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Scientific Reports Aug 2023A normative electrographic activity map could be a powerful resource to understand normal brain function and identify abnormal activity. Here, we present a normative...
A normative electrographic activity map could be a powerful resource to understand normal brain function and identify abnormal activity. Here, we present a normative brain map using scalp EEG in terms of relative band power. In this exploratory study we investigate its temporal stability, its similarity to other imaging modalities, and explore a potential clinical application. We constructed scalp EEG normative maps of brain dynamics from 17 healthy controls using source-localised resting-state scalp recordings. We then correlated these maps with those acquired from MEG and intracranial EEG to investigate their similarity. Lastly, we use the normative maps to lateralise abnormal regions in epilepsy. Spatial patterns of band powers were broadly consistent with previous literature and stable across recordings. Scalp EEG normative maps were most similar to other modalities in the alpha band, and relatively similar across most bands. Towards a clinical application in epilepsy, we found abnormal temporal regions ipsilateral to the epileptogenic hemisphere. Scalp EEG relative band power normative maps are spatially stable across time, in keeping with MEG and intracranial EEG results. Normative mapping is feasible and may be potentially clinically useful in epilepsy. Future studies with larger sample sizes and high-density EEG are now required for validation.
Topics: Scalp; Electroencephalography; Brain Mapping; Electrocorticography; Brain
PubMed: 37596291
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39700-7 -
Indian Pediatrics Jun 2017
Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Hip; Humans; Hyperphosphatemia; Infant; Scalp; Shoulder
PubMed: 28667736
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1062-x -
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... Dec 2023Cortical visualization is essential to understand the dynamic changes in brain microenvironment under physiopathological conditions. However, the turbid scalp and skull...
Cortical visualization is essential to understand the dynamic changes in brain microenvironment under physiopathological conditions. However, the turbid scalp and skull severely limit the imaging depth and resolution. Existing cranial windows require invasive scalp excision and various subsequent skull treatments. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of skull bone marrow, meninges, and cortex through scalp and skull with high resolution yet remains a challenge. In this work, a non-invasive trans-scalp/skull optical clearing imaging window is proposed for cortical and calvarial imaging, which is achieved by applying a novel skin optical clearing reagent. The imaging depth and resolution are greatly enhanced in near infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography imaging. Combining this imaging window with adaptive optics, we achieve the visualization and manipulation of the calvarial and cortical microenvironment through the scalp and skull using two-photon imaging for the first time. Our method provides a well-performed imaging window and paves the way for intravital brain studies with the advantages of easy-operation, convenience and non-invasiveness.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Scalp; Skull; Brain; Optical Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 36999642
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X231167729 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2017Trichoscopy has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of various diseases that affect the hair and scalp. Through dermatoscopy we identified a set of findings that...
Trichoscopy has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of various diseases that affect the hair and scalp. Through dermatoscopy we identified a set of findings that share a circular shape of hair shafts. The objective of this study is to distinguish among the various forms of circular hairs in order to identify their peculiarities and to describe in which skin disorders they can be found.
Topics: Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Hair; Hair Diseases; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 29364454
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176487 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Hair quality is easily affected by the scalp moisture content, and hair loss and dandruff will occur when the scalp surface becomes dry. Therefore, it is essential to...
Hair quality is easily affected by the scalp moisture content, and hair loss and dandruff will occur when the scalp surface becomes dry. Therefore, it is essential to monitor scalp moisture content constantly. In this study, we developed a hat-shaped device equipped with wearable sensors that can continuously collect scalp data in daily life for estimating scalp moisture with machine learning. We established four machine learning models, two based on learning with non-time-series data and two based on learning with time-series data collected by the hat-shaped device. Learning data were obtained in a specially designed space with a controlled environmental temperature and humidity. The inter-subject evaluation showed a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 8.50 using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with 5-fold cross-validation with 15 subjects. Moreover, the intra-subject evaluation showed an average MAE of 3.29 in all subjects using Random Forest (RF). The achievement of this study is using a hat-shaped device with cheap wearable sensors attached to estimate scalp moisture content, which avoids the purchase of a high-priced moisture meter or a professional scalp analyzer for individuals.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Humidity; Machine Learning; Random Forest; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 37430880
DOI: 10.3390/s23104965 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2019To estimate the neural generators of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals, MEG data have to be co-registered with an anatomical image, typically an MR image....
