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Human Reproduction Update Jul 2023Regulated cell death is a fundamental component of numerous physiological processes; spanning from organogenesis in utero, to normal cell turnover during adulthood, as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Regulated cell death is a fundamental component of numerous physiological processes; spanning from organogenesis in utero, to normal cell turnover during adulthood, as well as the elimination of infected or damaged cells throughout life. Quality control through regulation of cell death pathways is particularly important in the germline, which is responsible for the generation of offspring. Women are born with their entire supply of germ cells, housed in functional units known as follicles. Follicles contain an oocyte, as well as specialized somatic granulosa cells essential for oocyte survival. Follicle loss-via regulated cell death-occurs throughout follicle development and life, and can be accelerated following exposure to various environmental and lifestyle factors. It is thought that the elimination of damaged follicles is necessary to ensure that only the best quality oocytes are available for reproduction.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
Understanding the precise factors involved in triggering and executing follicle death is crucial to uncovering how follicle endowment is initially determined, as well as how follicle number is maintained throughout puberty, reproductive life, and ovarian ageing in women. Apoptosis is established as essential for ovarian homeostasis at all stages of development and life. However, involvement of other cell death pathways in the ovary is less established. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature on cell death regulators in the ovary, with a particular focus on non-apoptotic pathways and their functions throughout the discrete stages of ovarian development and reproductive life.
SEARCH METHODS
Comprehensive literature searches were carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar for human, animal, and cellular studies published until August 2022 using the following search terms: oogenesis, follicle formation, follicle atresia, oocyte loss, oocyte apoptosis, regulated cell death in the ovary, non-apoptotic cell death in the ovary, premature ovarian insufficiency, primordial follicles, oocyte quality control, granulosa cell death, autophagy in the ovary, autophagy in oocytes, necroptosis in the ovary, necroptosis in oocytes, pyroptosis in the ovary, pyroptosis in oocytes, parthanatos in the ovary, and parthanatos in oocytes.
OUTCOMES
Numerous regulated cell death pathways operate in mammalian cells, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. However, our understanding of the distinct cell death mediators in each ovarian cell type and follicle class across the different stages of life remains the source of ongoing investigation. Here, we highlight recent evidence for the contribution of non-apoptotic pathways to ovarian development and function. In particular, we discuss the involvement of autophagy during follicle formation and the role of autophagic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and parthanatos during follicle atresia, particularly in response to physiological stressors (e.g. oxidative stress).
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Improved knowledge of the roles of each regulated cell death pathway in the ovary is vital for understanding ovarian development, as well as maintenance of ovarian function throughout the lifespan. This information is pertinent not only to our understanding of endocrine health, reproductive health, and fertility in women but also to enable identification of novel fertility preservation targets.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Humans; Apoptosis; Granulosa Cells; Mammals; Oocytes; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Regulated Cell Death; Homeostasis
PubMed: 36857094
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad005 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Jul 2024Ramos-Campo, DJ, Benito-Peinado, PJ, Caravaca, LA, Rojo-Tirado, MA, and Rubio-Arias, JÁ. Efficacy of split versus full-body resistance training on strength and muscle... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Ramos-Campo, DJ, Benito-Peinado, PJ, Caravaca, LA, Rojo-Tirado, MA, and Rubio-Arias, JÁ. Efficacy of split versus full-body resistance training on strength and muscle growth: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1330-1340, 2024-No previous study has systematically compared the effect of 2 resistance training routines commonly used to increase muscle mass and strength (i.e., split [Sp] and full-body [FB] routines). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines to compare the effects on strength gains and muscle growth in healthy adults. 14 studies (392 subjects) that compared Sp and FB routines in terms of strength adaptations and muscle growth were included. Regarding the effects of the Sp or FB routine on both bench press and lower limbs strength, the magnitude of the change produced by both routines was similar (bench press: mean difference [MD] = 1.19; [-1.28, 3.65]; p = 0.34; k = 14; lower limb: MD = 2.47; [-2.11, 7.05]; p = 0.29; k = 14). Concerning the effect of the Sp vs. FB routine on muscle growth, similar effects were observed after both routines in the cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors (MD = 0.30; [-2.65, 3.24]; p = 0.84; k = 4), elbow flexors (MD = 0.17; [-2.54, 2.88]; p = 0.91; k = 5), vastus lateralis (MD = -0.08; [-1.82, 1.66]; p = 0.93; k = 5), or lean body mass (MD = -0.07; [-1.59, 1.44]; p = 0.92; k = 6). In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta-analysis provides solid evidence that the use of Sp or FB routines within a resistance training program does not significantly impact either strength gains or muscle hypertrophy when volume is equated. Consequently, individuals are free to confidently select a resistance training routine based on their personal preferences.
