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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Pesticides play an important role in crop disease and pest control. However, their irrational use leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary...
Pesticides play an important role in crop disease and pest control. However, their irrational use leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new pesticide-lead compounds with new structures. We designed and synthesized 33 novel pyrimidine derivatives containing sulfonate groups and evaluated their antibacterial and insecticidal activities. Results: Most of the synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial activity against pv. (), pv. (), pv. () and (Rs), and certain insecticidal activity. , and showed strong antibacterial activity against , with EC values of 4.24, 6.77 and 9.35 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds , , and showed remarkable activity against (EC was 79.02, 82.28, 70.80 and 44.11 μg/mL, respectively). In addition, could significantly improve the defense enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and catalase) activity of plants against pathogens and thus improve the disease resistance of plants. Moreover, a few compounds also showed good insecticidal activity against and . The results of this study provide insight into the development of new broad-spectrum pesticides.
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Esters; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oryza; Pesticides; Plant Diseases; Pyrimidines; Sulfides; Xanthomonas
PubMed: 36902121
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054691 -
Environment International Apr 2023Emerging bisphenol S analogues (BPSs) have gained their application perspectives to replace bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA analogues (BPAs). However, the extent of human...
Emerging bisphenol S analogues (BPSs) have gained their application perspectives to replace bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA analogues (BPAs). However, the extent of human exposure and potential health risk from BPSs is rarely known yet. We hypothesized that children living in Shantou, China, a well-known e-waste recycling city, may expose to emerging BPSs together with BPA and BPAs. In this study, BPA, six commonly used BPAs and 11 emerging BPSs were determined simultaneously in 240 urine samples collected from children residing in Shantou. BPA, BPS, bisphenol F, bisphenol AF and three BPSs of 2,4'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, 4-((4-(allyloxy)phenyl)sulfonyl)phenol and diphenylsulfone (DPS) were the urinary predominant bisphenols with detection frequencies of 67-100% in the children. BPA was found at the highest median concentration (3.36 µg/g creatinine) followed by BPS (0.313) and DPS (0.187). It is interesting to find that the girls and children in the younger group (2 ≤ age < 5) had consistently higher concentrations of the seven dominant bisphenols than the boys and these of the older group (5 ≤ age ≤ 10), respectively. The children with under/overweight suffered higher burdens of bisphenol exposure based on medians of estimated daily intakes. Association analysis results indicated that the Shantou children exposed themselves to multiple BPSs along with BPA and BPAs from assumed consumer products and/or contaminated environments.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Phenols; Sulfones; Benzhydryl Compounds; China
PubMed: 37075580
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107926 -
Biomolecules Oct 2022Natural monoterpenes and their derivatives are widely considered as effective ingredients for the design and production of new biologically active compounds with high...
Natural monoterpenes and their derivatives are widely considered as effective ingredients for the design and production of new biologically active compounds with high antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-protozoa properties. In this study, we synthesized two series of thiotherpenoids "sulfide-sulfoxide-sulfone", with different bicyclic monoterpene skeleton (bornane and pinane) structures. The effect of the obtained compounds on platelet aggregation was investigated by using the molecular docking technique. The obtained data revealed that all the synthesized compounds may act as potential inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Moreover, the studied sulfides have shown high antioxidant activity as revealed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) process inhibition in a non-cellular substrate containing animal lipids. The sulfides were able to inhibit erythrocyte oxidative hemolysis, to reduce the accumulation of secondary LPO products in cells and to prevent the oxidation of native oxyhemoglobin. Additionally, the corresponding sulfones and sulfoxides exhibited insignificant antioxidant activity. However, the sulfides were found to exhibit significant antiaggregant and anticoagulant effects. These findings suggest as well that the sulfides could serve as a leader compound for future research and possible practical applications.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Molecular Docking Simulation; Fibrinolytic Agents; Anticoagulants; Sulfoxides; Sulfones; Sulfides
PubMed: 36358949
DOI: 10.3390/biom12111599 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022A chemoselective procedure for MCPBA oxidation of 26-thiodiosgenin to corresponding sulfoxides and sulfone was elaborated. An unusual equilibration of sulfoxides in...
A chemoselective procedure for MCPBA oxidation of 26-thiodiosgenin to corresponding sulfoxides and sulfone was elaborated. An unusual equilibration of sulfoxides in solution was observed. Moreover, α-alkylation of sulfoxide and sulfone was investigated. Finally, the biological activity of obtained compounds was examined.
