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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2015Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been... (Review)
Review
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Classification; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 25788515
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00100-14 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2016The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is... (Review)
Review
The genus Actinotignum contains three species, Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii), Actinotignum urinale and Actinotignum sanguinis. A. schaalii is the species most frequently involved in human infections, with 172 cases, mostly urinary tract infections (UTIs), reported so far. Invasive infections have also been described. This facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod is part of the urinary microbiota of healthy patients. It is responsible for UTIs, particularly in elderly men and young children. A. schaalii is an underestimated cause of UTIs because of its fastidious growth on usual media and difficulties associated with its identification using phenotypic methods. Indeed, this slow-growth bacterium requires blood-enriched media and an incubation time of 48 hours under anaerobic or 5% CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, only matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or molecular-based methods allow the accurate identification of this bacteria. MALDI-TOF using Microflex LT with the Biotyper database (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) is the most reliable technology for the routine identification of A. schaalii. The identification of this uropathogen is all the more important because it is resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and second-generation quinolones that are widely used in the treatment of UTIs. Antimicrobial therapy using β-lactams prolonged for up to 2 weeks is the most efficient treatment and should be recommended. Microbiologists should assess the presence of A. schaalii in urine using appropriate culture and identification methods in the case of a direct examination that is positive for small coccoid rods, a negative nitrite urinary stick associated with leukocyturia, treatment failure with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones, or undocumented, repeated UTIs.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 26577137
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.038 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2019
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 31859756
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182019000300369 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Aug 2020
Topics: Actinomyces; Biofilms; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Lipoproteins; Microbiology; Periodicals as Topic; Quorum Sensing
PubMed: 32854815
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000969 -
BioMed Research International 2022The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora...
The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora and urinary tumors and identifying potential biomarkers for urinary tumors and new targets for prevention. We included four healthy adults (control group) and six patients diagnosed with urinary tract tumors (tumor group). In both groups, 10 and 50 ml clean middle urine samples were reserved. The 10 ml samples were analyzed (including pH, specific gravity, and leukocytes) using an automatic urine analyzer, and the 50 ml samples were analyzed by DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification, and high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between routine urine analysis and sequencing results was also analyzed. Testing using the DESeq2 method showed that, at the order level, there were significant differences in the abundance of Caulobacterales between the urinary flora of the two groups ( < 0.05); family level, , , and ( < 0.05); genus level, , , , , , , and ( < 0.05). LEfSe analysis found specific bacteria at the genus level in the urinary flora of the tumor group, namely, (genus Digestiflora) ( < 0.001) and Varibaculum ( < 0.001). Further correlation analysis showed that both species were positively correlated with the urine pH ( < 0.05). PICRUSt analysis showed significant differences in the two functional pathways of cell transformation and metabolism ( < 0.05). Combined with the results of bioinformatics analysis, some differential bacteria may be new biomarkers for urologic tumors, and there may be a correlation between urine pH and tumor occurrence. However, large-scale prospective studies and in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to further test and verify these findings.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Humans; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Tract; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35872872
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9368687 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Sep 2014The family Actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important...
The family Actinomycetaceae comprises several important pathogens that impose serious threat to human health and cause substantial infections of economically important animals. However, the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamic of this family are poorly characterized. Here, we provide detailed description of the genome characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes, a prevalent opportunistic bacterium that belongs to the family Actinomycetaceae, and the results of comparative genomics analyses suggested that T. pyogenes was a more versatile pathogen than Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in adapting various environments. We then performed phylogenetic analyses at the genomic level and showed that, on the whole, the established members of the family Actinomycetaceae were clearly separated with high bootstrap values but confused with the dominant genus Actinomyces, because the species of genus Actinomyces were divided into three main groups with different G+C content. Although T. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum were found to share the same branch as previously determined, our results of single nucleotide polymorphism tree and genome clustering as well as predicted intercellular metabolic analyses provide evidence that they are phylogenetic neighbors. Finally, we found that the gene gain/loss events occurring in each species may play an important role during the evolution of Actinomycetaceae from free-living to a specific lifestyle.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Biological Evolution; Phylogeny
PubMed: 25245410
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu211 -
Biotechnology Advances Oct 2023Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality.... (Review)
Review
Numerous biotic and abiotic stress in some geographical regions predisposed their agricultural matrix to challenges threatening plant productivity, health, and quality. In curbing these threats, different customary agrarian principles have been created through research and development, ranging from chemical inputs and genetic modification of crops to the recently trending smart agricultural technology. But the peculiarities associated with these methods have made agriculturists rely on plant rhizospheric microbiome services, particularly bacteria. Several bacterial resources like Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes (Streptomycetes) are prominent as bioinoculants or the application of their by-products in alleviating biotic/abiotic stress have been extensively studied, with a dearth in the application of rare Actinomycetes metabolites. Rare Actinomycetes are known for their colossal genome, containing well-preserved genes coding for prolific secondary metabolites with many agroactive functionalities that can revolutionize the agricultural industry. Therefore, the imperativeness of this review to express the occurrence and distributions of rare Actinomycetes diversity, plant and soil-associated habitats, successional track in the rhizosphere under diverse stress, and their agroactive metabolite characteristics and functionalities that can remediate the challenges associated with agricultural productivity.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Bacteria; Rhizosphere; Agriculture; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37356598
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108205 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2011
Topics: Actinomyces
PubMed: 22052401
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2011
Topics: Arcanobacterium
PubMed: 21879152
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Sep 2021Last year ActinoBase, a Wiki-style initiative supported by the UK Microbiology Society, published a review highlighting the research of particular interest to the... (Review)
Review
Last year ActinoBase, a Wiki-style initiative supported by the UK Microbiology Society, published a review highlighting the research of particular interest to the actinomycete community. Here, we present the second ActinoBase review showcasing selected reports published in 2020 and early 2021, integrating perspectives in the actinomycete field. Actinomycetes are well-known for their unsurpassed ability to produce specialised metabolites, of which many are used as therapeutic agents with antibacterial, antifungal, or immunosuppressive activities. Much research is carried out to understand the purpose of these metabolites in the environment, either within communities or in host interactions. Moreover, many efforts have been placed in developing computational tools to handle big data, simplify experimental design, and find new biosynthetic gene cluster prioritisation strategies. Alongside, synthetic biology has provided advances in tools to elucidate the biosynthesis of these metabolites. Additionally, there are still mysteries to be uncovered in understanding the fundamentals of filamentous actinomycetes' developmental cycle and regulation of their metabolism. This review focuses on research using integrative methodologies and approaches to understand the bigger picture of actinomycete biology, covering four research areas: ) technology and methodology; ) specialised metabolites; ) development and regulation; and ) ecology and host interactions.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Multigene Family; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 34515628
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001084