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Lower Extremity; Muscle Development
PubMed: 38595233
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004774 -
Acta Biomaterialia Oct 2023Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance.... (Review)
Review
Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance. However, the surface inertia of Ti implants leads to delayed integration of Ti and new bone, as well as problems such as aseptic loosening and inadequate osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions can promote bone regeneration, and many studies have used Mg-containing materials to modify the Ti implant surface. This systematic review summarizes the methods, effects, and clinical applications of surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing coatings. Database collection was completed on Janury 1, 2023, and a total of 29 relevant studies were ultimately included. Mg can be compounded with different materials and coated to the surface of Ti implants using different methods. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that Mg-containing coatings promote cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. On the one hand, the surface roughness of implants increases with the addition of Mg-containing coatings, which is thought to have an impact on the osseointegration of the implant. On the other hand, Mg ions promote cell attachment through binding interactions between the integrin family and FAK-related signaling pathways. And Mg ions could induce osseointegration by activating PI3K, Notch, ERK/c-Fos, BMP-4-related signaling pathways and TRPM7 protein channels. Overall, Mg-based coatings show great potential for the surface modification of Ti implants to promote osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The inertia surface of titanium (Ti) implants leads to delayed osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions, known for promoting bone regeneration, have been extensively studied to modify the surface of Ti implants. However, no consensus has been reached on the appropriate processing methods, surface roughness and effective concentration of Mg-containing coatings for osseointegration. This systematic review focus on the surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing compounds, highlighting the effects of Mg-containing coatings on the surface properties of Ti implants and its associated mechanisms. Besides, we also provide an outlook on future directions to promote the clinical application of Mg-modified implants.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Ions; Magnesium; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 37517617
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.048 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Nov 2023The OPG/RANKL signal pathway was important regulation mechanism of bone remodeling cycle, but the effect of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL in osteoporosis was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The OPG/RANKL signal pathway was important regulation mechanism of bone remodeling cycle, but the effect of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL in osteoporosis was uncertain. We did a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the association between serum OPG/RANKL and osteoporosis.
METHODS
The systematic search, data extraction, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Randomized controlled studies were searched in PubMed, OvidMedline, Embase (1946 to present). Standard mean difference (SMD), and associated credible interval (CI) were calculated using RevMan statistical software to assess the continuous data. Heterogeneity in studies was measured by I values. Subgroup analysis was performed based on different bone turnover.
RESULTS
A total of 5 randomized controlled studies met the inclusion criteria. Both OPG and RANKL had no significant differences between the osteoporosis and control group, and the statistical heterogeneity was high in meta-analysis. However, RANKL had significant differences between the osteoporosis group with low bone turnover and control group (SMD = - 1.17; 95% CI - 1.77 to 0.57; P value < 0.01) in subanalysis. Furthermore, the OPG/RANKL ratio was significant lower in the osteoporosis group than in the control group (SMD = - 0.29; 95% CI - 0.57 to - 0.02; P value < 0.05), and the statistical heterogeneity was very low (Chi = 0.20, P = 0.66, I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis study supported OPG and RANKL were important modulatory factors of bone formation and resorption in bone turnover, respectively. Although the serum level of both OPG and RANKL were not associated with osteoporosis, but the OPG/RANKL ratio was associated with osteoporosis. In future, standardizing the test method and unit was good to clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Osteoprotegerin; Osteoporosis; Bone Remodeling; Osteogenesis; RANK Ligand; Bone Density
PubMed: 37932757
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04179-5 -
Molecular Psychiatry Oct 2023Adolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents,...
Adolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents, neurogenesis is very active during adolescence, when is particularly vulnerable to stress. Whether stress-related neurogenesis changes influence adolescence onset of psychiatric symptoms remains largely unknown. A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions, and behaviour, occurring after adolescence stress exposure in mice both acutely (at post-natal days 21-65) and in adulthood. A total of 37 studies were identified in the literature. Seven studies showed reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, and out of those two reported increased depressive-like behaviours, in adolescent rodents exposed to stress. Three studies reported a reduction in the number of new-born neurons, which however were not associated with changes in cognition or behaviour. Sixteen studies showed acutely reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including pre- and post-synaptic plasticity markers, dendritic spine length and density, and long-term potentiation after stress exposure. Cognitive impairments and depressive-like behaviours were reported by 11 of the 16 studies. Among studies who looked at adolescence stress exposure effects into adulthood, seven showed that the negative effects of stress observed during adolescence on either cell proliferation or hippocampal neuroplasticity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviour, had variable impact in adulthood. Treating adolescent mice with antidepressants, glutamate receptor inhibitors, glucocorticoid antagonists, or healthy diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A, prevented or reversed those detrimental changes. Future research should investigate the translational value of these preclinical findings. Developing novel tools for measuring hippocampal neurogenesis in live humans, would allow assessing neurogenic changes following stress exposure, investigating relationships with psychiatric symptom onset, and identifying effects of therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Brain; Cognition; Hippocampus; Neurogenesis; Rodentia; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 37612364
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02229-2 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Jun 2024Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) aim to support management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), but recommendations are often conflicting and implementation is poor,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) aim to support management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), but recommendations are often conflicting and implementation is poor, contributing to evidence-to-practice gaps. This systematic review investigated the contextual and methodological factors contributing to conflicting recommendations for hip and knee OA.
METHOD
Our systematic review appraised CPGs for managing hip and knee OA in adults ≥18 years (PROSPERO CRD42021276635). We used AGREE-II and AGREE-REX to assess quality and extracted data on treatment gaps, conflicts, biases, and consensus. Heterogeneity of recommendations was determined using Weighted Fleiss Kappa (K). The relationship between (K) and AGREE-II/AGREE-REX scores was explored.
RESULTS
We identified 25 CPGs across eight countries and four international organisations. The ACR, EULAR, NICE, OARSI and RACGP guidelines scored highest for overall AGREE-II quality (83%). The highest overall AGREE-REX scores were for BMJ Arthroscopy (80%), RACGP (78%) and NICE (76%). CPGs with the least agreement for pharmacological recommendations were ESCEO and NICE (-0.14), ACR (-0.08), and RACGP (-0.01). The highest agreements were between RACGP and NICE (0.53), RACGP and ACR (0.61), and NICE and ACR (0.91). Decreased internal validity determined by low-quality AGREE scores(<60%) in editorial independence were associated with less agreement for pharmacological recommendations.
CONCLUSION
There were associations between guideline quality and agreement scores. Future guideline development should be informed by robust evidence, editorial independence and methodological rigour to ensure a harmonisation of recommendations. End-users of CPGs must recognise the contextual factors associated with the development of OA CPGs and balance these factors with available evidence.
Topics: Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Evidence-Based Medicine
PubMed: 38452880
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.890 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2023To determine the association between genetic factors and molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and/or hypomineralised second primary molars by means of a systematic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between genetic factors and molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and/or hypomineralised second primary molars by means of a systematic review.
DESIGN
A search was performed in Medline-PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases; manual search and search in gray literature were also performed. Selection of articles was performed independently by two researchers. A third examiner was involved in cases of disagreement. Data extraction was performed using an Excel® spreadsheet and independent analysis was performed for each outcome.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were included. There was an association between MIH and genetic variants related to amelogenesis, immune response, xenobiotic detoxification and other genes. Moreover, interactions between amelogenesis and immune response genes, and SNPs in the aquaporin gene and vitamin D receptors were associated with MIH. Greater agreement of MIH was found in pairs of monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins. The heritability of MIH was 20 %. Hypomineralised second primary molars was associated with SNPs in the hypoxia-related HIF-1 gene and methylation in genes related to amelogenesis.
CONCLUSION
With very low or low certainty of evidence, an association was observed between MIH and SNPs in genes associated with amelogenesis, immune response, xenobiotic detox and ion transport. Interactions between genes related to amelogenesis and immune response as well as aquaporin genes were associated to MIH. With very low certainty of evidence, hypomineralised second primary molars was associated to a hypoxia-related gene and to methylation in genes related to amelogenesis. Moreover, higher agreement of MIH in pairs of monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins was observed.
Topics: Humans; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Molar Hypomineralization; Xenobiotics; Amelogenesis; Molar; Prevalence
PubMed: 37210809
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105716 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Aug 2023The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee mobility, and pain and discomfort, which seriously affects the quality of life. HUC-MSCs can promote cartilage production and have been widely used in research in the past decade. This article systematically summarizes that it is well used in basic research and clinical studies to promote inflammatory chondrogenesis in the treatment of OA. Provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study collected CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and articles related to the treatment of OA with HUC-MSCs since their publication, excluding non-basic and clinical studies such as reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 31 basic experimental studies and 12 clinical studies were included. Systematically analyze the effects of HUC-MSCs on inhibiting inflammatory factors, promoting chondrocyte production, and current clinical treatment.
