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Experimental Dermatology Jul 2023Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), also referred to as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, with 80% of men...
Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), also referred to as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, with 80% of men suffering from this condition in their lifetime. In MPHL, the hair line recedes to a specific part of the scalp which cannot be accurately predicted. Hair is lost from the front, vertex, and the crown, yet temporal and occipital follicles remain. The visual effect of hair loss is due to hair follicle miniaturisation, where terminal hair follicles become dimensionally smaller. Miniaturisation is also characterised by a shortening of the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen), and a prolongation of the dormant phase (kenogen). Together, these changes result in the production of thinner and shorter hair fibres, referred to as miniaturised or vellus hairs. It remains unclear why miniaturisation occurs in this specific pattern, with frontal follicles being susceptible while occipital follicles remain in a terminal state. One main factor we believe to be at play, which will be discussed in this viewpoint, is the developmental origin of the skin and hair follicle dermis on different regions of the scalp.
Topics: Male; Humans; Alopecia; Hair; Hair Follicle; Scalp; Skin
PubMed: 37237288
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14839 -
JAMA Dermatology Nov 2021Recognizing segmental infantile hemangioma (IH) patterns is important for risk stratification and provides clues to pathogenesis. Previously, segmental hemangiomas were...
IMPORTANCE
Recognizing segmental infantile hemangioma (IH) patterns is important for risk stratification and provides clues to pathogenesis. Previously, segmental hemangiomas were mapped to 4 facial regions, 3 corresponding to known facial metameres.
OBJECTIVES
To refine existing maps of facial segmental IHs, examine so-called indeterminate hemangiomas as they relate to known segmental patterns, and define a novel pattern of segmental scalp hemangiomas.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 4 pediatric dermatology centers (University of California, San Francisco; Indiana University; Medical College of Wisconsin; and Northwestern University/Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago) using photographic archives of patients younger than 12 years with segmental and indeterminate hemangiomas on the face and scalp. Clinical images were used to map hemangioma distribution onto standardized facial templates. Heat map densiometry identified recurrent patterns that were compared with previously published patterns of facial segmental hemangiomas. Patterns of indeterminate hemangiomas were compared with those of segmental hemangiomas. Data collection took place in 2017, and analysis took place from 2017 to 2019.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Distribution and patterning of segmental and indeterminate IHs of the face and scalp.
RESULTS
A total of 549 IHs were mapped. The borders of the frontotemporal (S1) and frontonasal (S4) segments agreed with previous segmental maps; however, the maxillary (S2) and mandibular (S3) segment borders differed with respect to the preauricular skin. In contrast with previous reports, preauricular skin segregated with the mandibular (S3) rather than the maxillary (S2) segment. Indeterminate hemangiomas occurred within and respected the same borders as segmental hemangiomas. Hemangiomas on the lateral scalp commonly occurred in a C shape extending from the posterior auricular region.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This cohort study provides an updated map of facial segmental IHs with redefined maxillary (S2) and mandibular (S3) segment borders. It provides evidence that indeterminate hemangiomas are partial segmental hemangiomas respecting anatomic boundaries of their larger segmental counterparts. A newly recognized C-shaped pattern of segmental scalp hemangioma is reported.
Topics: Child; Cohort Studies; Face; Hemangioma; Humans; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34550297
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3479 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Aug 2023Age-related changes in scalp parameters affect hair quality and scalp condition. However, detailed data on biophysical parameters of the scalp across age groups remain...
BACKGROUND
Age-related changes in scalp parameters affect hair quality and scalp condition. However, detailed data on biophysical parameters of the scalp across age groups remain scarce. We aimed to investigate the differences in scalp parameters between individuals in their 20s and 50s and analyze their sex-specific variations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred participants (160 women and 40 men) were equally divided into 20s and 50s age groups. Biophysical parameters of the scalp, including elasticity, pH, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum production, desquamation, firmness, redness, and yellowness, were measured in the vertex, occipital, and temporal regions. Hair density and thickness were measured in the temporal region. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin was noninvasively measured in a subset of 60 women.
