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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jan 2019As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome... (Review)
Review
As an interface with the environment, the skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by many microorganisms that coexist in an established balance. The cutaneous microbiome inhibits colonization with pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and is a crucial component for function of the epidermal barrier. Moreover, crosstalk between commensals and the immune system is now recognized because microorganisms can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Host-commensal interactions also have an effect on the developing immune system in infants and, subsequently, the occurrence of diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). Later in life, the cutaneous microbiome contributes to the development and course of skin disease. Accordingly, in patients with AD, a decrease in microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity and increased colonization with pathogenic bacteria, such as S aureus. Early clinical studies suggest that topical application of commensal organisms (eg, Staphylococcus hominis or Roseomonas mucosa) reduces AD severity, which supports an important role for commensals in decreasing S aureus colonization in patients with AD. Advancing knowledge of the cutaneous microbiome and its function in modulating the course of skin disorders, such as AD, might result in novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Microbiota; Skin; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 30476499
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015 -
Science Translational Medicine Sep 2020Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously reported first-in-human safety... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously reported first-in-human safety and clinical activity results from topical application of the commensal skin bacterium for the treatment of AD in 10 adults and 5 children older than 9 years of age. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of action of treatment and its impact on children with AD less than 7 years of age, the most common age group for children with AD. In 15 children with AD, treatment was associated with amelioration of disease severity, improvement in epithelial barrier function, reduced burden on the skin, and a reduction in topical steroid requirements without severe adverse events. Our observed response rates to treatment were greater than those seen in historical placebo control groups in prior AD studies. Skin improvements and colonization by persisted for up to 8 months after cessation of treatment. Analyses of cellular scratch assays and the MC903 mouse model of AD suggested that production of sphingolipids by , cholinergic signaling, and flagellin expression may have contributed to therapeutic impact through induction of a TNFR2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of treatment in individuals with AD is warranted and implicate commensals in the maintenance of the skin epithelial barrier.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Humans; Lipids; Methylobacteriaceae; Skin
PubMed: 32908007
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8631 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Feb 2019Roseomonas mucosa, as a Gram-negative coccobacilli, is an opportunistic pathogen that has rarely been reported in human infections. Here we describe a case of bacteremia... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Roseomonas mucosa, as a Gram-negative coccobacilli, is an opportunistic pathogen that has rarely been reported in human infections. Here we describe a case of bacteremia in an infective endocarditis patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
CASE PRESENTATIONS
A 44-year-old female patient with SLE suffered bacteremia caused by Roseomonas mucosa complicated with infective endocarditis (IE). The patient started on treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin against Roseomonas mucosa, which was switched after 4 days to meropenem and amikacin for an additional 2 weeks. She had a favorable outcome with a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Roseomonas mucosa is rarely reported in IE patients; therefore, we report the case in order to improve our ability to identify this pathogen and expand the range of known bacterial causes of infective endocarditis.
Topics: Adult; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Levofloxacin; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Methylobacteriaceae; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
PubMed: 30755159
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3774-0 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023Radiation methods are widely used for disinfection and sterilization applications. Microorganisms demonstrate known, variable tolerance levels to inactivation with lower...
Radiation methods are widely used for disinfection and sterilization applications. Microorganisms demonstrate known, variable tolerance levels to inactivation with lower doses of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation based on multiple mechanisms of resistance in their structures and nucleic acid repair mechanisms. The radiation dose required to ensure microbial inactivation during sterilization is typically based on the understanding and routine monitoring of the natural population and resistance of microorganisms on products exposed to radiation sterilization processes. This report describes the isolation of in a device manufacturing environment that was detected during routine device bioburden and dose verification monitoring. Sources of Gram-negative bacteria in the environment were investigated. Non-sterile examination gloves used during manufacturing were found to be a persistent source of and other microbial contaminants. The source of contamination was determined to be from the glove manufacturing process. Maintenance and routine microbiological controls during glove manufacturing, including water systems, are required to reduce the risks of gloves being a source of unexpected microbiological contamination.
PubMed: 38138003
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122859 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Dec 2023Roseomonas mucosa (R. mucosa) is a pink-pigmented, Gram-negative short rod bacterium. It is isolated from moist environments and skin, resistant to multiple drugs,...
BACKGROUND
Roseomonas mucosa (R. mucosa) is a pink-pigmented, Gram-negative short rod bacterium. It is isolated from moist environments and skin, resistant to multiple drugs, including broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and a rare cause of infection with limited reports. R. mucosa mostly causes catheter-related bloodstream infections, with even fewer reports of skin and soft tissue infections.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 10-year-old boy received topical steroid treatment for sebum-deficient eczema. A few days before the visit, he was bitten by an insect on the front of his right lower leg and scratched it due to itching. The day before the visit, redness, swelling, and mild pain in the same area were observed. Based on his symptoms, he was diagnosed with cellulitis. He was treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and his symptoms improved. Pus culture revealed R. mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS
We report a rare case of cellulitis caused by R. mucosa. Infections caused by rare organisms that cause opportunistic infections, such as R. mucosa, should be considered in patients with compromised skin barrier function and regular topical steroid use. Gram stain detection of organisms other than Gram-positive cocci should be considered.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Cellulitis; Soft Tissue Infections; Methylobacteriaceae; Steroids
PubMed: 38082373
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08875-9 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Dec 2017Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is an infrequently reported entity. Although Roseomonas mucosa has been reported to cause systemic infections in immunosuppressed...
BACKGROUND
Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is an infrequently reported entity. Although Roseomonas mucosa has been reported to cause systemic infections in immunosuppressed individuals, ocular infection due to Roseomonas has been rarely reported in literature previously.
FINDINGS
A 74-year-old diabetic was diagnosed to have Klebsiella urinary tract infection and septicemia following which he developed ocular pain and redness. Further investigation revealed endophthalmitis with subretinal abscess and retinal detachment. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with drainage of the abscess and silicone oil tamponade. The subretinal aspirate was found to contain R. mucosa confirmed on culture and PCR.
CONCLUSION
Microbiological evaluation of the subretinal purulent material revealed pink-colored colonies. Nested PCR was positive for detection of the eubacterial genome as well as for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome (Ref)-targeting MPB64 gene. PCR examination of the subretinal pus sample ruled out M. tuberculosis and confirmed R. mucosa. The occurrence of Roseomonas endogenous endophthalmitis presenting as a subretinal abscess has not yet been reported in English literature so far to the best of our knowledge.
PubMed: 28130734
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-017-0123-6 -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2017The genus Roseomonas comprises a group of pink-pigmented, slow-growing, aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, which have been isolated from environmental...
OBJECTIVE
The genus Roseomonas comprises a group of pink-pigmented, slow-growing, aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, which have been isolated from environmental sources such as water and soil, but are also associated with human infections. In the study presented here, Roseomonas mucosa was identified for the first time as part of the endodontic microbiota of an infected root canal and characterised in respect to growth, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation.
RESULTS
The isolated R. mucosa strain showed strong slime formation and was resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, while it was susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenemes, fluorochinolones, polymyxines, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. Biofilm formation on artificial surfaces (glass, polystyrene, gutta-percha) and on teeth was tested using colorimetric and fluorescence microscopic assays. While solid biofilms were formed on glass surfaces, on the hydrophobic surface of gutta-percha points, no confluent but localised, spotty biofilms were observed. Furthermore, R. mucosa was able form biofilms on dentin. The data obtained indicate that R. mucosa can support establishment of endodontic biofilms and furthermore, infected root canals might serve as an entrance pathway for blood stream infections by this emerging pathogen.
Topics: Acetobacteraceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota
PubMed: 28615078
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2538-4 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2023() is a pink-pigmented, aerobic, nonfermentative, slow-growing Gram-negative coccus typically isolated from the natural environment, human skin, and hospital...
() is a pink-pigmented, aerobic, nonfermentative, slow-growing Gram-negative coccus typically isolated from the natural environment, human skin, and hospital environment. This pathogen, in most circumstances, leads to infections in immunocompromised hosts, but it may sometimes invade immunocompetent individuals. Bacteraemia is the most common form of infection caused by . In contrast, only two case reports have described -related epidural abscess formation and infective spondylitis. In this case report, we shared the history and treatment experience of a 76-year-old female who was diagnosed with infective spondylitis and epidural abscess caused by . She received a local transdermal injection into the lower back to relieve her back pain two months before symptom onset, which was considered to be associated with this infection episode. After admission to the hospital, neurosurgeons performed emergent decompression and debridement. She was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for four weeks, followed by oral ciprofloxacin for another eight weeks. The patient recovered well without any sequelae and had no relapse of infection at least six months after the end of treatment. In addition to the case report, we reviewed the literature for reported cases caused by . Our experience suggests that clinicians should include as one of the possible healthcare-associated pathogens among individuals who have undergone transdermal procedures. We believe that this article will help clinicians better recognize infection.
PubMed: 37261246
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6332814 -
Cureus Jun 2023species has been associated with infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, manifesting as peritonitis, bacteremia, catheter-related bacteremia,...
species has been associated with infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, manifesting as peritonitis, bacteremia, catheter-related bacteremia, endophthalmitis, spondylitis, and endocarditis. Here we present a man in his 60s who was brought to our institution for sudden onset of aphasia, right-sided paresthesia, and new onset tonic-clonic seizure episodes. At presentation, he was found to have severe lactic acidosis, acute kidney failure, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and an enlarged prostate. Blood cultures obtained on admission later grew species for which he was started on meropenem. A trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed multiple very thin mobile densities on the ventricular side of the aortic valve; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed an 11 mm acute/subacute hemorrhage. The patient was discharged in stable condition on Ertapenem intravenous therapy for six weeks. can be a cause of endocarditis. The antimicrobial resistance profile of suggests that carbapenems, fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides are the drugs of choice for Roseomonas infections and that infectious diseases involved in cases of infections should be instituted promptly for proper management.
PubMed: 37448416
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40318 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022The cutaneous microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Although traditionally AD and psoriasis...
The cutaneous microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Although traditionally AD and psoriasis have been viewed as having opposing immunologic findings, recent evidence suggests an overlap in ceramide-family lipid production in the protection against symptoms. We recently identified that specific environmental pollutants may drive dysbiosis through direct suppression of ceramide-family lipids produced by health-associated skin bacteria in atopic dermatitis (AD). We further demonstrated that one such bacteria, , generated significant clinical improvement in AD lasting beyond active treatment lipid-mediated modulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. To assess the potential preclinical benefit of in psoriasis we assessed for direct effects on surface TNF signaling in cell cultures and identified direct effects on the TNF axis. We also identified preclinical efficacy of treatment in the imiquimod mouse model of psoriasis. Finally, we expanded our previous environmental assessment for psoriasis to include more traditional markers of air quality and found a strong association between disease rates and ambient carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and particulate matter (PM). At the current stage this work is speculative but does support consideration of further preclinical models and/or clinical assessments to evaluate any potential for therapeutic benefit through microbial manipulation and/or environmental mitigation.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Pollutants; Psoriasis; Ceramides; Lipids
PubMed: 36605199
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094376