLUSIONS
While retirement is a significant life transition that may affect multiple facets of an individual's life, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary depending on the retirement context, namely the pre-retirement and concurrent circumstances within which an individual is retiring. Personal perceptions of status changes may also contribute to an individual's wellbeing more so than objective factors such as income. Policies that promote rural work/retirement opportunities and diversity and address rural disadvantage are needed.
Topics: Australia; Employment; Humans; Income; Middle Aged; Personal Satisfaction; Retirement
PubMed: 33971829
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10876-9 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2023Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors.
METHODS
We used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised 396 904 observations from 106 927 unique individuals aged 50-70 years, with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. Fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions were performed using the SPA as an instrument.
RESULTS
We found a 2.2%-point decrease in the risk of heart disease [coefficient = -0.022 (95% confidence interval: -0.031 to -0.012)] and a 3.0%-point decrease in physical inactivity [-0.030 (-0.049 to -0.010)] among retirees, compared with workers. In both sexes, retirement was associated with a decreased heart disease risk, whereas decreased smoking was observed only among women. People with high educational levels showed associations between retirement and decreased risks of stroke, obesity and physical inactivity. People who retired from non-physical labour exhibited reduced risks of heart disease, obesity and physical inactivity, whereas those who retired from physical labour indicated an increased risk of obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Retirement was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease on average. Some associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors appeared heterogeneous by individual characteristics.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Retirement; Longitudinal Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity; Heart Diseases
PubMed: 37155837
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad058 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2022As a major life transition characterized by changes in social, behavioral, and psychological domains, retirement is associated with numerous risk factors that can... (Review)
Review
As a major life transition characterized by changes in social, behavioral, and psychological domains, retirement is associated with numerous risk factors that can contribute to the development of depression in later life. Understanding how these risk factors intersect with overall health and functioning can inform opportunities for mental health promotion during this transition. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on risk and protective factors for depression during retirement transitions, discuss challenges related to appropriate management of depression in later life, and describe opportunities for prevention and intervention for depression relating to retirement transitions, both within and beyond the health care system. Key implications from this review are that 1) the relationship between depression and retirement is multifaceted; 2) while depression is a common health condition among older adults, this syndrome should not be considered a normative part of aging or of retirement specifically; 3) the existing mental health specialty workforce is insufficient to meet the depression management needs of the aging population, and 4) therefore, there is a need for interprofessional and multidisciplinary intervention efforts for preventing and managing depression among older adults. In sum, both healthcare providers, public health practitioners, and community organizations have meaningful opportunities for promoting the mental health of older adults during such major life transitions.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Depression; Health Promotion; Humans; Mental Health; Retirement
PubMed: 35855744
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S336301 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Apr 2021
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Retirement; Syndrome
PubMed: 33795239
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.88b.04021