RESULTS
Skin firmness and redness increased with age in women, whereas yellowness increased with age in both sexes. Sebum production and pH levels were significantly lower in the 50s age group than in the 20s age group, particularly in women. TEWL was lower in men in their 50s than in those in their 20s, particularly in the occipital region. A significant reduction in hair density was observed in the 50s age group in both sexes. AGE accumulation in the skin increased with age and was correlated with scalp skin yellowness.
CONCLUSION
Age-related changes in scalp parameters have important implications for hair health and scalp condition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age and sex when developing hair care strategies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Scalp; Skin; Hair; Epidermis; Biophysics
PubMed: 37632187
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13433 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2020This study was designed to characterize the location, morphology and ultrastructure of telocytes (TCs) in human scalp tissue. After obtaining approval for this study and...
This study was designed to characterize the location, morphology and ultrastructure of telocytes (TCs) in human scalp tissue. After obtaining approval for this study and informed consent from the patient, a scalp specimen was obtained. The distribution and morphology of TCs in human scalp tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of CD34 and CD117/c-KIT, and the ultrastructure of TCs was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemical staining of CD34 revealed that TCs were located in the connective tissue of human scalp, and were concentrated around hair follicles (HFs), blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and adipose lobules. Immunohistochemical staining of CD117 revealed that TCs were mainly located in the dermis of human scalp, surrounding the HFs and sweat glands. Under TEM, TCs were seen and confirmed by their special morphological features. These cells were spindle-shaped, had small cell bodies and long thin processes, and surrounded stem cell clusters in the bulge region of HFs. These results demonstrate that TCs in human scalp were positive for CD34 and CD117, and their strategic positioning surrounding stem cells suggests their possible involvement in local regeneration, remodeling and homeostasis of the skin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Antigens, CD34; Hair Follicle; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Regeneration; Scalp; Sweat Glands; Telocytes; Young Adult
PubMed: 32015359
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58628-w -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Genitalia; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 37657837
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22100 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Apr 2022Neurological disorders are a major source of suffering for patients worldwide. Scalp stimulation methods have been widely applied in treating a number of neurological...
BACKGROUND
Neurological disorders are a major source of suffering for patients worldwide. Scalp stimulation methods have been widely applied in treating a number of neurological disorders. Recently, our understanding of pathological mechanisms associated with neurological disorders has been enhanced significantly. Nevertheless, these findings have yet to be well-integrated into scalp stimulation treatments for neurological disorders.
METHODS
In a previous study, we proposed new brain targets for scalp stimulation in the treatment of eight common mental disorders based on the results of a large-scale meta-analyses using Neurosynth. This study aims to extend our previous findings in identifying surface brain targets for seven common neurological disorders: Alzheimer's disease, aphasia, chronic pain, dementia, dyslexia, mild cognitive impairment, and Parkinson's disease, utilizing a similar method.
RESULTS
We hidentified seven to eight potential scalp stimulation targets for each disorder and used both 10-20 EEG system and acupuncture points to locate these targets to facilitate its clinical application.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed target protocols may facilitate and extend clinical applications of scalp stimulation methods such as transcranial electrical stimulation and scalp acupuncture in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Scalp; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 35633164
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2103083 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Jan 2024With the development of modern medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine began to be produced and applied. Scalp acupuncture (SA)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
With the development of modern medicine, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with western medicine began to be produced and applied. Scalp acupuncture (SA) as a Chinese medicine based on neurological theory, has a great advantage compared with TCM in the treatment of nervous system diseases.
METHOD
In this paper, we analyze the physiological and pathological manifestations of sexual dimorphism (SD) to illustrate the necessity of SD treatment. In addition, we review the factors that can affect SD and analyze in physiological structure, function, and pathological neurons. Diseases (pathological basis, pathological manifestations, and incidence) and factors leading to gender differences, which to analyze the possibility of gender differences in SA.
