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The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 2024Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection caused by Actinomyces species, and the diagnosis is often challenging owing to low prevalence and diverse clinical manifestations....
Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection caused by Actinomyces species, and the diagnosis is often challenging owing to low prevalence and diverse clinical manifestations. Pericardial involvement of actinomycosis is particularly rare. Here, we present a case of a 79-year-old man who initially complained of exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and decreased urine amount. There was no fever, chest pain, or productive cough. Physical examination was remarkable for decreased breath sounds at the left lower lung field. Poor dental hygiene and a firm, well-defined mass without discharge over the hard palate were noted. Echocardiography revealed reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle, global hypokinesia, and thickened pericardium (> 5 mm) with a small amount of pericardial effusion. On admission, the patient underwent diagnostic thoracentesis, and the results suggested an exudate. However, bacterial and fungal cultures were all negative. There was no malignant cell by cytology. Computed tomography revealed contrast-enhanced pericardial nodular masses. Video-assisted thoracoscopic pericardial biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed actinomycosis with chronic abscess formation, and a tissue culture yielded Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The symptoms resolved with administration of clindamycin for 6 months. This case highlights the challenge in the diagnosis of cardiac actinomycosis, the potential role of concomitant microorganisms as diagnostic clues, and the favorable clinical response achieved with appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Oral Hygiene; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pericardium
PubMed: 38295417
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0618 -
Nutrition and Cancer 2024This hospital-based, cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between diet and fluctuating intestinal bacteria in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) (, ,...
This hospital-based, cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between diet and fluctuating intestinal bacteria in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) (, , , and ). Healthy participants ( = 212) who underwent total colonoscopy at National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) were divided into two groups according to the relative abundance of bacteria in their feces: those in the top 25% of relative bacterial abundance as cases and the bottom 25% as controls. The participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) according to their intake of food groups associated with CRC. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association between dietary intake and higher relative abundance of bacteria. Dairy products were inversely associated with a higher relative abundance of , , and , with odds ratios (high vs. low) and 95% confidence interval as follows: 0.16 (0.06-0.44), 0.25 (0.08-0.82), and 0.29 (0.11-0.78), respectively. Additionally, dietary fiber was inversely associated with a higher relative abundance of (0.29 [0.11-0.78]). No association was observed between diet and . In conclusion, healthy adults with a higher intake of dairy products and fiber had lower odds of having a higher relative abundance of CRC-associated microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Aged; Adult; Carcinogenesis; Dairy Products; Actinomyces
PubMed: 38642022
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2344257 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jan 2024The coculture theory that promotes denitrification relies on effectively utilizing the resources of low-efficiency denitrification microbes. Here, the strains sp. PYX97...
The coculture theory that promotes denitrification relies on effectively utilizing the resources of low-efficiency denitrification microbes. Here, the strains sp. PYX97 and sp. TSJ96 were isolated and showed lower denitrification capacity when cultured individually. However, the coculture of strains PYX97 and TSJ96 enhanced nitrogen removal (removed 96.40% of total nitrogen) and organic carbon reduction (removed 92.13% of dissolved organic carbon) under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen balance analysis indicated that coculturing enhanced the efficiency of nitrate converted into gaseous nitrogen reaching 70.42%. Meanwhile, the coculturing promoted the cell metabolism capacity and carbon source metabolic activity. The coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 thrived in conditions of C/N = 10, alkalescence, and 150 rpm shaking speed. The coculturing reduced total nitrogen and COD in the raw water treatment by 83.32 and 84.21%, respectively. During this treatment, the cell metabolic activity and cell density increased in the coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 reactor. Moreover, the coculture strains could utilize aromatic protein and soluble microbial products during aerobic denitrification processes in raw water treatment. This study suggests that coculturing inefficient actinomycete strains could be a promising approach for treating polluted water bodies.
Topics: Denitrification; Aerobiosis; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Carbon; Coculture Techniques; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Nitrification
PubMed: 38102081
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05062 -
Fitoterapia Jan 2024Four previously undescribed angucyclinones umezawaones A-D (1-4) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Umezawaea beigongshangensis. Their structures were determined...
Four previously undescribed angucyclinones umezawaones A-D (1-4) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Umezawaea beigongshangensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical C NMR and electronic circular dichroism calculations. All compounds displayed strong inhibitory activities against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in enzymatic assay, especially compound 2.
Topics: Tryptophan Oxygenase; Angucyclines and Angucyclinones; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37926399
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105716 -
Microbial Genomics May 2024Cutaneous ulcers are common in yaws-endemic areas. Although often attributed to ' subsp. and , quantitative PCR has highlighted a significant proportion of these ulcers...
Using 16s rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiome of tropical cutaneous ulcer disease: insights into the microbial landscape and implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Cutaneous ulcers are common in yaws-endemic areas. Although often attributed to ' subsp. and , quantitative PCR has highlighted a significant proportion of these ulcers are negative for both pathogens and are considered idiopathic. This is a retrospective analysis utilising existing 16S rRNA sequencing data from two independent yaws studies that took place in Ghana and the Solomon Islands. We characterized bacterial diversity in 38 samples to identify potential causative agents for idiopathic cutaneous ulcers. We identified a diverse bacterial profile, including , , , spp and , consistent with findings from previous cutaneous ulcer microbiome studies. No single bacterial species was universally present across all samples. The most prevalent bacterium, , appeared in 42% of samples, suggesting a multifactorial aetiology for cutaneous ulcers in yaws-endemic areas. This study emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of potential causative agents. The findings prompt further exploration into the intricate microbial interactions contributing to idiopathic yaw-like ulcers, guiding future research toward comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Skin Ulcer; Ghana; Male; Yaws; Retrospective Studies; Female; Adult; Bacteria; Melanesia; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Arcanobacterium; Campylobacter
PubMed: 38739120
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001234 -
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38546436
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16717 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2023BACKGROUND Actinomyces, a filamentous, branching, anaerobic gram-positive bacillus, typically found as a commensal organism in the oral cavity, can lead to rare chronic...
BACKGROUND Actinomyces, a filamentous, branching, anaerobic gram-positive bacillus, typically found as a commensal organism in the oral cavity, can lead to rare chronic bacterial infections in various anatomical regions. Chest wall involvement represents an uncommon presentation, posing significant diagnostic challenges. This report focuses on the case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with chest wall actinomycetoma that closely resembled Ewing sarcoma on imaging. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 13-year-old male with no previous medical history who presented to the Emergency Department with progressive left-sided chest pain following a sports-related fall. Physical examination revealed mild swelling and tenderness on the left anterior chest wall. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large tumor involving the lower left chest wall, suggesting Ewing sarcoma. However, a histopathological examination unexpectedly confirmed actinomycosis of the chest wall. Intravenous penicillin G was promptly initiated for 4 weeks. A follow-up CT scan after 4 weeks of therapy demonstrated a significant response with notable reduction in the size of the chest wall mass. The patient then continued with maintenance therapy using oral amoxicillin for 12 months. Throughout this period, complete resolution of the chest wall mass occurred, with no significant adverse events or complications observed. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of considering uncommon differential diagnoses like chest wall actinomycosis in patients presenting with chest wall masses. The diagnostic complexities associated with this rare condition emphasize the need for a comprehensive evaluation strategy, incorporating histopathological examination and imaging.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Sarcoma, Ewing; Thoracic Wall; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Amoxicillin
PubMed: 37919883
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941498 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2023Actinomycosis is a rare chronic infection, caused by species of the bacterium spp. This report proposes oral breast trauma as a cause of infection. An adult female in...
Actinomycosis is a rare chronic infection, caused by species of the bacterium spp. This report proposes oral breast trauma as a cause of infection. An adult female in her 30s presented with a recurrent left breast abscess to a local hospital. She had previously undergone nine operations for abscess in the past 2 years. Shortly prior to her first presentation, a sexual partner with reported dental infection bit her periareolar area. The treating team noted that her bacterial culture from the first operation was positive for spp. She was treated with long-term intravenous antibiotics and had no further recurrences of infection. Oral trauma to the periareolar area by an individual with pre-existing dental disease has led to the introduction and establishment of this pathogen in the ductal system of the breast. This infection should be considered in cases of treatment resistant recurrent breast abscess.
Topics: Female; Adult; Humans; Abscess; Breast; Mastitis; Actinomycetaceae; Empyema, Pleural; Thoracic Injuries
PubMed: 37723094
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253472 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jul 2024Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic zoonotic bacterial pathogen, whose antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genetic relatedness between strains from animals and...
Trueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic zoonotic bacterial pathogen, whose antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genetic relatedness between strains from animals and humans are barely studied. These characteristics were therefore analyzed for clinical T. pyogenes strains from 31 animals of 11 different species and 8 humans determining their complete circular genome sequence and antimicrobial susceptibility. The MICs of 19 antimicrobials including 3 antiseptics correlated to the resistance genes identified in silico within the genomes revealing a predominance of resistance to streptomycin (aadA9), sulfamethoxazole (sul1), and tetracycline (tet(33), tet(W/N/W)) among strains from humans and cattle. Additional resistance genes (erm(X), erm(56), cmx, drfA1, aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia) were found only sporadically. The resistance genes were localized on genetic elements integrated into the chromosome. A cgMLST-based phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clusters each containing genetically diverse strains. The human strains showed the closest relatedness to strains from cattle. Virulence genes coding for fimbriae (fimA, fimC), neuroamidase (nanP, nanH), pyolysin (plo), and collagen binding protein (cbpA) were identified in strains from different hosts, but no correlation was observed between virulence factors and strain origin. The existence of resistance genes typically found in Gram-negative bacteria within the Gram-positive T. pyogenes indicates a wider capacity to adapt to antimicrobial selective pressure. Moreover, the presence of similar antimicrobial resistance profiles found in cattle and human strains as well as their closest relatedness suggests common zoonotic features and cattle as the potential source for human infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Phylogeny; Cattle; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Virulence; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Actinomycetaceae; Whole Genome Sequencing; Virulence Factors; Actinomycetales Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38749210
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110102 -
Natural Product Research May 2024Hemiactinomycin (), an intermediate derivative of actinomycin biosynthesis, together with three known actinomycins (-) , were isolated from the ethanolic extract of...
Hemiactinomycin (), an intermediate derivative of actinomycin biosynthesis, together with three known actinomycins (-) , were isolated from the ethanolic extract of H41-55 fermentation mycelium by using various column chromatography. The structure of the derivative was established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were tested. The derivative () showed inhibiting NO release activities in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with the IC values of 15.41 ± 0.66 μM.
Topics: Streptomyces antibioticus; Dactinomycin; Streptomyces; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces
PubMed: 36564053
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2161541