Topics: Diosgenin; Sulfoxides; Sulfur; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfones
PubMed: 36615383
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010189 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Oct 2022Diaryl difluoromethanes are valuable targets for medicinal chemistry because they are bioisosteres of diaryl ethers and can function as replacements for diaryl methane,...
Diaryl difluoromethanes are valuable targets for medicinal chemistry because they are bioisosteres of diaryl ethers and can function as replacements for diaryl methane, ketone, and sulfone groups. However, methods to prepare diaryl difluoromethanes are scarce, especially methods starting from abundant aryl halides. We report the Pd-catalyzed aryldifluoromethylation of aryl halides with aryldifluoromethyl trimethylsilanes (TMSCF Ar). The reaction occurs when the catalyst contains a simple, but unusual, dialkylaryl phosphine ligand that promotes transmetallation of the silane. Computational studies show that reductive elimination following transmetallation occurs with a low barrier, despite the fluorine atoms on the α-carbon, due to coordination of the difluorobenzyl π-system to palladium. The co-development of a cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of the silanes broadened the scope of the process including several applications to the synthesis biologically relevant diaryl difluoromethanes.
Topics: Carbon; Catalysis; Cobalt; Ethers; Fluorine; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; Ketones; Ligands; Methane; Palladium; Silanes; Sulfones
PubMed: 35960816
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208204 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2022Sildenafil is the drug of choice for neonatal pulmonary hypertension in developing countries where inhaled nitric oxide is not available. Available as oral and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Sildenafil is the drug of choice for neonatal pulmonary hypertension in developing countries where inhaled nitric oxide is not available. Available as oral and intravenous preparation - no study has been done in the past to compare the two forms. Each has its own benefits - but requires comparison in terms of efficacy and safety. This study was done to compare the efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) sildenafil in infants with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension.
METHODS
An open labelled randomized trial was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of urban tertiary hospital in western India between February 2019 to December 2020. Infants born after 34 weeks of gestation with Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) > 25 mm Hg measured by echocardiography, within 72 h of birth, were enrolled for the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive sildenafil either orally or by intravenous route. Primary outcome was the time taken for PAP to decrease below 25 mm Hg. Secondary outcomes were time taken for oxygenation index to decrease by 25%, duration of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, nasal oxygen, hospital stay, time to achieve full feeds, mortality, and side effects.
RESULTS
Forty patients were enrolled. The baseline characteristics of neonates in both groups were similar except for APGAR scores at 1 min and 5 min, with oral group having lower score [MEDIAN (IQR) 5.00 (4.00- 7.00) and 7.00 (6.00- 8.00)] compared to IV group [MEDIAN (IQR) 7.00 (6.00-8.00) and 9.00 (8.00-9.00)] respectively. Time taken for PAP to decrease below 25 mm was not statistically different between the oral and intravenous groups. Systemic hypotension occurred in 4 neonates of the intravenous group but none in the oral group.
CONCLUSION
Oral and intravenous sildenafil had equal efficacy at reducing PAP in neonatal pulmonary hypertension, albeit intravenous sildenafil use was associated with a greater complication rate.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial was registered in the clinical trials registry of India [ CTRI/2019/04/018781 ][25/04/2019].
Topics: Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Piperazines; Purines; Sildenafil Citrate; Sulfones; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 35624452
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03366-3 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Environmental contaminants including long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to cancer, which is a central cause of mortality in humans...
Environmental contaminants including long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to cancer, which is a central cause of mortality in humans and many wildlife species. Today shorter-chain PFAS are extensively used as replacement compounds and commonly found in the environment. Mechanistic studies are important for a better understanding of their toxicological potential and possible role in cancer etiology. Here, we treated normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) with 500 pM to 500 μM of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (GenX), perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) for 72 h to investigate potential effects on cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. PFHxA, GenX, PFO2OA, HFBA and PFBS induced no alterations compared to controls at any of the concentrations tested. Exposure to 100 μM PFHxS on the other hand was shown to affect important regulatory cell-cycle proteins (cyclin D1, CDK6, p27, p53 and ERK) and induced cell proliferation, at least in part through activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). PFHxS also altered histone modifications and induced cell malignance by reducing the levels of adhesion proteins (E-cadherin and β-integrin) and promoting cell migration and invasion. These results demonstrate that five out of six alternative PFAS tested are clearly less harmful to MCF-10A cells than previously studied PFOS and PFOA, but raise concerns about PFHxS that also has been associated with breast cancer in epidemiological studies.
