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Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.) Mar 2020To examine smoking behavior and social contexts related to smoking among dual-smoker couples.
OBJECTIVES
To examine smoking behavior and social contexts related to smoking among dual-smoker couples.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional online survey study.
SAMPLE
A convenience sample of 183 dual-smoker couples.
MEASUREMENTS
Investigator-developed survey on smoking and related social contexts.
RESULTS
Participants smoked 16.0 cigarettes daily for 14.2 years; 48.4% shared more than half of their smoking time with their spouse. More than half made quit attempts in the past year individually (M = 5.3) and jointly (M = 2.5). Couples sharing more smoking time were more likely to be motivated to quit (p = .002), make quit attempts (p < .0001), and be interested in cessation interventions (p = .002); but less likely to implement home smoking bans (p < .001). Among those who reported quit attempts, 41% quit by themselves and 15.3% sought professional assistance. Most common reasons for relapse were chronic stress and crisis, 63.6%, however, were interested in smoking cessation services, preferably technology-based interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
We found smoking interdependence within dual-smoker couples. Despite high levels of motivation to quit, most did not utilize professional help, leading to low successful quit rates. Technology-based smoking cessation interventions incorporating spousal support and addressing stress/crisis may best assist dual-smoker couples.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Social Environment; Spouses; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31724240
DOI: 10.1111/phn.12686 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Smoking patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at greater risk of developing pneumonia. How smoking behavior changes affect the risk of pneumonia hospitalization,...
Smoking patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at greater risk of developing pneumonia. How smoking behavior changes affect the risk of pneumonia hospitalization, however, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization in patients with DM. From January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018, we investigated the association between smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization in patients with DM. A total of 332,798 adult patients with DM from the Korean National Health Insurance System database who underwent health screening examination between 2009 and 2012, and were smokers at the first health examination were included. During a mean follow-up of 4.89 years, 14,598 (4.39%) incident pneumonia hospitalization cases were identified. Reducers had a slightly increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) compared to sustainers. Quitters did not have a significant association with incidence of pneumonia hospitalization. However, increasers had 13% higher risk of pneumonia hospitalization (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.18), regardless of whether initial smoking was light, moderate, or heavy. Our study showed that an increase in smoking intensity was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization in people with DM. However, a protective effect of smoking reduction or cessation on pneumonia risk was not demonstrated.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Smoking; Smokers; Diabetes Mellitus; Hospitalization; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37648711
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40658-9 -
BMC Public Health Dec 2023Tobacco smoke is associated with several diseases, and identified as the second leading risk factor for death from any cause worldwide. The relationship of tobacco smoke...
BACKGROUND
Tobacco smoke is associated with several diseases, and identified as the second leading risk factor for death from any cause worldwide. The relationship of tobacco smoke to mortality or premature death is not yet available from contemporary cohorts after 2010 in China. This study aimed to investigate the smoking behavior and the relationship of tobacco smoke to mortality and premature death among a nationally representative cohort starting from 2011 in China.
METHODS
The nationally representative datasets (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS, 2011-2012) was employed and linked with follow-up data (2013). CHARLS was an ongoing nationally representative survey, which longitudinally followed up subjects aged over 45 years. Smoking status (non-smoker, ex-smoker, smoker, pack-years of smoking, age at starting and ceasing smoking) was used as independent variable, and all-cause mortality, premature death (defined as mortality before age 72.7 years in men and 76.9 years in women) were used as dependent variables. The Cox's proportional hazards regression mode was used to estimate the effect of tobacco smoke and pack-years of smoking on all-cause mortality and premature death.
RESULTS
A total of 16,701 subjects were included. The association between tobacco smoker (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.83) / ex-smoker (HR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.24, 2.46) and all-cause mortality was significant. Tobacco smoker (HR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.39) and ex-smoker (HR = 2.25, 95%CI = 1.38, 3.66) was associated with increase in the risk of premature death. Pack-years of smoking ≥ 30 was associated with increased risk of premature death compared with non-smokers in total (HR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.03, 2.43) and women (HR = 3.38, 95%CI = 1.22, 9.38). Additionally, our results also revealed that there was a linear trend between pack-years of smoking and premature death in total (P = 0.002) and women (P = 0.010).
CONCLUSION
This study found a negative effect of smoking status on all-cause mortality and premature death among a contemporary and nationally representative data in China. The correlation between pack-years of smoking and premature death and the trend of pack-years of smoking with premature death was also identified.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Cohort Studies; Smoking; Mortality, Premature; Longitudinal Studies; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38087246
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17421-w -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Feb 2020Recent findings suggest that overreliance on habit may be common in individuals diagnosed with addiction. To advance our understanding of habit in clinical samples and...
