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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015Female Pattern Hair Loss or female androgenetic alopecia is the main cause of hair loss in adult women and has a major impact on patients' quality of life. It evolves... (Review)
Review
Female Pattern Hair Loss or female androgenetic alopecia is the main cause of hair loss in adult women and has a major impact on patients' quality of life. It evolves from the progressive miniaturization of follicles that lead to a subsequent decrease of the hair density, leading to a non-scarring diffuse alopecia, with characteristic clinical, dermoscopic and histological patterns. In spite of the high frequency of the disease and the relevance of its psychological impact, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, being influenced by genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. In addition, response to treatment is variable. In this article, authors discuss the main clinical, epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of female pattern hair loss.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alopecia; Female; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Male; Scalp; Sex Factors
PubMed: 26375223
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153370 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Nov 2021This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connections between cerebral hemispheres and local brain regions functional activities in patients with acute... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connections between cerebral hemispheres and local brain regions functional activities in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with International Standard Scalp Acupuncture (ISSA). Thirty patients with middle cerebral artery AIS in the dominant hemisphere were selected and randomly divided into two groups such as the control group and the scalp acupuncture group, with 15 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, while patients in the scalp acupuncture group received ISSA (acupuncture at the parietal midline [MS5], acupuncture at the left anterior parietotemporal oblique line [MS6] and acupuncture at the left posterior parietotemporal oblique line [MS7]) for one course of treatment. All patients were evaluated for treatment efficacy and received whole brain resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) scan before and after treatment. The observational indicators included: (a) the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and the simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (SFMA) scores; (b) analyses of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). The results showed a significant difference in the NIHSS scores before and after treatment in the scalp acupuncture group compared with the control group (p < .05), indicating that patients improved better after scalp acupuncture treatment. Compared with the control group, the VMHC, ALFF and ReHo values in the scalp acupuncture group increased after treatment. The VMHC values increased in the brain regions dominated by bilateral BA6 and BA8; the ALFF values increased in the left BA39 and the adjacent superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus; and the ReHo values increased in the brain regions extending from left middle temporal gyrus (including BA21) to BA37, and the brain regions extending from the left BA40 and angular gyrus to BA7. The present study indicated that scalp acupuncture can specifically strengthen the functional activities of the brain regions related to sensory integration, language processing and motor coordination in the middle aged and elderly patients with AIS of the dominant cerebral hemisphere, and can strengthen bilateral frontal lobe motor control. This study may provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of ISSA treatment in patients with AIS, and may also provide a preliminary research basis for further animal experiments.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Aged; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Scalp; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 34431612
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24746 -
Biomolecules Apr 2023Plant-derived secondary metabolites (polyphenols/terpenes/alkaloids) and microbial exometabolites/membrane components of fermented tropical fruits are known as highly... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Plant-derived secondary metabolites (polyphenols/terpenes/alkaloids) and microbial exometabolites/membrane components of fermented tropical fruits are known as highly bioavailable biomolecules causing skin and hair improvement effects (wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiacne, skin/hair microbiota balancing, hair growth-promoting, and hair loss-inhibiting). Caffein is considered as a hair growth promoter. A randomized placebo- and caffein-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of fermented papaya (FP) plus fermented mangosteen (FM) towards human hair quality and loss was conducted. Shampoo and lotion hair care products containing FP, FM, and caffein as active agents were developed and applied to 154 subjects of both sexes with clinically confirmed androgenic or diffuse alopecia for 3 months. Their clinical efficacy was assessed subjectively by questionnaires filled in by dermatologists/trichologists, and by the objective trichomicroscopical calculations. Hair and scalp skin quality was determined by microbiota pattern and ATP, SH-groups, protein, and malonyl dialdehyde quantification. Comparative clinical data showed that the experimental hair care cosmetics significantly inhibited hair loss, increased hair density/thickness, and improved hair follicle structure versus placebo and caffein controls. The cosmetics with FP and FM substantially normalized the microbiota pattern and increased ATP content in hair follicle, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the scalp skin, and SH-group formation in the hair shaft.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adenosine Triphosphate; Fruit; Hair; Microbiota; Scalp; Alopecia; Fermentation
PubMed: 37189446
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040699 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Feb 2012Cutaneous meningioma is a rare tumor that most commonly occurs on the scalp and occurs in both congenital and acquired forms. It invokes a wide clinical differential... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous meningioma is a rare tumor that most commonly occurs on the scalp and occurs in both congenital and acquired forms. It invokes a wide clinical differential diagnosis, but diagnosis is based on characteristic histologic and cytologic findings. Congenital lesions can often present years after birth and even in adult patients. Acquired lesions occur in adulthood. We review histologic, cytologic, and electron microscopic findings and explore how these are used to separate this entity from other entities in the differential diagnosis. While ultrastructural and cytologic findings are similar to those of more common intracranial meningiomas, these tumors exhibit a range of histologic differences. A lack of awareness of this entity precludes correct diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 22288971
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2010-0505-RS -
BioMed Research International 2019Scalp pruritus is a frequent problem encountered in dermatological practice. This disorder is caused by various underlying diseases and is a diagnostic and therapeutic... (Review)
Review