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Carcinogenesis; Constitutive Androstane Receptor; Environmental Pollutants; Fluorocarbons; Humans
PubMed: 34843762
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151945 -
Environmental Science & Technology May 2023Drinking water contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is widespread near more than 300 United States (U.S.) military bases that used aqueous...
Drinking water contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is widespread near more than 300 United States (U.S.) military bases that used aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for fire training and firefighting activities. Much of the PFAS at these sites consist of precursors that can transform into terminal compounds of known health concern but are omitted from standard analytical methods. Here, we estimate the expected duration and contribution of precursor biotransformation to groundwater PFAS contamination at an AFFF-contaminated military base on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States, by optimizing a geochemical box model using measured PFAS concentrations from a multidecadal time series of groundwater and a soil survey in the source zone. A toolbox of analytical techniques used to reconstruct the mass budget of PFAS showed that precursors accounted for 46 ± 8% of the extractable organofluorine (a proxy for total PFAS) across years. Terminal PFAS still exceed regulatory limits by 2000-fold decades after AFFF use ceased. Measurements and numerical modeling show that sulfonamido precursors are retained in the vadose zone and their slow biotransformation into perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (half-life > 66 yr) sustains groundwater concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). The estimated PFAS reservoir in the vadose zone and modeled flux into groundwater suggest PFAS contamination above regulatory guidelines will persist for centuries without remediation.
Topics: Humans; Military Personnel; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water; Water Pollution; Fluorocarbons; Alkanesulfonates; Groundwater
PubMed: 37184088
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00675 -
Environment International Feb 2023Bisphenol S (BPS) and its 11 emerging analogues were investigated in 325 urine samples from five occupational populations in South China. Besides BPS, ten emerging BPS...
Bisphenol S (BPS) and its 11 emerging analogues were investigated in 325 urine samples from five occupational populations in South China. Besides BPS, ten emerging BPS analogues were newly identified and detected in the urine. It should be noted that urinary concentrations of dominant BPS analogues of 2,4'-bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (2,4-BPS), bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (TGSA) and diphenylsulfone (DPS) were 1.1-2.3 times higher than that of BPS, with overall detection frequencies at 74-91 %. The median sum concentrations of the target 12 bisphenols (ng/mL) were found highest in urine from cashiers (1.12), followed by water plant staffs (0.994), teachers (0.552), doctors (0.408) and power plant staffs (0.333). The composition profile of the urinary dominant bisphenols was occupational-dependent, with 2,4-BPS accounting for 45-73 % in cashiers and power plant staffs, and with DPS and TGSA for 74-82 % among doctors, teachers and water plant staffs. Significant correlations were found among the most frequently detected bisphenols in cashiers, indicating their common application and emission pathways. The median exposures based on estimated daily intakes (EDIs, ng/kg bw/day) for the 12 bisphenols in cashiers and water plant staffs (31.6-35.6) were 1.8-3.4 times higher than those of teachers, doctors and power plant staffs (10.6-17.5). This is the first study to identify multiple emerging BPS analogues in urine from occupational populations, especially cashiers and water plant staffs.
Topics: Humans; Phenols; Sulfones; Benzhydryl Compounds; China
PubMed: 36736027
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107773 -
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal Feb 2019Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental obesogen. However, health effects of BPF and BPS...
BACKGROUND
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental obesogen. However, health effects of BPF and BPS remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the associations of BPA, BPF, and BPS with obesity in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We used data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2014, a nationally representative study. We included 745 participants aged 6 to 17 years old. General obesity was defined based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention body mass index-for-age growth charts for the United States. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5.
RESULTS
After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and urinary creatinine levels, the odds ratio of general obesity comparing the highest with lowest quartile of urinary bisphenol levels was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 3.31) for BPA, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.32) for BPF, and 1.36 (95% CI, 0.53 to 3.51) for BPS. Moreover, the associations were stronger in boys than in girls for BPA and BPF. Similar results were observed for abdominal obesity.
CONCLUSION
This study for the first time showed that exposure to BPF, a commonly used substitute for BPA, was positively associated with higher risk of obesity in children and adolescents. The association of BPA and BPF with general and abdominal obesity was primarily observed in boys, suggesting a possible sex difference. Further investigations on the underlying mechanisms are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Mass Index; Child; Creatinine; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal; Phenols; Sex Characteristics; Socioeconomic Factors; Sulfones; United States; Waist-Height Ratio
PubMed: 30793552
DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0045