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Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2022Polysaccharides are macromolecules with important inherent properties and potential biotechnological applications. These complex carbohydrates exist throughout nature,... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides are macromolecules with important inherent properties and potential biotechnological applications. These complex carbohydrates exist throughout nature, especially in plants, from which they can be obtained with high yields. Different extraction and purification methods may affect the structure of polysaccharides and, due to the close relationship between structure and function, modify their biological activities. One of the possible applications of these polysaccharides is acting on the skin, which is the largest organ in the human body and can be aged by intrinsic and extrinsic processes. Skincare has been gaining worldwide attention not only to prevent diseases but also to promote rejuvenation in aesthetic treatments. In this review, we discussed the polysaccharides obtained from plants and their innovative potential for skin applications, for example as wound-healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and anti-aging compounds.
Topics: Aging; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Humans; Neoplasms; Plants, Medicinal; Polysaccharides; Skin Care; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34893241
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118824 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2019Modern lifestyles have developed new attention on appearance and personal care which attract a huge number of consumers towards cosmetic products. The demand for a... (Review)
Review
Modern lifestyles have developed new attention on appearance and personal care which attract a huge number of consumers towards cosmetic products. The demand for a skincare product with natural ingredients is rapidly increasing. Seaweeds are major resources for in-demand active compounds with a wide variety of applications. The use of seaweed-derived ingredients in cosmetic products has increased in recent years as many scientific studies have proved the potential skincare properties of seaweed bioactive compounds. This review emphasizes possible skincare properties of seaweed bioactive compounds. The review outlines the mechanism involved in skin problems including hyperpigmentation, premature skin aging, and acne in the first part while the second part focuses on the promising application of seaweeds in skin protection by highlighting the bioactive compound responsible for their bioactivity.
Topics: Cosmetics; Humans; Seaweed; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 31817709
DOI: 10.3390/md17120688 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2023Radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer may cause severe radiation dermatitis (RD) resulting in RT interruption and affecting disease control. A few studies...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer may cause severe radiation dermatitis (RD) resulting in RT interruption and affecting disease control. A few studies address skin moisture changes during RT for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of moisturized skin care (MSC) on severity of RD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study includes newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients undergoing RT. Participants were divided into MSC group and routine skin care (RSC) group based on patient's preferred decision. Skin moisture in the four quadrants of the neck was measured weekly before and after RT. RD was assessed with the Radiation Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (RISRAS) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute skin toxicity grading criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 54 patients were enrolled, of which 49 patients were suitable for the statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the RISRAS total score since the 5 week after RT between the groups. The severity of RD was less (B=0.814, p=0.021) and the onset was later (B=-0.384, p=0.006) in the MSC group when compared to the RSC group. Skin moisture decreased with cumulative radiation dose. In the upper neck, the MSC group had a slower rate of skin moisture decrease compared to the RSC group (right upper neck: B=0.935, p=0.007; left upper neck: B=0.93, p=0.018).
CONCLUSION
MSC can effectively reduce the severity and delay the onset of RD, while slows down skin moisture decrease during RT.
Topics: Humans; Radiodermatitis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Skin Care
PubMed: 37905662
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13389 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Nov 2021Skin micro-relief has been researched by a variety of devices and methods, which usually are expensive or complicated. On the other hand, skin micro-relief relates to...
BACKGROUND
Skin micro-relief has been researched by a variety of devices and methods, which usually are expensive or complicated. On the other hand, skin micro-relief relates to quite a few parameters, and it is hard to evaluate all of them at the same time. In the study, all parameters related to skin micro-relief are extracted and evaluated by image analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Skin micro-relief evaluation was divided into four aspects: (a) Tamura features method was used to evaluate skin surface. (b) Morphological transform was applied to extract skin pores. (c) Watershed transform was applied to extract skin furrows. (d) labeling operation was used to evaluate the number, area and average area of skin closed polygons. Then, cheek images from 163 healthy Japanese females (0-70 years old) are analyzed to explore the age-dependent changes.
RESULTS
Most parameters increased as age went on with significant differences, such as skin surface coarseness, contrast, skin pore number, area, average area, skin furrow width, skin closed polygon area and skin closed polygon average area. Skin coarseness has a strong correlation with pore area.
CONCLUSION
The method proposed in the study provided a comprehensive and effective assessment of skin micro-relief.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cheek; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Care; Young Adult
PubMed: 34117804
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13060 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jul 2021Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen consisting of a diaper with an emollient and apertures on the inner liner (topsheet) with an acidic, pH-buffered wipe (Regimen A) lowered newborn skin pH and reduced the enzymatic activity on skin post-stool cleaning versus a regimen without these features (Regimen B). This study extends these findings to determine the impact of Regimen A on diaper area erythema severity over a 2-week use period.
