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Nutrients Mar 2017Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has become a popular dietary supplement used for a variety of purposes, including its most common use as an anti-inflammatory agent. It has... (Review)
Review
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has become a popular dietary supplement used for a variety of purposes, including its most common use as an anti-inflammatory agent. It has been well-investigated in animal models, as well as in human clinical trials and experiments. A variety of health-specific outcome measures are improved with MSM supplementation, including inflammation, joint/muscle pain, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity. Initial evidence is available regarding the dose of MSM needed to provide benefit, although additional work is underway to determine the precise dose and time course of treatment needed to provide optimal benefits. As a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) approved substance, MSM is well-tolerated by most individuals at dosages of up to four grams daily, with few known and mild side effects. This review provides an overview of MSM, with details regarding its common uses and applications as a dietary supplement, as well as its safety for consumption.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Arthritis; Biological Availability; Cartilage; Dietary Supplements; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Myalgia; Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors; Sulfones
PubMed: 28300758
DOI: 10.3390/nu9030290 -
Environmental Health Perspectives May 2023Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been previously linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but only a few legacy PFAS were examined.
Environmental Exposure to Emerging Alternatives of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women Diagnosed with Infertility: A Mixture Analysis.
BACKGROUND
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been previously linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but only a few legacy PFAS were examined.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore this association with a variety of PFAS, including legacy, branched-chain isomers, and emerging alternatives, as well as a PFAS mixture.
METHODS
From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study on environmental endocrine disruptors and infertility in China. Three hundred sixty-six women with PCOS-related infertility and 577 control participants without PCOS were included in the current analysis. Twenty-three PFAS, including 3 emerging PFAS alternatives, 6 linear and branched PFAS isomers, 6 short-chain PFAS, and 8 legacy PFAS, were quantified in the plasma. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models [quantile-based g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods] were used to assess the association of individual PFAS and PFAS mixture with PCOS, as well as the potential interactions among the congeners.
RESULTS
After adjusting for potential confounders, Each 1-standard deviation higher difference in ln-transformed 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) level was significantly associated with a 29% (95% CI: 1.11, 1.52) and 39% (95% CI:1.16, 1.68) higher odds of PCOS, respectively. Meanwhile, branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) (i.e., br-PFHxS, n-PFOS, , ), short-chain PFAS (i.e., PFPeS and PFHxA) and other legacy PFAS [i.e., total concentrations of PFOS (T-PFOS), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)] were significantly associated with increased odds of PCOS. The PFAS mixture was positively related to PCOS in the BKMR model. A similar trend was observed in QGC model, a ln-unit increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with a 20% increased risk of PCOS [ (95% CI: 1.06, 1.37)]. After controlling for other PFAS homologs, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, HFPO-DA, , and PFDoA were the major contributors based on the QGC and BKMR models. The associations were more pronounced in overweight/obese women.
CONCLUSIONS
In this group of women, environmental exposure to a PFAS mixture was associated with an elevated odds of PCOS, with 6:2 Cl-PFESA, HFPO-DA, , and PFDoA being the major contributors, especially in overweight/obese women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11814.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Bayes Theorem; Overweight; Fluorocarbons; Environmental Exposure; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Infertility; Alkanesulfonates; Obesity; Environmental Pollutants
PubMed: 37134253
DOI: 10.1289/EHP11814 -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Dec 2022Fluorescent indicators that respond to changes in biological membrane potentials provide a powerful complement to existing methods for monitoring neuronal activity....
Fluorescent indicators that respond to changes in biological membrane potentials provide a powerful complement to existing methods for monitoring neuronal activity. Indicators that absorb and emit in the near infrared window are especially attractive, since lower energy wavelengths excite fewer biological molecules and can penetrate more deeply into biological tissues. In this work, we incorporate sulfone rhodamine chromophores into a voltage-sensitive scaffold in order to generate voltage sensitive fluorophores which absorb and emit above 700 nm. These Sulfone Rhodamine Voltage Reporters (SuRhoVRs) partition into cell membranes and display good sensitivity to membrane potential changes. The most sensitive SuRhoVR derivative also displays excellent photostability and can track membrane potential changes in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Rhodamines; Fluorescent Dyes; Diagnostic Imaging; Sulfones
PubMed: 36356288
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200906 -
Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research Sep 2007
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Models, Biological; PPAR alpha; PPAR gamma; Phenylpropionates
PubMed: 17907105
DOI: 10.3132/dvdr.2007.036 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Piglet coccidiosis due to is a major cause of diarrhea and poor growth worldwide. It can effectively be controlled by application of toltrazuril (TZ), and oral...