Scalp pruritus is a frequent problem encountered in dermatological practice. This disorder is caused by various underlying diseases and is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Scalp pruritus may be localized to the scalp or extended to other body areas. It is sometimes not only associated with skin diseases or specific skin changes, but also associated with lesions secondary to rubbing or scratching. Moreover, scalp pruritus may be difficult to diagnose and manage and may have a great impact on the quality of life of patients. It can be classified as dermatologic, neuropathic, systemic, and psychogenic scalp pruritus based on the potential underlying disease. A thorough evaluation of patients presenting with scalp pruritus is important. Taking history and performing physical examination and further investigations are essential for diagnosis. Therapeutic strategy comprises removal of the aggravating factors and appropriate treatment of the underlying condition. All treatments should be performed considering an individual approach. This review article focuses on the understanding of the pathophysiology and the diagnostic and therapeutic management of scalp pruritus.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pruritus; Quality of Life; Scalp; Skin
PubMed: 30766878
DOI: 10.1155/2019/1268430 -
Experimental Dermatology Dec 2011Scalp pruritus is a common complaint that is considered a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging situation. Scalp skin has a unique neural structure that... (Review)
Review
Scalp pruritus is a common complaint that is considered a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging situation. Scalp skin has a unique neural structure that contains densely innervated hair follicles and dermal vasculature. In spite of the recent advances in our understanding of itch pathophysiology, scalp itching has not been studied as yet. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the neurobiology of scalp and hair follicles as well as itch mediators and provide a putative mechanism for scalp itch with special emphasis on neuroanatomy and pathophysiology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pruritus; Scalp; Sebum
PubMed: 22092575
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01389.x -
Skin Therapy Letter Jul 2022Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous condition found on chronically sun-damaged skin, particularly on the face, scalp, arms, and legs. Early and effective... (Review)
Review
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous condition found on chronically sun-damaged skin, particularly on the face, scalp, arms, and legs. Early and effective treatment of AKs is important to prevent progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Many topical treatments for AKs are often limited because of poor tolerability, prolonged treatment duration, and reduced adherence. Tirbanibulin 1% ointment, a new topical field therapy for AKs, reduces these issues. It requires a consecutive 5-day application period and is effective, demonstrating complete (100%) clearance of AK lesions in 49% of patients, partial (>75%) clearance in 72%, and a median reduction in lesion count of 87.5% while exhibiting a favorable safety profile, mild adverse events, improved tolerability, and long-term results.
Topics: Acetamides; Administration, Topical; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Morpholines; Pyridines; Scalp; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35857917
DOI: No ID Found -
BioMed Research International 2020Large scalp defects, especially those complicated by calvarial defects, titanium mesh exposure, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, pose a challenge for the neurosurgeon...
BACKGROUND
Large scalp defects, especially those complicated by calvarial defects, titanium mesh exposure, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, pose a challenge for the neurosurgeon and plastic surgeon. Here, we describe our experience of reconstructing the complex scalp defect with free flap transfer.
METHODS
From October 2012 to September 2017, 8 patients underwent free flap transfer for the reconstruction of the scalp or complicated scalp and calvarial defects. Five patients presented with scalp tumor and the other 3 patients with scalp necrosis or ulceration (2 patients with titanium plate exposure). Seven anterolateral thigh flaps and one radial forearm flap were harvested and employed. The clinical data, including defect characteristics, flap type, complications, and outcomes, were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS
Five patients were pathologically diagnosed with malignant tumor, and 3 of them were given further radiotherapy. For the 2 patients with exposure of titanium plate, no titanium plate was removed. For the patient with scalp necrosis after decompressive craniectomy accompanied by CSF leakage, the CSF leak was stopped after reconstruction. The size of the flaps ranged from 3 to 14 cm in width and 4 to 18 cm in length. No flap failure occurred in these cases. From follow-up to the present, no ulceration or necrosis occurred.
CONCLUSIONS
Free flap transfer is an ideal method for the reconstruction of large, complicated scalp defects with a one-stage operation. The anterolateral thigh flap is favored because of its durability, adjustability, water tightness, and infection prevention.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32382540
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2748219 -
Acta Medica Okayama Aug 2018Electroencephalography (EEG) examines the functional state of the brain. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the ripple (80-200/250 Hz) and fast ripple... (Review)
Review
Electroencephalography (EEG) examines the functional state of the brain. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the ripple (80-200/250 Hz) and fast ripple (200/250-500/600 Hz) bands have recently been attracting attention, and their recording has been enabled by advancements in digital EEG techniques. The detection of HFOs was previously limited to intracranial EEG, but fast oscillations (FOs) in the gamma (40-80 Hz) and ripple bands can now be detected over the scalp. HFOs and FOs have been shown to be related to epileptogenicity in intracranial EEG and scalp EEG, respectively. A large number of FOs are found in the scalp EEGs of pediatric patients with various epileptic encephalopathies, particularly West syndrome. FOs are suggested to be a biomarker of the epileptogenic cortical region in epilepsy surgery. FOs are detectable even in patients with idiopathic focal epilepsies, including benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and Panayiotopoulos syndrome, who are not generally candidates for operation. The detection of HFOs and FOs may provide clues to the pathophysiology of epilepsy and the relationship between HFOs and cognitive dysfunction.
Topics: Cognition; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Prognosis; Scalp
PubMed: 30140078
DOI: 10.18926/AMO/56166 -
The British Journal of Radiology May 2012Disorders of the scalp often result in severe cosmetic interference with quality of life, creating the need for optimal medical surveillance. We tested the latest... (Review)
Review
Disorders of the scalp often result in severe cosmetic interference with quality of life, creating the need for optimal medical surveillance. We tested the latest generation of ultrasound machines in patients with scalp pathology and prepared a cross-sectional library encompassing a wide assortment of conditions. Normative data on the sonographic anatomy of scalp and human hair, and important methodological considerations, are also included.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Eyelashes; Female; Hair; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses; Skin Neoplasms; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 22253348
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/22636640