METHODS
This IRB-approved, blinded, randomized, crossover study enrolled newborn infants >7 days and ≤8 weeks. Participants exclusively used two unique diaper and wipe combinations, Regimen A and Regimen B (non-emollient, non-aperture containing topsheet and wipe with limited buffering capacity), each for 14 days and preceded by a 3-day washout regimen.
RESULTS
Diapered skin pH was reduced during Regimen A use to values similar to that of a non-diapered control site (chest), while use of Regimen B was associated with a more alkaline skin pH. Regimen A resulted in significantly fewer severe erythema episodes. At the site of highest erythema, the perianal space, the average erythema score was significantly lower and more newborns were free of erythema while using Regimen A vs. Regimen B (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that diapering products can have a significant impact on newborn skin. They reinforce the need to support the physiological normalization of skin pH and protection from skin irritation and damage.
Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diaper Rash; Erythema; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Skin; Skin Care
PubMed: 34060142
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14602 -
Journal of Wound Care Apr 2017To identify the clinical empirical evidence for identifying, managing and preventing skin maceration in human subjects. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the clinical empirical evidence for identifying, managing and preventing skin maceration in human subjects.
METHOD
A rapid review of the current literature was undertaken between 5 September and 19 September 2016 using the electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PUBMED and Cochrane, with the key words: skin macerat*, wound macerat*, moisture associated skin damage, wound exudate and hyper-hydration of skin, Results: Of 526 papers found using an electronic database search, four were identified as fitting the search parameters, and a further two were retrieved from a manual search of reference lists. There were three themes that emerged: how to identify and measure maceration, how to manage and reduce maceration once it has already occurred, and how to prevent skin maceration. Hyper-hydration can reach greater skin depths than previously thought, thus engendering more extensive damage potential, which in turn can impact on treatments and healing time. Realistically, the deeper the hyper-hydration issue, the more extensive the damage and it will take longer to recover-a problem compounded if the hyper-hydration is due to incontinence and skin is also exposed to urine and/or faeces. In relation to wound management, the authors advocate the removal of moisture away from the wound or skin, either through superabsorbent dressings, or by allowing the excess moisture to evaporate through semi-permeable dressings to reduce maceration, enhance patient comfort and encourage healing. However, we found no evidence regarding the limits of hydration of the dermis and epidermis and thereby the optimal conditions for managing exuding wounds and promoting skin health. Each of the six papers in this review calls for further research to help identify, treat and prevent maceration.
CONCLUSION
Maceration causes patients' discomfort and pain as well as prolonging healing time and deserves more focused research. This rapid review highlights how limited the clinical empirical research is on identifying and managing skin maceration from an early stage so that health professionals may be better equipped to prevent it. Further clinical research is also needed to determine when levels of hydration in the skin become damaging. The small number of studies within this review show that skin maceration can be avoided, but clearer guidance is needed.
Topics: Absorbent Pads; Bandages; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Skin Care; Skin Diseases; Urinary Incontinence; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28379098
DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.4.159 -
International Wound Journal Jun 2015Although this article is a stand-alone article, it sets the scene for later articles in this issue. Pressure ulcers are considered to be a largely preventable problem,... (Review)
Review
Although this article is a stand-alone article, it sets the scene for later articles in this issue. Pressure ulcers are considered to be a largely preventable problem, and yet despite extensive training and the expenditure of a large amount of resources, they persist. This article reviews the current understanding of pressure ulcer aetiology: pressure, shear and microclimate. Individual risk factors for pressure ulceration also need to be understood in order to determine the level of risk of an individual. Such an assessment is essential to determine appropriate prevention strategies. The main prevention strategies in terms of reducing pressure and shear and managing microclimate are studied in this article. The problem of pressure ulceration related to medical devices is also considered as most of the standard prevention strategies are not effective in preventing this type of damage. Finally, the possibility of using dressings as an additional preventive strategy is raised along with the question: is there enough evidence to support their use?
Topics: Bandages; Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Skin Care
PubMed: 23786251
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12107 -
Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and... 2019Stomal and peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are prevalent in persons living with an ostomy; more than 80% of individuals with an ostomy will experience a stomal or...
