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Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2019
Topics: Cognitive Aging; Humans; Otolaryngologists; Physicians; Retirement
PubMed: 31405306
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319858882 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Retirement; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36774604
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2018Participation in social activities is one of important factors for older adults' health. The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between social...
Participation in social activities is one of important factors for older adults' health. The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. A total of 8966 individuals aged 60 and older from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were obtained for this study. Telephone interviews of cognitive status, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities were assessed by questionnaire. We used the sum of all three of the above measures to represent the respondent's cognitive status as a whole. Types and frequencies of participation in social groups were used to measure social activities. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between social activities and cognitive function. After adjustment for demographics, smoking, drinking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and self-rated health, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that interaction with friends, participating in hobby groups, and sports groups were associated with better cognitive function among both men and women ( < 0.05); doing volunteer work was associated with better cognitive function among women but not among men ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that there is a cross-sectional association between participation in social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of social activities on cognitive function.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retirement; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29385773
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020231 -
Neurology India 2019Being a neurosurgeon is a protracted, time-consuming, and labor-intensive occupation. It presupposes excellent, continuing physical and mental competence, and a passion...
Being a neurosurgeon is a protracted, time-consuming, and labor-intensive occupation. It presupposes excellent, continuing physical and mental competence, and a passion to always do better than the best. During the last two decades, the exponential deployment of operative technology has resulted in a radical transformation, making a neurosurgeon trained four decades ago, run the risk of being outdated. Expectations from patients have reached an all time high level. Socioeconomic and medicolegal aspects cannot be brushed aside. It is universally accepted that in spite of increasing longevity in the educated upper middle class, the process of ageing per se continues relentlessly. When is enough enough? Is there a risk that a "senior, experienced" neurosurgeon may even become a liability to his patients some day? Should there be a mandatory time point at which a neurosurgeon should necessarily stop operating. The author reviews the published literature and opines that after the age of 65 years, all seniors should agree to their operating privileges being formally reviewed regularly every 2 years.
Topics: Age Factors; Humans; Neurosurgeons; Neurosurgery; Retirement; Teaching
PubMed: 31085838
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.258036 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2023Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors.
METHODS
We used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised 396 904 observations from 106 927 unique individuals aged 50-70 years, with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. Fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions were performed using the SPA as an instrument.
RESULTS
We found a 2.2%-point decrease in the risk of heart disease [coefficient = -0.022 (95% confidence interval: -0.031 to -0.012)] and a 3.0%-point decrease in physical inactivity [-0.030 (-0.049 to -0.010)] among retirees, compared with workers. In both sexes, retirement was associated with a decreased heart disease risk, whereas decreased smoking was observed only among women. People with high educational levels showed associations between retirement and decreased risks of stroke, obesity and physical inactivity. People who retired from non-physical labour exhibited reduced risks of heart disease, obesity and physical inactivity, whereas those who retired from physical labour indicated an increased risk of obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Retirement was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease on average. Some associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors appeared heterogeneous by individual characteristics.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Retirement; Longitudinal Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity; Heart Diseases
PubMed: 37155837
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad058 -
BMC Public Health May 2021In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially...
BACKGROUND
In Australia, it is projected that one in four individuals will be at the nominal retirement age of 65 or over by 2056; this effect is expected to be especially pronounced in rural areas. Previous findings on the effects of retirement on wellbeing have been mixed. The present study explores the effects of employment and retirement on health and wellbeing among a sample of rural Australians.
METHODS
Australian Rural Mental Health Study participants who were aged 45 or over (N = 2013) were included in a series of analyses to compare the health and wellbeing of individuals with differing employment and retirement circumstances. Self-reported outcome variables included perceived physical health and everyday functioning, financial wellbeing, mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life.
RESULTS
Across the outcomes, participants who were employed or retired generally reported better health and wellbeing than those not in the workforce. Retired participants rated more highly than employed participants on mental health, relationships, and satisfaction with life. There was also a short-term benefit for perceived financial status for retired participants compared to employed participants, but this effect diminished over time.
CONCLUSIONS
While retirement is a significant life transition that may affect multiple facets of an individual's life, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary depending on the retirement context, namely the pre-retirement and concurrent circumstances within which an individual is retiring. Personal perceptions of status changes may also contribute to an individual's wellbeing more so than objective factors such as income. Policies that promote rural work/retirement opportunities and diversity and address rural disadvantage are needed.
