-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions,... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetes inhabit both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and are highly proficient in producing a wide range of natural products with diverse biological functions, including antitumor, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. In this review, we delve into the life cycle, ecology, taxonomy, and classification of actinomycetes, as well as their varied bioactive metabolites recently discovered between 2015 and 2023. Additionally, we explore promising strategies to unveil and investigate new bioactive metabolites, encompassing genome mining, activation of silent genes through signal molecules, and co-cultivation approaches. By presenting this comprehensive and up-to-date review, we hope to offer a potential solution to uncover novel bioactive compounds with essential activities.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ecosystem; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Products
PubMed: 37570885
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155915 -
BMC Nephrology Dec 2023Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the role and predictive significance of gut microbiome alterations in PD-associated cognitive impairment.
METHODS
A total of 29 non-dialysis ESRD patients and 28 PD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into subgroups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Faecal samples were analyzed using 16 S rRNA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA scores were used to assess the degree of cognitive impairment in patients.
RESULTS
The 16 S rRNA analysis demonstrated differences in gut microbiome abundance and structure between PD and non-dialysis ESRD patients and between PD patients with cognitive impairment (PCI) and PD patients with normal cognition (PNCI). At family and genus levels, Prevotellaceae exhibited the greatest structure difference, while Lactobacillus exhibited the greatest abundance difference between PCI and PNCI. Altered microbiota abundance significantly correlated with cognitive function and serum indicators in PD. In addition, different modules related to fatty acid, lipid, pantothenate, and coenzyme A biosynthesis, and tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism were inferred from 16 S rRNA data between PCI and PNCI. Both groups could be distinguished using models based on the abundance of Lactobacillaceae (Area under curve [AUC] = 0.83), Actinomycetaceae (AUC = 0.798), and Prevotellaceae (AUC = 0.778) families and Lactobacillus (AUC = 0.848) and Actinomyces (AUC = 0.798) genera.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiome evaluation could aid early cognitive impairment diagnosis in patients undergoing PD.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Cognition
PubMed: 38053016
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03410-z -
Biotechnology Advances Oct 2023Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality.... (Review)
Review
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Bacteria; Rhizosphere; Agriculture; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37356598
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota, particularly , has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and intervention studies have created substantial uncertainty regarding the contribution of to the formation of kidney stone.
METHODS
We employed a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and kidney stones using GWASs summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia. Moreover, we conducted a reserve MR analysis to assess the direction of the causal associations between gut microbiota and kidney stones. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach represents the primary method of Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
RESULTS
Our analyses do not yield supportive evidence for a causal link between the genus r (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.09, = 0.811) and the formation of kidney stones. The order (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.020), family (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, = 0.019), family (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96, = 0.015), genus (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.98, = 0.030) and genus (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99, = 0.040) had protective effects on kidney stones, and the genus (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, = 0.032), genus (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.84, = 0.028), genus (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.52, = 0.009) were risk factors for kidney stones. Differential abundance analysis provide no evidence of a association between and kidney stones, and showed genus Subdoligranulum were risk factors for kidney stones. Reverse MR analysis did not indicate any causal association of kidney stones on gut microbiota. No considerable heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was observed.
CONCLUSION
Our two-sample MR study did not find any causal relationship between genus and kidney stones. The association between gut microbiota and kidney stones does not solely depend on the presence of genus /. A more integrated approach using multiple omics platforms is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of kidney stones in the context of complex gene-environment interactions over time.
PubMed: 37502408
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204311 -
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology... 2024
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38403274
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.009 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Dec 2023Throughout the golden age of antibiotic discovery, Streptomyces have been unsurpassed for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites. Yet, this success has been... (Review)
Review
Throughout the golden age of antibiotic discovery, Streptomyces have been unsurpassed for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites. Yet, this success has been hampered by rediscovery. As we enter a new stage of biodiscovery, omics data and existing scientific repositories can enable informed choices on the biodiversity that may yield novel antibiotics. Here, we focus on the chemical potential of rare actinomycetes, defined as bacteria within the order Actinomycetales, but not belonging to the genus Streptomyces. They are named as such due to their less-frequent isolation under standard laboratory practices, yet there is increasing evidence to suggest these biologically diverse genera harbour considerable biosynthetic and chemical diversity. In this review, we focus on examples of successful isolation and genera that have been the focus of more concentrated biodiscovery efforts, we survey the representation of rare actinomycete taxa, compared with Streptomyces, across natural product data repositories in addition to its biosynthetic potential. This is followed by an overview of clinically useful drugs produced by rare actinomycetes and considerations for future biodiscovery efforts. There is much to learn about these underexplored taxa, and mounting evidence suggests that they are a fruitful avenue for the discovery of novel antimicrobials.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptomyces; Biodiversity
PubMed: 37804816
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102385 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with its etiology attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, dietary, environmental...
BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with its etiology attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, dietary, environmental factors, and infections such as . Despite the known risk factors, the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastric cancer remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastric cancer using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.
METHODS
Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the MiBioGen consortium and gastric cancer datasets, we selected instrumental variables for MR analysis based on their association with specific microbiota. We employed several MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and others, to estimate the causal effects of gut microbiota diversity on the risk of developing gastric cancer.
RESULTS
Our analysis identified significant associations between certain gut microbiota and gastric cancer risk. Specifically, taxa such as (OR = 0.540, 95%CI: 0.354-0.823, = 0.004), (OR = 0.756, 95%CI: 0.613-0.932, = 0.009), (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, < 0.05), (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, < 0.05), (OR = 0.863, 95%CI: 0.746-0.999, = 0.048) were found to have a protective effect against gastric cancer. Conversely, an increased risk of gastric cancer was associated with the abundance of (OR = 1.342, 95%CI: 1.071-1.681, = 0.011), (OR = 1.132, 95%CI: 1.012-1.267, = 0.030), and (OR = 1.207, 95%CI: 1.074-1.355, = 0.002). The findings were robust across various MR methods and were not driven by any single SNP, indicating a genuine causal relationship.
CONCLUSION
Our studies have shown that there is a causal relationship between intestinal flora and gastric cancer at the genetic level. , , , , , and as having a protective role against GC, while , , and were associated with an increased risk.
PubMed: 38628871
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383530 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of... (Review)
Review
Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of culturable actinobacteria associated with marine algae, their bioactivity and metabolites, and approaches to their isolation and determination of their biological properties. Furthermore, actinobacteria associated with marine algae are presented as a new subject for an extensive investigation to find novel and active natural products, which make them a potentially rich and innovative source for new drug development deserving more attention and exploration.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Drug Discovery; Bacteria
PubMed: 37446800
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135138 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2024Halitosis is a common oral condition, which leads to social embarrassment and affects quality of life. Cumulative evidence has suggested the association of...
Halitosis is a common oral condition, which leads to social embarrassment and affects quality of life. Cumulative evidence has suggested the association of tongue-coating microbiome with the development of intraoral halitosis. The dynamic variations of tongue-coating microbiota and metabolites in halitosis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the tongue-coating microbial and metabolic characteristics in halitosis subjects without other oral diseases using metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. The participants underwent oral examination, halitosis assessment, and tongue-coating sample collection for the microbiome and metabolome analysis. It was found that the microbiota richness and diversity were significantly elevated in the halitosis group. Furthermore, species from , , , and were significantly more abundant in the halitosis group. However, the and species exhibited opposite tendencies. Eleven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were significantly enriched in the halitosis tongue coatings, including cysteine and methionine metabolism. Functional genes related to sulfur, indole, skatole, and cadaverine metabolic processes (such as and ) were identified to be more abundant in the halitosis samples. The metabolome analysis revealed that indole-3-acetic, ornithine, and L-tryptophan were significantly elevated in the halitosis samples. Furthermore, it was observed that the values of volatile sulfur compounds and indole-3-acetic abundances were positively correlated. The multiomics analysis identified the metagenomic and metabolomic characteristics to differentiate halitosis from healthy individuals using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and random forest classifier. A total of 19 species and 39 metabolites were identified as features in halitosis patients, which included indole-3-acetic acid, , , and species. In conclusion, an evident shift in microbiome and metabolome characteristics was observed in the halitosis tongue coating, which may have a potential etiological significance and provide novel insights into the mechanism for halitosis.
Topics: Humans; Halitosis; Tongue; Male; Microbiota; Female; Adult; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Metagenomics; Young Adult; Actinomyces
PubMed: 38623900
DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230067 -
Anaerobe Aug 2023Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive,... (Review)
Review
Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw syndrome" - the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces spp. And ALOs - is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of Actinomyces spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of Actinomyces species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Mouth; Actinomycetaceae; Osteonecrosis
PubMed: 37482285
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767