RESULTS
HUC-MSCs can reduce inflammatory factors such as MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, IL-1β, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, induced conversion from M1 to M2 in OA to protect cartilage damage and reduce OA inflammation. Synthesize ColII, SOX9, and aggrecan at the same time to promote cartilage synthesis.
CONCLUSION
HUC-MSCs not only have typical stem cell biological characteristics, but also have rich sources and convenient material extraction. Compared with stem cells from other sources, HUC-MSCs have stronger proliferation, differentiation, and immune regulation abilities. Furthermore, there are no ethical issues associated with their use.
SAFETY
Primarily attributed to pain, the majority of individuals experience recovery within 24 h following injection. HUC-MSCs possess the ability to alleviate pain, enhance knee joint function, and potentially postpone the need for surgical intervention in both non-surgical and other cases, making them highly deserving of clinical promotion and application.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Chondrogenesis; Quality of Life; Knee Joint; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Umbilical Cord
PubMed: 37644595
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04131-7 -
Biomaterials Advances Oct 2023This systematic review evaluates the purpose, materials, physio-mechanical, and biological effects of bilayer scaffolds/membranes used for bone tissue engineering... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review evaluates the purpose, materials, physio-mechanical, and biological effects of bilayer scaffolds/membranes used for bone tissue engineering applications.
METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search of English-language literature from 2012 to October 2022 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar online databases according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality of animal studies was evaluated through the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
A total of 77 studies were sought for retrieval, and 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the synthesis results, most bilayers had a dense barrier layer that prevented connective tissue penetration and a loose osteogenic layer that supported cell migration and osteogenesis. PLGA, PCL, and chitosan were the most common polymers in the barrier layers, while the most utilized polymers in osteogenic layers were PLGA and gelatin. Electrospinning and solvent casting were the most common fabrication methods to design the bilayer structures. Many studies reported higher biological results for bilayers compared to their single layers. Also, fabricated bilayers' in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo new bone formation were significantly superior or at least comparable to the frequently used commercial membranes.
CONCLUSION
1) Bilayers with two distinct layers and different materials, porosities, mechanical properties, and biological behavior can significantly improve heterogeneous bone regeneration; 2) the addition of ceramics and/or drugs to the osteogenic layer enhances the osteogenic properties of the bilayers; 3) fabrication method and pore size of the layers play an important role in determining the mechanical and biological behavior of them.
Topics: Animals; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone and Bones; Osteogenesis; Polymers
PubMed: 37352742
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213528 -
The American Journal of Sports Medicine Apr 2024Approximately 90% of patients who undergo arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) are satisfied with their pain levels and function after surgery. However, a subset of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Approximately 90% of patients who undergo arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) are satisfied with their pain levels and function after surgery. However, a subset of patients experience continued symptoms that warrant revision surgery. Preoperative risk factors for RCR failure requiring revision surgery have not been clearly defined.
PURPOSE
To (1) determine the rate of RCR failure requiring revision surgery and (2) identify risk factors for revision surgery, which will help surgeons to determine patients who are at the greatest risk for RCR failure.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were performed. The initial search resulted in 3158 titles, and 533 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 10 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) human clinical studies, (2) arthroscopic RCR, (3) original clinical research, and (4) evaluation of preoperative risk factors for revision.
RESULTS
After a full-text review, a total of 16 risk factors were recorded and analyzed across 10 studies. Corticosteroid injection was the most consistent risk factor for revision surgery, reaching statistical significance in 4 of 4 studies, followed by workers' compensation status (2/3 studies). Patients with corticosteroid injections had a pooled increased risk of revision surgery by 47% (odds ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.36-1.52]). Patients with workers' compensation had a pooled increased risk of revision surgery by 133% (odds ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 2.09-2.60]). Age, smoking status, diabetes, and obesity were found to be risk factors in half of the analyzed studies.
CONCLUSION
Corticosteroid injections, regardless of the frequency of injections, and workers' compensation status were found to be significant risk factors across the literature based on qualitative analysis and pooled analysis. Surgeons should determine ideal candidates for arthroscopic RCR by accounting for corticosteroid injection history, regardless of the frequency, and insurance status of the patient.
Topics: Humans; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Reoperation; Incidence; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Risk Factors; Arthroscopy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38251854
DOI: 10.1177/03635465231182993