BACKGROUND
Recent findings suggest that overreliance on habit may be common in individuals diagnosed with addiction. To advance our understanding of habit in clinical samples and from behavioral measures, this study examines the interrelations between self-reported habit index for smoking and drinking as well as behavioral measures of intraindividual variability in smoking and drinking.
METHODS
Treatment-seeking heavy drinking smokers (N = 416) completed the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) adapted for both smoking and drinking. "Behavioral habitualness" was computed from the degree of intraindividual variability in patterns of smoking and drinking over the past month. Using the 28-day Timeline-Follow Back (TLFB) interview, we derived two measures of intraindividual variability: interclass correlation (ICC) and autocorrelation [AR(7) coefficients].
RESULTS
Self-report measures of habit were robustly associated with clinical severity of drinking and smoking with higher habit scores indicating greater severity of drinking and smoking, respectively. ICC and AR(7) coefficients, the behavioral measure of "patterness" and putative habit, were not associated with SRHI scores. While ICC for smoking was associated with higher nicotine dependence scores, this pattern was not found for drinking ICC and alcohol problem severity.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support the construct validity of the self-report measures of habit for smoking and drinking, as well an initial evaluation of behavioral measure of smoking "patterness" as a potential proxy for habit smoking. Because habit represents a complex phenotype with limited clinical translation, additional studies capturing a wider range of substance use severity and coupled with brain-based validation methods are warranted.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Habits; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking
PubMed: 31816490
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107738 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Dec 2019This commentary addresses critical questions regarding the impact of the reduction of nicotine on changes in smoking behavior. There appears to be moderate evidence that... (Review)
Review
This commentary addresses critical questions regarding the impact of the reduction of nicotine on changes in smoking behavior. There appears to be moderate evidence that use of reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNC) increases the likelihood of making a quit attempt among smokers unmotivated to quit and among smokers motivated to quit who also used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was limited evidence that RNC combined with NRT increased smoking abstinence, regardless of motivation to quit. Several plausible mechanisms via which RNC may influence smoking behavior, including reducing dependence, are reviewed. The moderate evidence that abrupt reduction in nicotine reduces self-reported dependence as well as smoking behavior and likelihood of relapse is also reviewed. The data reviewed here suggest that abrupt switching to, and extended use of, RNC can reduce cigarette dependence and several related constructs, including the ability to quit smoking. The data reviewed in this commentary suggest that abrupt reduction in the level of nicotine in combustible cigarettes could reduce smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, and other related constructs and increase quit attempts and eventual smoking cessation.
Topics: Humans; Nicotine; Smokers; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 31867644
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz100 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Sep 2022DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has consistently been shown to be linked with a variety of human traits and diseases. Because DNA methylation is... (Review)
Review
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has consistently been shown to be linked with a variety of human traits and diseases. Because DNA methylation is dynamic and potentially reversible in nature and can reflect environmental exposures and predict the onset of diseases, it has piqued interest as a potential disease biomarker. DNA methylation patterns are more stable than transcriptomic or proteomic patterns, and they are relatively easy to measure to track exposure to different environments and risk factors. Importantly, technologies for DNA methylation quantification have become increasingly cost effective-accelerating new research in the field-and have enabled the development of novel DNA methylation biomarkers. Quite a few DNA methylation-based predictors for a number of traits and diseases already exist. Such predictors show potential for being more accurate than self-reported or measured phenotypes (such as smoking behavior and body mass index) and may even hold potential for applications in clinics. In this review, we will first discuss the advantages and challenges of DNA methylation biomarkers in general. We will then review the current state and future potential of DNA methylation biomarkers in two human traits that show rather consistent alterations in methylome-obesity and smoking. Lastly, we will briefly speculate about the future prospects of DNA methylation biomarkers, and possible ways to achieve them.
