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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jan 2024During the course of development plants form tight interactions with microorganisms inhabiting their root zone. In turn, rhizosphere bacteria, in particular members of...
During the course of development plants form tight interactions with microorganisms inhabiting their root zone. In turn, rhizosphere bacteria, in particular members of the phylum Actinomycetota, positively influence the host plant by increasing access to essential nutrients and controlling the pathogenic microorganism's population. Herein, we report the characterisation of the rhizosphere associated actinobacteria community of Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens growing in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine). The overall composition of the bacterial community was elucidated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing followed by isolation of culturable microorganisms with the focus on actinomycetes. The metagenomic approach revealed that the representatives of phylum Actinomycetota (57.1%), Pseudomonadota (20.0%), and Acidobacteriota (12.2%) were dominating in the studied microbiome with Ilumatobacter (phylum Actinomycetota) (13.1%) being the dominant genus. Furthermore, a total of 159 actinomycete isolates, belonging to eight genera of Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Nonomuraea, Arthrobacter, Actinomadura, Kribbella, Cellulosimicrobium, and Mumia, were recovered from P. viridiglaucescens rhizosphere. The isolated species were tested for antimicrobial activity. 64% of isolates were active against at least one bacterial test-culture and 7.5% against fungal test culture. In overall, the rhizosphere bacterial communities act as a great source of actinobacterial diversity with the high potential for production of new bioactive compounds.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Actinomycetales; Streptomyces; Poaceae; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 38170239
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01906-0 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Feb 2024BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic...
BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is a clinically significant but uncommon infectious disease caused by anaerobic commensals of Actinomyces species, and the incidence of thoracic empyema is rare. We report an extremely rare case of empyema caused by Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii). CASE REPORT A 39-year-old man presented to our hospital with fever and dyspnea. He had massive pleural effusion and was diagnosed with a left lower-lobe abscess and left thoracic empyema. Thoracic drainage was performed and Ampicillin/Sulbactam was administered for 3 weeks. Four years later, the patient presented with back pain, and chest X-ray showed increased left pleural effusion. After close examination, malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected, and computed tomography-guided needle biopsy was performed, which yielded a viscous purulent pleural effusion with numerous greenish-yellow sulfur granules. A. naeslundii was identified through anaerobic culture. Thoracoscopic surgery of the empyema cavity was conducted, and Ampicillin/Sulbactam followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate was administered for approximately 6 months. No recurrence has been observed for 1 year since the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS Actinomyces empyema is a rare condition, and this case is the second reported occurrence of empyema caused by A. naeslundii. The visual identification of sulfur granules contributed to the diagnosis. Long-term antibiotic therapy plays a crucial role in treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Sulbactam; Empyema, Pleural; Actinomyces; Empyema; Pleural Effusion; Ampicillin; Sulfur
PubMed: 38368503
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943030 -
Medicine Feb 2024Actinomyces odontolyticus causes a rare, chronic granulomatous infection that is frequently associated with immunocompromised states. A odontolyticus can cause infection...
RATIONALE
Actinomyces odontolyticus causes a rare, chronic granulomatous infection that is frequently associated with immunocompromised states. A odontolyticus can cause infection in multiple organs, but empyema is rare.
PATIENT CONCERNS
We report a case of empyema caused by A odontolyticus. The patient was a 64-year-old man. He was admitted to the hospital with a 5-day history of fever and dyspnea. He had caries and sequelae of cerebral apoplexy.
DIAGNOSES
Metagenome next generation sequencing of pleural effusion was positive for A odontolyticus. Pathogen was identified by biphasic culture of pleural effusion fluid.
INTERVENTIONS
According to the drug sensitivity test, linezolid 0.6 g twice daily and clindamycin 0.6 g 3 times a day were administered intravenously. Thoracic drainage was initially performed, but the drainage was not sufficient. Medical thoracoscopy was performed to fully drain the pleural effusion.
OUTCOMES
After anti-infection and medical thoracoscopic therapy, the symptoms of this patient improved.
