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Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2019
Review
Topics: Gastric Emptying; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Stomach
PubMed: 31167827
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.227892 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Mar 2022Apoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological... (Review)
Review
Apoptosis was a natural, non-inflammatory, energy-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) that can be discovered in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Based on its characteristic biochemical changes, a great number of apoptosis probes for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. Radionuclide imaging with these tracers were potential for the repetitive and selective detection of apoptotic cell death in vivo, without the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, we overviewed molecular mechanism and specific biochemical changes in apoptotic cells and summarized the existing tracers that have been used in clinical trials as well as their potentialities and limitations. Particularly, we highlighted the clinic applications of apoptosis imaging as diagnostic markers, early-response indicators, and prognostic predictors in multiple disease fields.
Topics: Apoptosis; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 34873639
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05641-4 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2016Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion of radioactive iodine-131 (I131) and subsequent I123 and I124 positron emission tomography (PET) in therapy and examination, I124 PET-based 3-dimensional imaging, Ga68-labeled [1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI(3)-octreotide (DOTANOC) PET/computed tomography (CT), Tc99m tetrofosmin, pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have all been used clinically. These novel methods are useful in diagnosis and therapy of TC, but also have unavoidable adverse effects. In this review, we will discuss the development of nuclear medicine in TC examination and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 27100499
DOI: 10.2741/4449 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Dec 2020
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Thallium Radioisotopes; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 33293431
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251439 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... May 1964
Topics: Contrast Media; Fluoroscopy; Hydronephrosis; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Iodine Isotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Pelvis; Radioisotope Renography; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Urinary Catheterization; Urography
PubMed: 14169738
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.82.316 -
PeerJ 2022Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used application in biomechanical studies of both extant and fossil taxa to assess stress and strain in solid structures such...
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used application in biomechanical studies of both extant and fossil taxa to assess stress and strain in solid structures such as bone. FEA can be performed on 3D structures that are generated using various methods, including computed tomography (CT) scans and surface scans. While previous palaeobiological studies have used both CT scanned models and surface scanned models, little research has evaluated to what degree FE results may vary when CT scans and surface scans of the same object are compared. Surface scans do not preserve the internal geometries of 3D structures, which are typically preserved in CT scans. Here, we created 3D models from CT scans and surface scans of the same specimens (crania and mandibles of a Nile crocodile, a green sea turtle, and a monitor lizard) and performed FEA under identical loading parameters. It was found that once surface scanned models are solidified, they output stress and strain distributions and model deformations comparable to their CT scanned counterparts, though differing by notable stress and strain magnitudes in some cases, depending on morphology of the specimen and the degree of reconstruction applied. Despite similarities in overall mechanical behaviour, surface scanned models can differ in exterior shape compared to CT scanned models due to inaccuracies that can occur during scanning and reconstruction, resulting in local differences in stress distribution. Solid-fill surface scanned models generally output lower stresses compared to CT scanned models due to their compact interiors, which must be accounted for in studies that use both types of scans.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Mandible; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Mathematics; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 36042861
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13760 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Jan 2022Two-photon and confocal microscopy can obtain high frame rates; however, mosaic imaging of large tissue specimens remains time-consuming and inefficient, with higher...
SIGNIFICANCE
Two-photon and confocal microscopy can obtain high frame rates; however, mosaic imaging of large tissue specimens remains time-consuming and inefficient, with higher imaging rates leading to a larger fraction of time wasted translating between imaging locations. Strip scanning obtains faster mosaic imaging rates by translating a specimen at constant velocity through a line scanner at the expense of more complex stitching and geometric distortion due to the difficulty of translating at completely constant velocity.
AIM
We aim to develop an approach to mosaic imaging that can obtain higher accuracy and faster imaging rates while reducing computational complexity.
APPROACH
We introduce an approach based on scanner-synchronous position sampling that enables subwavelength accurate imaging of specimens moving at a nonuniform velocity, eliminating distortion.
RESULTS
We demonstrate that this approach increases mosaic imaging rates while reducing computational complexity, retaining high SNR, and retaining geometric accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS
Scanner synchronous strip scanning enables accurate, high-speed mosaic imaging of large specimens by reducing acquisition and processing time.