Piglet coccidiosis due to is a major cause of diarrhea and poor growth worldwide. It can effectively be controlled by application of toltrazuril (TZ), and oral formulations have been licensed for many years. Recently, the first parenteral formulation containing TZ in combination with iron (gleptoferron) was registered in the EU for the prevention of coccidiosis and iron deficiency anemia, conditions in suckling piglets requiring routine preventive measures. This study evaluated the absorption and distribution of TZ and its main metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZ-SO), in blood and intestinal tissues after single oral (20 mg/kg) or single intramuscular (45 mg/piglet) application of TZ. Fifty-six piglets were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. Animals were sacrificed 1-, 5-, 13-, and 24-days post-treatment and TZ and TZ-SO levels were determined in blood, jejunal tissue, ileal tissue, and mixed jejunal and ileal content (IC) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intramuscular application resulted in significantly higher and more sustained concentrations of both compounds in plasma, intestinal tissue, and IC. Higher concentrations after oral dosing were only observed one day after application of TZ in jejunum and IC. Toltrazuril was quickly metabolized to TZ-SO with maximum concentrations on day 13 for both applications. Remarkably, TZ and TZ-SO accumulated in the jejunum, the primary predilection site of , independently of the administration route, which is key to their antiparasitic effect.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Coccidiosis; Coccidiostats; Ileum; Injections, Intramuscular; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Sulfones; Swine; Swine Diseases; Triazines
PubMed: 34577103
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185633 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Dec 1998Organosulfonates are widespread compounds, be they natural products of low or high molecular weight, or xenobiotics. Many commonly found compounds are subject to... (Review)
Review
Organosulfonates are widespread compounds, be they natural products of low or high molecular weight, or xenobiotics. Many commonly found compounds are subject to desulfonation, even if it is not certain whether all the corresponding enzymes are widely expressed in nature. Sulfonates require transport systems to cross the cell membrane, but few physiological data and no biochemical data on this topic are available, though the sequences of some of the appropriate genes are known. Desulfonative enzymes in aerobic bacteria are generally regulated by induction, if the sulfonate is serving as a carbon and energy source, or by a global network for sulfur scavenging (sulfate-starvation-induced (SSI) stimulon) if the sulfonate is serving as a source of sulfur. It is unclear whether an SSI regulation is found in anaerobes. The anaerobic bacteria examined can express the degradative enzymes constitutively, if the sulfonate is being utilized as a carbon source, but enzyme induction has also been observed. At least three general mechanisms of desulfonation are recognisable or postulated in the aerobic catabolism of sulfonates: (1) activate the carbon neighboring the C-SO3- bond and release of sulfite assisted by a thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor; (2) destabilize the C-SO3- bond by addition of an oxygen atom to the same carbon, usually directly by oxygenation, and loss of the good leaving group, sulfite; (3) an unidentified, formally reductive reaction. Under SSIS control, different variants of mechanism (2) can be seen. Catabolism of sulfonates by anaerobes was discovered recently, and the degradation of taurine involves mechanism (1). When anaerobes assimilate sulfonate sulfur, there is one common, unknown mechanism to desulfonate the inert aromatic compounds and another to desulfonate inert aliphatic compounds; taurine seems to be desulfonated by mechanism (1).
Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fermentation; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 9990724
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00378.x -
Journal of the American Heart... Sep 2023Background Evidence is limited regarding the associations of prenatal and childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures with blood pressure (BP)...
Prenatal and Childhood Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposures and Blood Pressure Trajectories From Birth to Late Adolescence in a Prospective US Prebirth Cohort.
Background Evidence is limited regarding the associations of prenatal and childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures with blood pressure (BP) trajectories in children. Methods and Results Participants are from Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort in eastern Massachusetts. We measured PFAS in early-pregnancy maternal (median, 9.6 weeks) and midchildhood (median, 7.7 years) plasma samples. We conducted standardized BP measurements at 6 research visits: birth, infancy (median, 6.3 months), early childhood (median, 3.2 years), midchildhood (median, 7.7 years), early adolescence (median, 12.9 years), and late adolescence (median, 17.5 years). We used linear regression to examine associations of individual PFASs with BP at each visit, linear spline mixed-effects regression to model BP trajectories, and a mixture approach to estimate PFAS exposure burden. We included 9036 BP measures from 1506 participants. We observed associations between particular individual prenatal PFASs and child BP at specific time points, for example, prenatal 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (EtFOSAA) and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MeFOSAA) with higher systolic BP at birth; prenatal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and EtFOSAA with lower diastolic BP in infancy; and prenatal PFOS, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and EtFOSAA with higher systolic BP at midchildhood. No prenatal or childhood PFAS was consistently associated with BP across all visits. Diastolic BP trajectories from 0 to 20 years differed slightly by prenatal PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) ( values 0.01-0.09). Diastolic BP trajectories from 6 to 20 years differed slightly by midchildhood PFHxS and MeFOSAA (-values 0.03-0.08). Prenatal or childhood PFAS mixture burden scores were not associated with BP. Conclusions We found associations of prenatal and childhood PFAS exposures with BP at specific time points between birth and late adolescence but no consistent associations across all time points or PFAS types.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Blood Pressure; Prospective Studies; Fluorocarbons; Hypotension; Alkanesulfonates
PubMed: 37642023
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030760 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Numerous plants of medicinal value grow on Hainan Island (China). Given the lack of knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Chun and Y. F. Wu...