To estimate the neural generators of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals, MEG data have to be co-registered with an anatomical image, typically an MR image. Optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) enable the construction of on-scalp MEG systems providing higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than conventional SQUID-based MEG systems. We present a co-registration method that can be applied to on-scalp MEG systems, regardless of the number of sensors. We apply a structured-light scanner to create a surface mesh of the subject's head and the sensor array, which we fit to the MR image. We quantified the reproducibility of the mesh and localised current dipoles with a phantom. Additionally, we measured somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) to median nerve stimulation and compared the dipole positions between on-scalp and SQUID-based systems. The scanner reproduced the head surface with <1 mm error. Phantom dipoles were localised with 2.1 mm mean error. SEF dipoles corresponding to the P35m response for OPMs were well localised to the somatosensory cortex, while SQUID dipoles for two subjects were erroneously localised to the motor cortex. The developed co-registration method is inexpensive, fast and can easily be applied to on-scalp MEG. It is more convenient than traditional co-registration methods while also being more accurate.
Topics: Adult; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Male; Phantoms, Imaging; Scalp
PubMed: 30940844
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41763-4 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2018Several scalp microbiome studies from different populations have revealed the association of dandruff with bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. However, the functional role...
Several scalp microbiome studies from different populations have revealed the association of dandruff with bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. However, the functional role of scalp microbiota in scalp disorders and health remains scarcely explored. Here, we examined the bacterial and fungal diversity of the scalp microbiome and their potential functional role in the healthy and dandruff scalp of 140 Indian women. and emerged as the core bacterial species, where the former was associated with a healthy scalp and the latter with dandruff scalp. Along with the commonly occurring species ( and ) on the scalp, a strikingly high association of dandruff with yet uncharacterized species was observed in the core mycobiome. Functional analysis showed that the fungal microbiome was enriched in pathways majorly implicated in cell-host adhesion in the dandruff scalp, while the bacterial microbiome showed a conspicuous enrichment of pathways related to the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, biotin, and other B-vitamins, which are reported as essential nutrients for hair growth. A systematic measurement of scalp clinical and physiological parameters was also carried out, which showed significant correlations with the microbiome and their associated functional pathways. The results point toward a new potential role of bacterial commensals in maintaining the scalp nutrient homoeostasis and highlights an important and yet unknown role of the scalp microbiome, similar to the gut microbiome. This study, therefore, provides new perspectives on the better understanding of the pathophysiology of dandruff.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Dandruff; Female; Fungi; Humans; India; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Scalp; Symbiosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 30338244
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00346 -
Neurosurgical Review Jun 2021Combined scalp and skull deficiency due to malignant scalp tumors or sequelae of intracranial surgery present challenging entities for both neurosurgeons and...
Combined scalp and skull deficiency due to malignant scalp tumors or sequelae of intracranial surgery present challenging entities for both neurosurgeons and reconstructive treatment. In complex cases, an interdisciplinary approach is needed between neurosurgeons and cranio-maxillofacial surgeons. We present a considerably large series for which we identify typical complications and pitfalls and provide evidence for the importance of an interdisciplinary algorithm for chronic wound healing complications and malignomas of the scalp and skull. We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated by the department of neurosurgery and cranio-maxillofacial surgery at our hospital for complex scalp deficiencies and malignant scalp tumors affecting the skull between 2006 and 2019, and extracted data on demographics, surgical technique, and perioperative complications. Thirty-seven patients were treated. Most cases were operated simultaneously (n: 32) and 6 cases in a staged procedure. Nineteen patients obtained a free flap for scalp reconstruction, 15 were treated with local axial flaps, and 3 patients underwent full thickness skin graft treatment. Complications occurred in 62% of cases, mostly related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation disorders. New cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disturbances occurred in 8 patients undergoing free flaps and shunt dysfunction occurred in 5 patients undergoing local axial flaps. Four patients died shortly after the surgical procedure (perioperative mortality 10.8%). Combined scalp and skull deficiency present a challenging task. An interdisciplinary treatment helps to prevent severe and specialty-specific complications, such as hydrocephalus. We therefore recommend a close neurological observation after reconstructive treatment with focus on symptoms of CSF disturbances.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Patient Care Team; Postoperative Cognitive Complications; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Scalp; Skin Transplantation; Skull; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 32648016
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01347-7 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This bacillus has a high predilection for skin and peripheral nerves. The scalp's anatomical...
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This bacillus has a high predilection for skin and peripheral nerves. The scalp's anatomical properties do not favor the development of such mycobacterium. We report a case of leprosy with scalp involvement, a rare occurrence in our literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Alopecia; Biopsy; Humans; Leprosy, Multibacillary; Male; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 28300899
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164391 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,...
Topics: Humans; Scalp; Scalp Dermatoses; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 37067116
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_936_2022