Topics: Microscopy, Confocal; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 35075830
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.27.1.016502 -
Nuclear Medicine Review. Central &... 2011Thyroid is particularly prone to morphogenetic variability. Developmental failure of the thyroid gland is in 85% of cases the underlying cause of congenital... (Review)
Review
Thyroid is particularly prone to morphogenetic variability. Developmental failure of the thyroid gland is in 85% of cases the underlying cause of congenital hypothyroidism, diagnosed at birth with a frequency of 1:3000-1:4000 newborns. However, the incidence of less severe developmental variants of the thyroid is much higher. Determination of the aetiology of congenital hypothyroidism is crucial for predicting its severity and outcome as well as impacts dose of L-thyroxine during substitution. Thyroid imaging is necessary to establish diagnosis, and it involves mainly thyroid ultrasound examination and scintiscan. Awareness of both the advantages and limitations of sonographic and scintigraphic imaging are central to the successful interpretation of their results and reasonable recommendation of these procedures for patients with thyroid developmental anomalies of different age and clinical picture. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide the most important and up-to-date information on the place of radionuclide scanning and ultrasonography in visualization of different thyroid developmental abnormalities.
Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Gland; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 21751168
DOI: 10.5603/nmr.2011.0005 -
Medical Physics Oct 2022Many predictors of morbidity caused by metabolic disease are associated with body shape. 3D optical (3DO) scanning captures body shape and has been shown to accurately...
BACKGROUND
Many predictors of morbidity caused by metabolic disease are associated with body shape. 3D optical (3DO) scanning captures body shape and has been shown to accurately and precisely predict body composition variables associated with mortality risk. 3DO is safer, less expensive, and more accessible than criterion body composition assessment methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, 3DO scanning has not been standardized across manufacturers for pose, mesh resolution, and post processing methods.
PURPOSE
We introduce a scanner-agnostic algorithm that automatically fits a topologically consistent human mesh to 3DO scanned point clouds and predicts clinically important body metrics using a standardized body shape model. Our models transform raw scans captured by any 3DO scanner into fixed topology meshes with anatomical consistency, standardizing the outputs of 3DO scans across manufacturers and allowing for the use of common prediction models across scanning devices.
METHODS
A fixed-topology body mesh template was automatically registered to 848 training scans from three different 3DO systems. Participants were between 18 and 89 years old with body mass index ranging from 14 to 52 kg/m . Scans were registered by first performing a coarse nearest neighbor alignment between the template and the input scan with an anatomically constrained principal component analysis (PCA) domain deformation using a device and gender specific bootstrap basis trained on 70 seed scans each. The template mesh was then optimized to fit the target with a smooth per-vertex surface-to-surface deformation. A combined unified PCA model was created from the superset of all automatically fit training scans including all three devices. Body composition predictions to DXA measurements were learned from the training mesh PCA coefficients using linear regression. Using this final unified model, we tested the accuracy of our body composition models on a withheld sample of 562 scans by fitting a PCA parameterized template mesh to each raw scan and predicting the expected body composition metrics from the principal components using the learned regression model.
RESULTS
We achieved coefficients of determination (R ) above 0.8 on all nine fat and lean predictions except female visceral fat (0.77). R was as high as 0.94 (total fat and lean, trunk fat), and all root-mean-squared errors were below 3.0 kg. All predicted body composition variables were not significantly different from reference DXA measurements except for visceral fat and female trunk fat. Repeatability precision as measured by the coefficient of variation (%CV) was around 2-3x worse than DXA precision, with visceral fat %CV below 2x DXA %CV and female total fat mass at 5x.
CONCLUSIONS
Our method provides an accurate, automated, and scanner agnostic framework for standardizing 3DO scans and a low cost, radiation-free alternative to criterion radiology imaging for body composition analysis. We published a web-app version of this work at https://shapeup.shepherdresearchlab.org/3do-bodycomp-analyzer/ that accepts mesh file uploads and returns templated meshes with body composition predictions for demo purposes.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Middle Aged; Principal Component Analysis; Radionuclide Imaging; Young Adult
PubMed: 35837761
DOI: 10.1002/mp.15843 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics May 2017We report the development of a line-scan focal modulation microscope (LSFMM) that is capable of high-speed image acquisition ( > 40 ?? fps ) with uncompromised optical...
We report the development of a line-scan focal modulation microscope (LSFMM) that is capable of high-speed image acquisition ( > 40 ?? fps ) with uncompromised optical sectioning capability. The improved background rejection and axial resolution of this imaging modality, enabled by focal modulation, are quantified with three-dimensional imaging data obtained from fluorescent beads. The signal-to-background ratio for the LSFMM system is one- to two-orders of magnitude higher than that for line-scanning confocal systems when imaging deep (up to 100 ?m) into a turbid medium of optical properties similar to biological tissues. The imaging performance of LSFMM, in terms of both spatial and temporal resolutions, is further demonstrated with in vivo imaging experiments with live zebrafish larvae.
Topics: Animals; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Larva; Microscopy; Radionuclide Imaging; Zebrafish
PubMed: 28549085
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.22.5.050502