RESULT
Furthermore, we creatively a new insight of SD-SA and provide the complete SD treatment cases on the basis of the existing SA in different kinds of diseases including stroke, migraine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and depression.
CONCLUSION
In summary, we believe that it is feasible to improve the clinical effectiveness of SA, which is able to promote the development of SA, and then provides an actionable evidence for the promotion of precision medicine in the future.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Acupuncture Therapy; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 37665197
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14447 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Oct 2022Numerous details regarding preoperative planning of scalp expansion are of the utmost importance for maximizing the results of this procedure.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Numerous details regarding preoperative planning of scalp expansion are of the utmost importance for maximizing the results of this procedure.
METHODS
The purpose of this paper is to describe the tips and tricks useful for obtaining the best results in scalp expansion.
RESULTS
Basic concepts and operative technique are discussed and detailed.
CONCLUSIONS
In scalp reconstruction, the use of tissue expansion allows to obtain successful results, Anyhow, it is mandatory to follow some basic rules, dictated by anatomical, technical, and psychological considerations.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Tissue Expansion
PubMed: 36300222
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i5.13393 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023There has been no validated tool for objectively quantifying the overall condition and characteristics of the scalp. This study aimed to establish and validate a new...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
There has been no validated tool for objectively quantifying the overall condition and characteristics of the scalp. This study aimed to establish and validate a new classification and scoring system for evaluating scalp conditions.
METHODS
The Scalp Photographic Index (SPI) using a trichoscope grades five features of scalp conditions (dryness, oiliness, erythema, folliculitis, and dandruff) on a score of 0-3. To evaluate the validity of SPI, SPI grading was performed by three experts on the scalps of 100 subjects along with a dermatologist's assessment of the scalps and a scalp-related symptom survey. For reliability assessment, 20 healthcare providers performed SPI grading for the 95 selected photographs of the scalp.
RESULTS
SPI grading and the dermatologist's scalp assessment showed good correlations for all five scalp features. Warmth showed a significant correlation with all features of SPI and the subjects' perception of a scalp pimple had a significant positive correlation with the folliculitis feature. SPI grading demonstrated good reliability with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's = 0.90) and strong inter- and intra-rater reliability (Kendall's = 0.84, ICC(3,1)=0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
SPI is an objective, reproducible, and validated numeric system for classifying and scoring scalp conditions.
Topics: Humans; Folliculitis; Photography; Reproducibility of Results; Scalp; Surveys and Questionnaires; Skin Diseases; Health Status Indicators
PubMed: 36809147
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2181655 -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2023In Europe, a great number of investigations and studies followed up to develop safer techniques performed by physicians only. Successful dedicated medical protocols...
OBJECTIVE
In Europe, a great number of investigations and studies followed up to develop safer techniques performed by physicians only. Successful dedicated medical protocols included the implant of single fibers with extractable root. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of biocompatible artificial hair implants in patients with androgenetic alopecia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
682 patients (488 males and 184 females) aged between 25 and 70 years old, with diagnosed AGA, requiring no invasive nor surgical hair restoration, with problems of baldness and refusing surgical options appealed to the Second Opinion Medical Consulting (Modena, Italy), and were included in the present protocol. Before the treatment, all patients underwent a test implant to rule out hypersensitivity by implanting 100 fibers on a selected skin spot. If no reaction was detected, five weeks later 500-1,200 fibers were further implanted per session at a minimum interval of 5 weeks until the required aesthetic result was achieved.
RESULTS
The average number of sessions for each patient was 5. The average number of implanted fibers was 2,100 (ranging from 800 to 12,000). The treated scalp area returned to normal appearance and tenderness in 3 days.
CONCLUSIONS
The socio-phycological benefit and the life quality improvement of our patients have been the focus of the study. On our side, the accurate selection, small hair units for each implant session, customized dermatological consultation and the use of highly biocompatible fibers have been the proper strategy to achieve the goal.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Hair; Alopecia; Scalp; Prosthesis Implantation; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 37129328
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31336