-
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Sep 2019Despite the great media attention for artificial intelligence (AI), for many health care professionals the term and the functioning of AI remain a "black box," leading... (Review)
Review
Despite the great media attention for artificial intelligence (AI), for many health care professionals the term and the functioning of AI remain a "black box," leading to exaggerated expectations on the one hand and unfounded fears on the other. In this review, we provide a conceptual classification and a brief summary of the technical fundamentals of AI. Possible applications are discussed on the basis of a typical work flow in medical imaging, grouped by planning, scanning, interpretation, and reporting. The main limitations of current AI techniques, such as issues with interpretability or the need for large amounts of annotated data, are briefly addressed. Finally, we highlight the possible impact of AI on the nuclear medicine profession, the associated challenges and, last but not least, the opportunities.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Machine Learning; Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 31481587
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220590 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Aug 2021Nuclear medicine parathyroid imaging is important in the identification of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), but it may be also...
INTRODUCTION
Nuclear medicine parathyroid imaging is important in the identification of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), but it may be also valuable before surgical treatment in secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). Parathyroid radionuclide imaging with scintigraphy or positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive procedure for the assessment of the presence and number of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, located either at typical sites or ectopically. The treatment of pHPT is mostly directed toward minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, especially in cases with a single adenoma. In experienced hands, successful surgery depends mainly on the exact preoperative localization of one or more hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenomas. Failure to preoperatively identify the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland challenges minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and might require bilateral open neck exploration.
METHODS
Over a decade has now passed since the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) issued the first edition of the guideline on parathyroid imaging, and a number of new insights and techniques have been developed since. The aim of the present document is to provide state-of-the-art guidelines for nuclear medicine physicians performing parathyroid scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with pHPT, as well as in those with sHPT.
CONCLUSION
These guidelines are written and authorized by the EANM to promote optimal parathyroid imaging. They will assist nuclear medicine physicians in the detection and correct localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions.
Topics: Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Nuclear Medicine; Parathyroid Glands; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
PubMed: 33839893
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05334-y -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021The purpose of this Chapter is to present a detailed description of methods for performing bone Micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) scanning and analysis. MicroCT is an...
The purpose of this Chapter is to present a detailed description of methods for performing bone Micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) scanning and analysis. MicroCT is an x-ray imaging method capable of visualizing bone at the micro-structural scale, that is, 1-100 µm resolution. MicroCT is the gold-standard method for assessment of 3D bone morphology in studies of small animals. As applied to the small bones of mice or rats, microCT can efficiently and accurately assess bone structure (e.g., cortical bone area [Ct.Ar]) and micro-structure (e.g., trabecular bone volume fraction [Tb.BV/TV]). The particular application described herein is for post mortem mouse femur specimens. The material presented should be generally applicable to many commercially available laboratory microCT systems, although some details are specific to the system used in our lab (Scanco mCT 40; SCANCO Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland).
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Femur; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mice; Radionuclide Imaging; Skull; Tibia; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 33197015
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_11 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Sep 2019In this article, we provide an overview of established and emerging conventional nuclear medicine and PET imaging biomarkers, as the diagnostic nuclear medicine... (Review)
Review
In this article, we provide an overview of established and emerging conventional nuclear medicine and PET imaging biomarkers, as the diagnostic nuclear medicine portfolio is rapidly expanding. Next, we review briefly nuclear theranostic approaches that have already entered or are about to enter clinical routine. Using some approximations and taking into account emerging applications, we also provide some simplified business forecasts for nuclear theranostics. We argue that an optimistic outlook by the nuclear medicine community is crucial to the growth of the specialty and emphasize the urgent need for training adaptations.
Topics: Biomarkers; Forecasting; Humans; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Specialization
PubMed: 31481589
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220558 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... Apr 2017Skeletal scintigraphy remains a valuable tool in the initial and subsequent evaluation of the skeletal system in patients with a diagnosis of primary or metastatic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Skeletal scintigraphy remains a valuable tool in the initial and subsequent evaluation of the skeletal system in patients with a diagnosis of primary or metastatic neoplasms.
METHODS
We discuss radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine imaging techniques, and current as well as future oncological applications in the adult population. Pertinent literature was reviewed to describe the advantages and limitations of available technologies for the evaluation of skeletal metastatic disease. Evaluation of primary and metastatic skeletal disease using nuclear medicine and positron emission tomography techniques is discussed.
RESULTS
Skeletal scintigraphy provides valuable information in the initial evaluation for the presence of osteoblastic skeletal metastases. Incremental advances on available radiopharmaceuticals (fludeoxyglucose F 18, sodium fluoride F 18), coupled with advances in imaging techniques and imaging devices (single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging), have had a significant impact on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for the detection of skeletal metastases.
CONCLUSIONS
Skeletal scintigraphy has a significant role in the initial diagnosis, staging, restaging, and treatment monitoring of patients with cancer and primary skeletal or metastatic disease. The coupling of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine agents in the setting of osteoblastic skeletal metastases is a valuable tool for the treatment for certain cancer types, including prostate cancer, and may become more widely used to treat other histologies as more data on other tumor types (eg, breast cancer, osteosarcoma) become available.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 28441368
DOI: 10.1177/107327481702400206 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Mar 2021
Topics: Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 33658250
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jul 2021
Topics: Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 33893192
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262441 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2019
Review
Topics: Gastric Emptying; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Stomach
PubMed: 31167827
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.227892 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Jan 2019Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is a functional imaging biomarker that has the potential of captivating the heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease... (Review)
Review
Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is a functional imaging biomarker that has the potential of captivating the heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It specifically images the distribution of ventilation and perfusion within the lungs, which is a critical pathophysiological component of COPD. The extent of ventilation defects and ventilation inhomogeneity, as well as the ventilation-perfusion ratio distribution thus correlate with severity of disease. Furthermore, specific scintigraphic patterns, such as the "stripe sign" may detect centrilobular emphysematous lesions with a higher sensitivity than other imaging techniques. Although ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy may conceivably detect COPD before any specific changes can be detected by spirometry or high-resolution CT, it is currently mostly used in the workup of lung volume reduction treatment, and for diagnosing various complications and comorbidities of COPD when combined with low-dose CT.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Lung; Organ Size; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Radionuclide Imaging; Ventilation-Perfusion Scan
PubMed: 30545511
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.10.010 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2022Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammation that affects multiple organ systems. The spectrum of extraocular and ocular involvement is wide and may precede... (Review)
Review
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammation that affects multiple organ systems. The spectrum of extraocular and ocular involvement is wide and may precede systemic involvement. The diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis relies on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory investigations, and radiographic findings. These include but are not limited to serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), lysozyme, plain-film radiographs of the chest, computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, pulmonary function testing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and retinal imaging among others. In this review, we highlight current and evolving systemic investigations and approaches to ophthalmic imaging when considering the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis.
Topics: Endophthalmitis; Humans; Radiography; Radionuclide Imaging; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Uveitis
PubMed: 35325997
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2830_21