LESSONS
Microbial metagenome sequencing can find pathogens that are difficult to culture by traditional methods. Adequate drainage was the key to the treatment of empyema. Medical thoracoscopy was recommended to remove the pleural effusion and spoilage when thoracic drainage is difficult. The common clinical features of A odontolyticus include a mass or swelling, abdominal disease, dental disease, and subcutaneous abscesses. Microbial metagenome sequencing can find pathogens that are difficult to culture by traditional methods. Adequate drainage was the key to the treatment of empyema. Medical thoracoscopy was recommended to remove the pleural effusion and spoilage when thoracic drainage is difficult.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Empyema, Pleural; Pleural Effusion; Thoracoscopy; Drainage; Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae
PubMed: 38306531
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037003 -
Spinal Cord Series and Cases Feb 2024Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses (ISCA) are rare and caused by central nervous system infections. Although polymicrobial infections are rarely seen in ISCAs,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses (ISCA) are rare and caused by central nervous system infections. Although polymicrobial infections are rarely seen in ISCAs, isolation of the causative pathogen is important for treatment. Here, we describe a very rare case of ISCA resulting from a mixed Streptococcus and Actinomyces infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 82-year-old man presented with acute posterior cervical pain and progressive quadriplegia. Radiological investigations revealed a mass lesion showing marginal enhancement at the level of the C3-4 vertebrae. Microsurgical drainage was performed, and Streptococcus and Actinomyces were identified as causative agents. Subsequent antibiotic treatment was noted to be beneficial to the patient.
DISCUSSION
This case suggests that mixed infection can develop into ISCA depending on the causative agents such as Actinomyces. Prompt pathogen-directed antibacterial therapy is required for ISCA treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Abscess; Actinomyces; Spinal Cord Diseases; Streptococcus; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38368389
DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00618-5 -
BMC Genomic Data Feb 2024Recent advancements in genome-based taxonomic classification propose the reclassification of certain Actinomyces species into new genera, including Schaalia. Schaalia...
OBJECTIVE
Recent advancements in genome-based taxonomic classification propose the reclassification of certain Actinomyces species into new genera, including Schaalia. Schaalia odontolytica, the type species within this genus, is frequently found in the human oral cavity and has been associated with actinomycotic lesions. Currently, only two complete genomes of S. odontolytica strains have been reported. Recognizing the limited research on subspecies-level variation of S. odontolytica, we conducted genome sequencing of strain KHUD_008, isolated from a Korean periodontitis patient's subgingival biofilm. Additionally, we performed a comparative genome analysis using previously sequenced genomes of strain XH001 and strain FDAARGOS_732, both derived from the human oral cavity.
DATA DESCRIPTION
Pacific Biosciences Sequel II sequencing generated 15,904 and 76,557 raw sequencing sub-reads, which were integrated to assemble the de novo genome using the Microbial Genome Analysis pipeline in the Single-Molecule Real-Time Analysis. The genome assembly completeness, assessed by Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs, reached 99.2%. The genome is 2,389,595 bp with a GC content of 66.37%, and contains 2,002 protein-coding genes, 9 rRNAs, and 48 tRNA. Comparative analysis with two previously sequenced strains revealed many strain-specific genes in KHUD_008, primarily related to envelope biogenesis and replication/recombination/repair processes.
Topics: Humans; Genome; Actinomycetaceae; Base Sequence; Biofilms
PubMed: 38336675
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01184-9 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2023The extrusion of bacteria from infected root canals may lead to increase in symptoms, expansion of periapical lesions, and contribution to systemic diseases. The aim of...
INTRODUCTION
The extrusion of bacteria from infected root canals may lead to increase in symptoms, expansion of periapical lesions, and contribution to systemic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate a potential proof-of-concept model to study the extent to which bacteria can escape from infected root canals under dynamic loading (simulated chewing).
METHODS
The study was completed in 2 experiments performed at 2 institutions. Biofilms of Streptococcus intermedius in the first experiment and S. intermedius and Actinomyces naeslundii were allowed to grow in root canals of single-rooted extracted teeth for 3 weeks. The roots of the teeth were suspended in a small chamber containing dental transport medium and were mounted on a lower sample holder of a chewing simulator. In the experimental group, simulated chewing cycles equivalent to 1 year of function were conducted, and then bacterial migration was quantified and compared with stationary teeth.
RESULTS
All experimental samples of the loading group revealed bacterial penetration in both experiments. Several of the unloaded samples revealed no bacterial penetration. In the first experiment, a significantly higher number of bacteria were able to escape into the periapex of the loaded group compared with the unloaded group (P = .017). In the second experiment, there was no significant difference between the 2 bacterial species used in the amount of extruded bacteria; however, there was a highly significant effect for occlusal loading (P = .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
The potential for occlusal forces to enhance bacterial extrusion from infected root canals should be further explored.
Topics: Dental Pulp Cavity; Humans; Mastication; Biofilms; Actinomyces; Streptococcus intermedius; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 37611655
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.008 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023As the management of wheat fungal diseases becomes increasingly challenging, the use of bacterial agents with biocontrol potential against the two major wheat...