Topics: Australia; Employment; Humans; Income; Middle Aged; Personal Satisfaction; Retirement
PubMed: 33971829
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10876-9 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2022As a major life transition characterized by changes in social, behavioral, and psychological domains, retirement is associated with numerous risk factors that can... (Review)
Review
As a major life transition characterized by changes in social, behavioral, and psychological domains, retirement is associated with numerous risk factors that can contribute to the development of depression in later life. Understanding how these risk factors intersect with overall health and functioning can inform opportunities for mental health promotion during this transition. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on risk and protective factors for depression during retirement transitions, discuss challenges related to appropriate management of depression in later life, and describe opportunities for prevention and intervention for depression relating to retirement transitions, both within and beyond the health care system. Key implications from this review are that 1) the relationship between depression and retirement is multifaceted; 2) while depression is a common health condition among older adults, this syndrome should not be considered a normative part of aging or of retirement specifically; 3) the existing mental health specialty workforce is insufficient to meet the depression management needs of the aging population, and 4) therefore, there is a need for interprofessional and multidisciplinary intervention efforts for preventing and managing depression among older adults. In sum, both healthcare providers, public health practitioners, and community organizations have meaningful opportunities for promoting the mental health of older adults during such major life transitions.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Depression; Health Promotion; Humans; Mental Health; Retirement
PubMed: 35855744
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S336301 -
Journal of Neurology Sep 2019Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of dystonia. The onset of CD is usually before 60 years of age and it may cause severe functional and psychosocial...
BACKGROUND
Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of dystonia. The onset of CD is usually before 60 years of age and it may cause severe functional and psychosocial impairment in everyday life. Recently non-motor symptoms have been reported to occur in CD substantially affecting the quality of life.
METHODS/PATIENTS
We studied comorbidities of patients with primary focal CD in Finland based on ICD-10 codes obtained from the care registry and patient records of 937 confirmed adult isolated focal CD patients between the years 2007-2016. The retirement months and diagnosis of retirement were calculated from pension registry information. The results were compared with 3746 age and gender-matched controls.
RESULTS
Most prominent comorbidities with primary focal CD were depression (14%), anxiety (7%), and back pain (11%). The retirement age was significantly younger in CD patients compared to control group controls (59.0 years, 95% CI 58.5-59.5 vs. 61.7 years, 95% CI 61.6-61.9) years, p < 0.001). For dystonia patients the most common diagnoses for retirement due to sickness were dystonia (51%), depression (14%), and anxiety (8%). Patients with anxiety and depression retired earlier than other dystonia patients.
DISCUSSION
Cervical dystonia considerably reduces working ability and leads to earlier retirement. Anxiety and depression are most notable comorbidities and their co-occurrence further reduces working ability. Our results suggest that more health care resources should be administered in treatment of CD to longer maintain working ability of CD patients. Further, psychiatric comorbidities should be taken into consideration in CD treatment.
Topics: Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Registries; Retirement; Torticollis
PubMed: 31152297
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09402-0 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2018To date, determinants of retirement timing have been studied separately within various disciplines, such as occupational health and economics. This narrative literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To date, determinants of retirement timing have been studied separately within various disciplines, such as occupational health and economics. This narrative literature review explores the determinants of retirement timing in countries, and relevant domains among older workers from both an economic and occupational health perspective.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using 11 databases. Longitudinal studies on determinants of retirement timing were included. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: full-text article written in English or Dutch, conducted in humans, main outcome was time until retirement (i.e. retirement date or retirement age), and longitudinal design. Next, the included articles were screened for hypotheses on retirement timing and these articles with hypotheses were subjected to a quality assessment. Determinants for retirement timing were classified into multiple domains by three researchers.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 20 articles. The determinants of retirement timing were classified into eight domains: demographic factors, health factors, social factors, social participation, work characteristics, financial factors, retirement preferences, and macro effects. In total, we identified 49 determinants, ranging from one (social, and retirement preferences) to 21 determinants (work characteristics) per domain.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that there is a wide range of determinants that influence retirement timing in modern industrialized countries and that these determinants differ between countries. We recommend that researchers include determinants from various domains when studying retirement timing, while taking into account a country's context.
Topics: Age Factors; Developed Countries; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Retirement; Time Factors
PubMed: 30170592
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5983-7 -
European Journal of Public Health Feb 2020Retirement has been associated with improved mental health, but it is unclear how much this is due to the removal of work-related stressors. We examined rates of...
BACKGROUND
Retirement has been associated with improved mental health, but it is unclear how much this is due to the removal of work-related stressors. We examined rates of psychotropic medication use before and after the transition to disability retirement due to mental, musculoskeletal and other causes by pre-retirement levels of perceived work stress (effort-reward imbalance, ERI).
METHODS
Register-based date and diagnosis of disability retirement of 2766 participants of the Finnish Public Sector study cohort were linked to survey data on ERI, social- and health-related covariates, and to national records on prescribed reimbursed psychotropic medication, measured as defined daily doses (DDDs). Follow-up for DDDs was 2-5 years before and after disability retirement. We assessed differences in the levels of DDDs before and after retirement among those with high vs. low level of pre-retirement ERI with repeated measures regression.
RESULTS
Those with high (vs. low) levels of ERI used slightly more psychotropic medication before disability retirement due to mental disorders [rate ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.94-1.37], but after retirement this difference attenuated (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80-1.10, P for interaction 0.02). Such a change was not observed for the other causes of disability retirement.
CONCLUSIONS
The level of psychotropic medication use over the transition to disability retirement due to mental, but not musculoskeletal or other, causes was modified by pre-retirement perceived work-related stress. This suggests that among people retiring due to mental disorders those who had stressful jobs benefit from retirement more than those with low levels of work-related stress.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Finland; Humans; Occupational Stress; Psychotropic Drugs; Retirement
PubMed: 31326988
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz131