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BMC Microbiology Apr 2023The equilibrium of the scalp microbiome is important for maintaining healthy scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff, and hair growth. Many different...
BACKGROUND
The equilibrium of the scalp microbiome is important for maintaining healthy scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff, and hair growth. Many different strategies to improve scalp health have been reported; however, the effect of postbiotics, such as heat-killed probiotics, on scalp health remains unclear. We examined the beneficial effects of heat-killed probiotics consisting of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, GMNL-653, on scalp health.
RESULTS
Heat-killed GMNL-653 could co-aggregate with scalp commensal fungi, Malassezia furfur, in vitro, and the GMNL-653-derived lipoteichoic acid inhibited the biofilm formation of M. furfur on Hs68 fibroblast cells. The mRNA of hair follicle growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF-1, and keratinocyte growth factor was up-regulated in skin-related human cell lines Hs68 and HaCaT after treatment with heat-killed GMNL-653. For clinical observations, we recruited 22 volunteer participants to use the shampoo containing the heat-killed GMNL-653 for 5 months and subsequently measured their scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff formation, and hair growth. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the scalp microbiota of M. restricta, M. globosa, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A decrease in dandruff and oil secretion and an increase in hair growth in the human scalp were observed after the use of heat-killed GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The increased abundance of M. globosa and the decreased abundance of M. restricta and C. acnes were also observed. We further found that accumulated L. paracasei abundance was positively correlated with M. globosa abundance and negatively correlated with C. acnes abundance. S. epidermidis and C. acnes abundance was negatively correlated with M. globosa abundance and positively correlated with M. restricta. Meanwhile, M. globosa and M. restricta abundances were negatively associated with each other. C. acnes and S. epidermidis abundances were statistically positively correlated with sebum secretion and dandruff, respectively, in our shampoo clinical trial.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides a new strategy for human scalp health care using the heat-killed probiotics GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The mechanism may be correlated with the microbiota shift.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Dandruff; Lacticaseibacillus; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Hot Temperature; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Microbiota
PubMed: 37120517
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02870-5 -
Anales de Pediatria Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Skin Abnormalities; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37391354
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.06.011 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 2022Much of human behavior is governed by common processes that unfold over varying timescales. Standard event-related potential analysis assumes fixed-duration responses...
Much of human behavior is governed by common processes that unfold over varying timescales. Standard event-related potential analysis assumes fixed-duration responses relative to experimental events. However, recent single-unit recordings in animals have revealed neural activity scales to span different durations during behaviors demanding flexible timing. Here, we employed a general linear modeling approach using a combination of fixed-duration and variable-duration regressors to unmix fixed-time and scaled-time components in human magneto-/electroencephalography (M/EEG) data. We use this to reveal consistent temporal scaling of human scalp-recorded potentials across four independent electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets, including interval perception, production, prediction, and value-based decision making. Between-trial variation in the temporally scaled response predicts between-trial variation in subject reaction times, demonstrating the relevance of this temporally scaled signal for temporal variation in behavior. Our results provide a general approach for studying flexibly timed behavior in the human brain.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Scalp; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Reaction Time; Brain Mapping
PubMed: 36256817
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214638119 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2019
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Athletic Injuries; Bites and Stings; Epidural Abscess; Fever; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Male; Neuroimaging; Scalp; Tooth; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31540923
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230525 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2019
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Biopsy; Dermoscopy; Folliculitis; Humans; Male; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 30726481
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197952 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Dec 2016Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the scalp are rare lesions. The clinical picture presents with complaints of increased scalp, scalp disfigurement, pain and...
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the scalp are rare lesions. The clinical picture presents with complaints of increased scalp, scalp disfigurement, pain and neurological symptoms. Its origin can be congenital or traumatic. We present a case of giant scalp AVMs and its management, followed by a brief literature review on the subject. The diagnosis of scalp AVMs is based on physical examination and confirmed by internal and external carotid angiography or computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Surgical excision is especially effective in scalp AVMs, and is the most frequently used treatment modality.
Topics: Adult; Arteriovenous Malformations; Computed Tomography Angiography; Humans; Male; Photography; Scalp
PubMed: 28001255
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.09.828 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Sep 2022Electrical injuries of the scalp are a frequent occurrence in developing countries. Burns can be contact or conductive and result in extensive tissue damage. The authors...
BACKGROUND
Electrical injuries of the scalp are a frequent occurrence in developing countries. Burns can be contact or conductive and result in extensive tissue damage. The authors present their experience with treatment of scalp and calvarial electrical injuries and propose a management algorithm.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study comprising all patients with electrical injuries of the scalp treated at the authors' center between January of 2010 and December of 2016. Noncontrast computed tomography scans were obtained to assess viability of the calvarium in patients who presented more than 2 weeks after injury. Single-stage débridement and reconstruction were performed. All nonviable soft tissue and bone was removed. Soft-tissue reconstruction was performed with skin grafts, local scalp flaps, pedicled trapezius flaps, and free flaps (anterolateral thigh, latissimus dorsi, and scapular). Cranioplasty was performed in a delayed manner with autologous bone grafts.
RESULTS
Over a 7-year period, a total of 52 patients underwent scalp reconstruction for high-voltage (44 patients) and low-voltage (eight patients) electrical injury. All patients underwent successful soft-tissue reconstruction. Osteomyelitis with draining sinuses developed in three patients; these patients underwent flap re-elevation and bone débridement, which resulted in a healed wound and stable reconstruction. Cranioplasty was performed with split calvarial grafts in two patients and split rib grafts in four patients. One patient underwent scalp tissue expansion for hair restoration.
CONCLUSION
The authors propose an algorithm for reconstruction of electrical injuries of the scalp. Thorough débridement of the calvarium is the most important determinant of a successful outcome.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, IV.
Topics: Algorithms; Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Scalp; Skin Transplantation; Soft Tissue Injuries; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35791281
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009452 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Mar 2023Scalp psoriatic itch is a common, bothersome, yet understudied, condition with numerous associated treatment challenges. The aim of this study was to enhance our...
Scalp psoriatic itch is a common, bothersome, yet understudied, condition with numerous associated treatment challenges. The aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of scalp psoriatic itch. Immunohistochemical analysis of known neuroimmune mediators of pruritus was conducted using scalp biopsies from 27 Hispanic psoriatic patients. Patients were categorized into mild/moderate or severe itch groups according to their itch intensity rating of scalp itch. Protease activated receptor (PAR2), substance P, transient receptor potential (TRP)V3, TRPM8 and interleukin-23 expression all correlated significantly with itch intensity. The pathophysiology of scalp psoriasis is largely non-histaminergic, mediated by PAR2, interleukin-23, transient receptor potential channels, and substance P.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Substance P; Pruritus; Psoriasis; Hispanic or Latino
PubMed: 36967545
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.4463 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences... Jun 2021Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss, little is known regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the AGA or scalp. This study aimed...
PURPOSE
Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss, little is known regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the AGA or scalp. This study aimed to analyze whether MRI for hair and scalp (MRH) can evaluate anatomical changes in the scalp caused by AGA.
METHODS
Twenty-seven volunteers were graded for the severity of AGA using the Hamilton-Norwood Scale (HNS), commonly used classification system. All subjects underwent MRH; two radiologists independently analyzed the images. As a quantitative measurement, the number of hair follicles was analyzed and compared with the HNS. As a qualitative analysis, each MRH scan was visually graded in terms of the severity of alopecia, using a 4-point MR severity score. The scores were compared with the HNS.
RESULTS
The volunteers were divided into two groups of 12 and 15 males without and with AGA at their vertex, respectively. Inter-observer agreements for the hair count and the MR severity score were excellent. The mean hair count on MRI in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the AGA group (P < 10). The MR severity score in the AGA group was significantly more severe than that in the control group (P < 10). In terms of the presence or absence of thinning hair, the MR severity score was consistent with the HNS determined by a plastic surgeon in 96% of cases. MR severity scores of clinically moderate AGA cases were significantly lower than those of severe cases (P = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
MRH could depict scalp anatomy showing a clear difference between AGA and normal scalps, in both hair count and subjective visual assessment. The MR severity score was in good agreement with the clinical stages by HNS. The results support the potential of MRH as a promising imaging technique for analyzing healthy and pathological scalps.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Scalp
PubMed: 32378681
DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2020-0026 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jan 2023Scalp conditions such as flaky or oily scalp affect people across ethnicities and age groups. In addition to flaking, increased sebum secretion, itching, and compromised... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Scalp conditions such as flaky or oily scalp affect people across ethnicities and age groups. In addition to flaking, increased sebum secretion, itching, and compromised scalp barrier function were described. Scalp conditions are aesthetically disturbing and may cause psychological distress in affected individuals who are looking for mild and effective treatment at the same time. Saccharide isomerate has a long history as a skin moisturizer, and it was found to improve skin barrier function, also suggesting possible beneficial effects on scalp.
AIMS
To provide relevant claim substantiation to introduce saccharide isomerate as a new scalp care active against scalp flaking condition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We conducted a placebo-controlled clinical study in an adult Chinese population affected by dandruff scalp as assessed by an adherent scalp flaking score. We monitored transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum secretion, and scalp flaking during 28 days.
RESULTS
Formulations containing Saccharide isomerate significantly improved all parameters both over time as well as compared to the placebo formulation.
CONCLUSION
We propose Saccharide isomerate for cosmetic formulations directed toward improving scalp conditions such as dandruff or oily scalp.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Scalp; Dandruff; Skin; Pruritus
PubMed: 35279940
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14913