Stomal and peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are prevalent in persons living with an ostomy; more than 80% of individuals with an ostomy will experience a stomal or peristomal complication within 2 years of ostomy surgery. Peristomal skin problems are especially prevalent, and a growing body of evidence indicates that they are associated with clinically relevant impairments in physical function, multiple components of health-related quality of life, and higher costs. Several mechanisms are strongly linked to PSCs including medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSIs). Peristomal MARSIs are defined as erythema, epidermal stripping or skin tears, erosion, bulla, or vesicle observed after removal of an adhesive ostomy pouching system. A working group of 3 clinicians with knowledge of peristomal skin health completed a scoping review that revealed a significant paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiology and management of peristomal MARSIs. As a result, an international panel of experts in ostomy care and peristomal MARSIs was convened that used a formal process to generate consensus-based statements providing guidance concerning the assessment, prevention, and treatment of peristomal MARSIs. This article summarizes the results of the scoping review and the 21 consensus-based statements used to guide assessment, prevention, and treatment of peristomal MARSIs, along with recommendations for research priorities.
Topics: Adhesives; Consensus; Humans; Prevalence; Skin; Skin Care; Surgical Stomas
PubMed: 30844869
DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000513 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2023The skin is a major route of infection in the neonatal period, especially in low birthweight (LBW) infants. Appropriate and safe neonatal skin care practices are...
BACKGROUND
The skin is a major route of infection in the neonatal period, especially in low birthweight (LBW) infants. Appropriate and safe neonatal skin care practices are required to reduce this risk. The perceptions and beliefs of mothers and other caregivers towards various neonatal skin care practices in our setting have been documented. Data from Asia suggests that the application of emollient to the skin of LBW infants can promote growth, reduce serious neonatal infections, and potentially reduce mortality. This is the first study to explore the acceptability of emollients and massage as part of neonatal skin care in a low-resource setting in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that is representative of the majority of government health facilities in Uganda and many in SSA.
OBJECTIVE
To explore perceptions, beliefs, and current practices regarding neonatal skin care and emollient use in eastern Uganda.
METHODS
We conducted a qualitative study consisting of three focus group discussions (30 participants), eight in-depth interviews with mothers/caregivers of preterm and term neonates and 12 key informant interviews with midwives, doctors and community health workers involved in neonatal care, to explore the perceptions and practices surrounding neonatal skin care and emollient use. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis.
RESULTS
Mothers perceived that skin care began in utero. Skincare practices depended on the place of delivery; for deliveries in a health facility the skincare practices were mainly based on the health worker's advice. Vernix caseosa was often washed off due to its perceived undesirability and was attributed to sexual intercourse in the last trimester. Despite their deleterious attributes found in previous studies, petrolatum-based oils, petrolatum-based jellies and talcum baby powders were the most commonly reported items used in neonatal skin care. In our population, there was high acceptability of emollient therapy use; however, neonatal massage was treated with scepticism as mothers feared damaging the vulnerable neonate. Mothers suggested massage and emollient application be undertaken by health workers, if it becomes an intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
In eastern Uganda, the perceptions and beliefs of mothers/caregivers toward neonatal skincare influenced their practices of which some could potentially be beneficial, and others harmful. Emollient use would be easily accepted if adequate sensitisation is conducted and using the gatekeepers such as health workers.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Female; Humans; Emollients; Uganda; Skin; Skin Care; Qualitative Research; Petrolatum
PubMed: 37147698
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04040-y -
Journal of Tissue Viability May 2024The aim of the study was to describe types and frequencies of skin care interventions and products provided in institutional long-term care. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
The aim of the study was to describe types and frequencies of skin care interventions and products provided in institutional long-term care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in nursing homes in Berlin, Germany was collected before randomization. Numbers, proportions and frequencies of washing, showering and bathing, and the application of leave-on products were calculated. Product labels were iteratively and inductively categorized into overarching terms and concepts.
RESULTS
A total of n = 314 residents participated in the study. In the majority, washing of the whole body was done once daily, and showering was performed once per week or more rarely. The majority received leave-on products daily on the face and once per week on the whole body. Most of the skin care interventions were delivered by nurses. There was marked heterogeneity in terms of product names, whereas the product names reveal little about the ingredients or composition.
CONCLUSION
Personal hygiene and cleansing interventions are major parts of clinical practice in long-term care. Daily washing is a standard practice at the moment. In contrast, leave-on products are used infrequently. To what extent the provided care promotes skin integrity is unclear. Due to the heterogeneity and partly misleading labels of skin care products, informed decision making is difficult to implement at present.
GOV IDENTIFIER
NCT03824886.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Skin Care; Female; Long-Term Care; Male; Germany; Aged, 80 and over; Aged; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 38360494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.02.005