Topics: DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genetic Markers; Humans; Obesity; Proteomics; Smoking
PubMed: 35404524
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13496 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Sep 2015Mentholated cigarettes gained popularity in the 1950s and were often marketed as "healthy" cigarettes, attributable to their pleasurable mint flavor and cooling... (Review)
Review
Mentholated cigarettes gained popularity in the 1950s and were often marketed as "healthy" cigarettes, attributable to their pleasurable mint flavor and cooling sensation in the mouth, lungs, and throat. While it is clear that nicotine is the primary psychoactive component in tobacco cigarettes, recent work has suggested that menthol may also play a role in exacerbating smoking behavior, despite original health claims. Recent evidence highlights four distinct biological mechanisms that can alter smoking behavior: 1) menthol acts to reduce the initially aversive experiences associated with tobacco smoking; 2) menthol can serve as a highly reinforcing sensory cue when associated with nicotine and promote smoking behavior; 3) menthol's actions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors may change the reinforcing value of nicotine; and 4) menthol can alter nicotine metabolism, thus increasing nicotine bioavailability. The purpose of this review is to highlight and evaluate potential biological mechanisms by which menthol can alter smoking behavior.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Brain; Drug Synergism; Health Behavior; Humans; Menthol; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Reinforcement, Psychology; Smoking
PubMed: 26339211
DOI: No ID Found -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2019Cognitive control (CC)-the ability to regulate attention and memory-plays an important role in a variety of health behaviors, including smoking behavior. In this... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Cognitive control (CC)-the ability to regulate attention and memory-plays an important role in a variety of health behaviors, including smoking behavior. In this theoretical review of the literature, we propose a CC and smoking behavior framework that includes (1) the positive influence of CC on the self-regulation of smoking, (2) nicotine-induced improvements in CC that may indirectly reinforce smoking (including withdrawal reversal effects), and (3) the long-term effects of smoking on the brain that may result in reduced CC. Integration of these literatures suggests that CC contributes to both self-regulation (ie, brake pedal) and nicotine-related reinforcement (ie, gas pedal) amid the catastrophic effects of long-term smoking, which may reduce self-regulatory control over smoking while also enhancing indirect reinforcement. Supportive evidence and limitations of this approach will be presented, as well as ideas for future research directions that may fully examine this multifaceted modeling of CC in relation to smoking behavior.
IMPLICATIONS
There is substantial evidence that CC contributes to self-regulation (ie, brake pedal) and reinforcement (ie, gas pedal) of smoking behavior as well as evidence that long-term smoking may cause reduced CC. The proposed model delineates how these opposing influences of CC may mask the unique contribution of self-regulation and reinforcement in maintaining smoking behavior. Targeting CC for treating nicotine dependence will require more nuanced approaches that consider the independent and combined effects of self-regulation and reinforcement to improve smoking cessation success rates.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Efficacy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 29432572
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty029 -
Mathematical Biosciences and... Nov 2023Smoking has gradually become a very common behavior, and the related situation in different groups also presents different forms. Due to the differences of individual...
Smoking has gradually become a very common behavior, and the related situation in different groups also presents different forms. Due to the differences of individual smoking cessation time and the interference of environmental factors in the spread of smoking behavior, we establish a stochastic giving up smoking model with quit-smoking duration. We also consider the saturated incidence rate. The total population is composed of potential smokers, smokers, quitters and removed. By using Itô's formula and constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions, we first ensure the existence of a unique global positive solution of the stochastic model. In addition, a threshold condition for extinction and permanence of smoking behavior is deduced. If the intensity of white noise is small, and $ \widetilde{\mathcal{R}}_0 < 1 $, smokers will eventually become extinct. If $ \widetilde{\mathcal{R}}_0 > 1 $, smoking will last. Then, the sufficient condition for the existence of a unique stationary distribution of the smoking phenomenon is studied as $ R_0^s > 1 $. Finally, conclusions are explained by numerical simulations.
Topics: Smoking Cessation; Smoking; Stochastic Processes
PubMed: 38124566
DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023910 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Oct 2015Identity is an important influence on behavior. To identify potential targets for smoking cessation interventions in young adults, we synthesized findings from... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Identity is an important influence on behavior. To identify potential targets for smoking cessation interventions in young adults, we synthesized findings from qualitative studies on smoker identity and potential influences on smoking and smoking cessation.
METHODS
A systematic search of 4 electronic databases up to September 19, 2013, was conducted to identify qualitative studies on smoker identity in smokers and ex-smokers aged 16-34. Key concepts were extracted from individual studies and synthesized into higher-order interpretations by following the principles of meta-ethnography.
RESULTS
Seventeen relevant papers were identified. At the highest level of interpretation, we identified 4 types of findings: (a) contributory factors to identity, (b) identity in relation to smoking, (c) contextual and temporal patterning, and (d) behavior in relation to smoking. Contributory factors included the desire to establish aspirational individual and social identities, enact a smoker identity appropriate to the momentary social context, and alter personal nonsmoking rules when consuming alcohol. Smoker identity was multifaceted and incorporated individuals' defensive rationalizations, and both positive and negative feelings attached to it. Smoker identities took time to develop, were subject to change, and were context dependent. Identity was found to play a role in quit attempts.
CONCLUSIONS
Qualitative research into the identity of young adult smokers has established it as a multifaceted phenomenon serving important functions but also involving conflict and defensive rationalizations. It develops over time and contextual factors influence its expression. The nature of a smoker's identity can play an important role in smoking cessation. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropology, Cultural; Female; Humans; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult
PubMed: 25622078
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000191