Numerous plants of medicinal value grow on Hainan Island (China). Given the lack of knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Chun and Y. F. Wu (), the application of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials in the food industry has attracted increasing interest. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, free-radical-scavenging capacity, and antibiosis of aqueous extracts of the fresh and dried leaves of The aqueous extract of the leaves of was obtained using steam distillation, and its chemical components were separated and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The free-radical-scavenging capacity and antibiosis were determined. Further, 28 and 20 compounds were isolated from the fresh leaf aqueous extract of (MSFLAE) and dried leaf aqueous extract of (MSDLAE), respectively. The free-radical-scavenging capacity of MSFLAE and MSDLAE was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, which was 43.43% and 38.74%, respectively. The scavenging capacity of MSFLAE and MSDLAE determined by the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS)) method was 46.90% and 25.99%, respectively. The iron ion reduction capacity of MSFLAE and MSDLAE was determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method as 94.7 and 62.9 μmol Fe⁺/L, respectively. This indicated that the two leaf aqueous extracts had a certain free-radical-scavenging capacity, and the capacity of MSFLAE was higher than that of MSDLAE. The antibiosis of the two leaf aqueous extracts on the three foodborne pathogenic bacteria was low, but the antimicrobial effects on Gram-positive bacteria were better than those on Gram-negative bacteria. The antibiosis of MSFLAE on and was greater than that of MSDLAE. Finally, MSFLAE and MSDLAE both had certain free-radical-scavenging capacities and antibiosis, confirming that the use of this plant in the research and development of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents was reasonable. Plant aqueous extracts are an essential source of related phytochemistry and have immense pharmacological potential.
Topics: Antibiosis; Steam; Alkanesulfonates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Escherichia coli; Magnoliaceae
PubMed: 37630187
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165935 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Polymers stand out as promising materials extensively employed in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their versatile applications owe much to the field of tissue... (Review)
Review
Polymers stand out as promising materials extensively employed in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their versatile applications owe much to the field of tissue engineering, which seamlessly integrates materials engineering with medical science. In medicine, biomaterials serve as prototypes for organ development and as implants or scaffolds to facilitate body regeneration. With the growing demand for innovative solutions, synthetic and hybrid polymer materials, such as polyethersulfone, are gaining traction. This article offers a concise characterization of polyethersulfone followed by an exploration of its diverse applications in medical and biotechnological realms. It concludes by summarizing the significant roles of polyethersulfone in advancing both medicine and biotechnology, as outlined in the accompanying table.
Topics: Polymers; Sulfones; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Biotechnology; Tissue Engineering; Animals; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 38673817
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084233 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Mar 2018Fungi are well known for their metabolic versatility, whether it is the degradation of complex organic substrates or the biosynthesis of intricate secondary metabolites.... (Review)
Review
Fungi are well known for their metabolic versatility, whether it is the degradation of complex organic substrates or the biosynthesis of intricate secondary metabolites. The vast majority of studies concerning fungal metabolic pathways for sulfur assimilation have focused on conventional sources of sulfur such as inorganic sulfur ions and sulfur-containing biomolecules. Less is known about the metabolic pathways involved in the assimilation of so-called "alternative" sulfur sources such as sulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfonates, sulfate esters and sulfamates. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the structural diversity of sulfur compounds assimilated by fungi as well as the biochemistry and genetics of metabolic pathways involved in this process. Shared sequence homology between bacterial and fungal sulfur assimilation genes have lead to the identification of several candidate genes in fungi while other enzyme activities and pathways so far appear to be specific to the fungal kingdom. Increased knowledge of how fungi catabolize this group of compounds will ultimately contribute to a more complete understanding of sulfur cycling in nature as well as the environmental fate of sulfur-containing xenobiotics.
Topics: Bacteria; Fungi; Genes, Fungal; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Sulfides; Sulfonamides; Sulfones; Sulfonic Acids; Sulfoxides; Sulfur; Sulfur Compounds; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 29550883
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2435-6