As the management of wheat fungal diseases becomes increasingly challenging, the use of bacterial agents with biocontrol potential against the two major wheat phytopathogens, and , may prove to be an interesting alternative to conventional pest management. Here, we have shown that dimethylpolysulfide volatiles are ubiquitously and predominantly produced by wheat-associated and actinomycetes, displaying antifungal activity against both pathogens. By limiting pathogen growth and DON virulence factor production, the use of such DMPS-producing strains as soil biocontrol inoculants could limit the supply of pathogen inocula in soil and plant residues, providing an attractive alternative to dimethyldisulfide fumigant, which has many non-targeted toxicities. Notably, this study demonstrates the importance of bacterial volatile organic compound uptake by inhibited , providing new insights for the study of volatiles-mediated toxicity mechanisms within bacteria-fungus signaling crosstalk.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Microbacterium; Triticum; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Soil; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37800942
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05292-22 -
BMC Research Notes Nov 2023Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas...
The potential of shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolites as antimicrobe and antibiofilm in the treatment of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
BACKGROUND
Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) and produce biofilm formation. Problem with antibiotic resistance challenges the need of an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore a solution to treat infection and the biofilm formed by A. hydrophila.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we used shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite 20 PM as antimicrobe and antibiofilm to treated eels infected with A. hydrophila.
RESULTS
Shallot skin powder (6.25 g 100 g feed) and Actinomycetes 20 PM metabolite (2 mL 100 g feed) were found to be effective as antimicrobe and antibiofilm agent in treating eels infected with A. hydrophila. Eel treated with antibiotic, shallot skin powder, and actinomycetes metabolite had 80%, 66%, and 73% survival rates, respectively. Other indicators such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased, but white blood cell count and phagocytic activity were dropped. Biofilm destruction were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to determined antibiofilm activity of actinomycetes metabolite against biofilm of A. Hydrophila.
CONCLUSIONS
Shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite were potential to treat infection of A. hydrophila in eel as an alternative treatment to antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Anguilla; Aeromonas hydrophila; Powders; Shallots; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biofilms; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37946241
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06611-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3....
We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without spp. and spp. during 48, 72, and 96 h of contact in culture (concentration 5 × 10 cells/well) in a round plate bound with 48 wells. Later, PBMC was collected for analysis by flow cytometry, with the monoclonal antibodies αCD14, αCD4, αCD8, αCD19 and αFoxp3, and acquired using an FACSCanto II cytometer. The supernatant of cellular cultures was analyzed for the quantification of inflammatory cytokines. Data analysis was performed in FlowJo v10.8.2 and FCAPArray software, and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad v5.0. software. We observed an increase in the percentage of CD14 cells in patients at different hours of cellular culture in the presence of both spp. and spp. microorganisms, compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates the role played by the innate immune system in the pathogeny of endodontic primary infections, explaining the effects that generate the more common microorganisms in this oral pathology.
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Cytokines; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Monocytes; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38069174
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316853 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2024In this study, the main agents associated with endometritis in cows in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were identified and the resistance profile and virulence...
In this study, the main agents associated with endometritis in cows in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were identified and the resistance profile and virulence mechanisms of the bacterial isolates were evaluated. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes were tested for their biofilm forming ability and the antimicrobial action of bromhexine hydrochloride in combination with other antimicrobials. A total of 37 uterine lavage samples were collected from cows with endometritis. Of the 55 bacteria isolated, 25.4% were identified as T. pyogenes and 16.3% as E. coli. The bacterial isolates showed greater resistance to sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (58.2%) and tetracycline (56.3%). Among the species, E. coli showed the highest resistance rates, with 100% of isolates showing resistance to amoxicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration for the T. pyogenes isolates showed that 91.6% of the isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and tetracycline, and 75% were resistant to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. All E. coli and T. pyogenes isolates showed biofilm forming ability. The plo, fimA, and nanH genes were identified in 100% of T. pyogenes isolates. In parallel, 100% of E. coli isolates had the fimH gene, and 11.1% had the csgD gene. Bromhexine hydrochloride showed antimicrobial activity against 100% of E. coli isolates and 66.6% of T. pyogenes isolates. Furthermore, when associated with antimicrobials, bromhexine hydrochloride has a synergistic and additive effect, proving to be an option in the treatment of endometritis in cows and an alternative for reducing the use of antimicrobials.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Endometritis; Female; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cattle Diseases; Actinomycetaceae; Escherichia coli Infections; Actinomycetales Infections; Biofilms; Brazil; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38639845
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01320-2