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PeerJ 2023The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be...
BACKGROUND
The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, , , , and .
METHODS
Young shoots of , , and were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00'11.89″N, 101°42'43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58'44.41″N, 101°42'44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5'50.9″N, 100°26'49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of and and four replicates of were used for the subsequent analyses.
RESULTS
In the proximate analysis, possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g), whereas had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380-40,380 mg kg and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16-27 mg kg. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., , and are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.
Topics: Humans; Copper; Minerals; Vegetables; Potassium; Fresh Water; Nutritive Value; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37456903
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15496 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023The paper focused on occurrence, characterization, and analytical methods of microplastic (MP) pollution in the lentic environment mainly for the Indian scenario. To... (Review)
Review
The paper focused on occurrence, characterization, and analytical methods of microplastic (MP) pollution in the lentic environment mainly for the Indian scenario. To understand the flow of MP from plastic waste, a material flow diagram was developed using STAN, assigning the transfer coefficients based on existing scientific literature and primary survey from local recycling facilities and industries. The quantity, morphology, and polymers of MP in the water and sediments of the lentic environment were compared for various states from 2011 to 2022. The reasons for the geographical heterogeneity in microplastics may be the migratory routes of MPs in the ecosystems like commercial uses and wastewater characteristics which possibly discharged in lentic system. Factors like particle density, water surface area, water surface depth, wind speed and direction, and water flow size mainly affect MP concentrations in the lentic water body, and mainly PHI and PLI are keys to MP risk analysis. The surface characteristics of MPs reveal that it absorbs many toxic contaminants including heavy metals. The impacts of MP on ecosystem and human health were also discussed. The impacts of socioeconomic conditions on MP concentrations for different states in India were also added. Proposed methods for plastic waste generation control also included which will help for developing policy in future to prevent MP pollution in lentic environments and also motivate future researchers to establish new standardized methods of MP analysis.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Ecosystem; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Water
PubMed: 37910348
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30604-7 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Aug 2023The prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in meat, edible offal, and meat products (MOP) was assessed through systematic review and meta-analysis. Four electronic databases... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The prevalence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in meat, edible offal, and meat products (MOP) was assessed through systematic review and meta-analysis. Four electronic databases were used to gather data from 1975 to September 15, 2022. Seventy-five articles comprising 8585 samples were identified and analyzed. The studies included in the analysis were conducted at a global level, with a predominant focus on Europe [72% (54/75)], Asia [13.33% (10/75)], Africa [13.33% (10/75)], and North America [1.33% (1/75)]. The overall prevalence of OTA in MOP was 39%. The highest and lowest prevalence percentages were recorded in Iraq (77%) and the USA (3%), respectively. Concerning food type, OTA prevalence was highest in the poultry gizzard (66%) and lowest in the cow liver (2%). The overall concentration of OTA in the MOP was 1.789 μg/kg. Poultry kidneys had the highest concentration of OTA (0.880-22.984 μg/kg), while pork had the lowest concentration (0.127-0.824 μg/kg). Conspicuous amounts of OTA contamination have been reported in fermented sausages. The lowest OTA concentration was found in Belgium (0.220 μg/kg) and the highest in Denmark (60.527μg/kg). These results can help food authorities minimize and control OTA in the MOP.
Topics: Animals; Female; Cattle; Food Contamination; Prevalence; Ochratoxins; Meat; Poultry
PubMed: 37390956
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113921 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2024Fish and seafood products are one of the most common causes of listeriosis in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using scientific literature to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Fish and seafood products are one of the most common causes of listeriosis in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using scientific literature to summarize available data on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria sp. in fish, fish products and fish processing environment. Meta-analysis models were used to estimate the mean prevalence of the pathogen and to compare prevalence among the most popular fishes. Data from a total of 14,496 samples were analysed. Pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria sp. in raw fish was 5.8 % (95 % CI: 4.7-6.9) and 12.2 % (95 % CI: 8.9-15.5) respectively. Significantly higher results were observed for ready-to-eat products, occurrence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria sp. was 14.5 % (95 % CI: 11.1-18.0) and 21.7 % (95 % CI: 11.8-31.6) respectively. Moreover, meta-regression was performed to investigate changes in L. monocytogenes and Listeria sp. occurrence over the years and it shows a downward trend for both raw fish and RTE products. The results of the present study provide useful epidemiological information about the contamination level and distribution of Listeria sp. and L. monocytogenes among raw fish, fish products and fish processing environment.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria; Food Microbiology; Food Contamination; Prevalence; Fish Products; Fishes
PubMed: 37866612
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167912 -
Environmental Research Aug 2023Amphibole minerals are found throughout nature and could pose a respiratory hazard if these exist in the asbestiform growth habit. Though amphibole asbestos has not been...
Amphibole minerals are found throughout nature and could pose a respiratory hazard if these exist in the asbestiform growth habit. Though amphibole asbestos has not been used in commercial products as an added material for more than 30 years, these minerals could exist in other materials as trace contaminants as well as occurring in mines and earth-moving environments. It is necessary, then, that the asbestiform amphibole minerals be properly identified in order to appropriately use health-protective measures. Recent analyses of various amphibole data sets have been used to derive a discriminant function that can be used to differentiate asbestiform amphibole from non-asbestiform amphibole minerals. This paper expands on this function and examines the validity of the procedure for different size fractions of minerals. This analysis suggests that the derived function is appropriate for fibers 10 μm and longer. For fibers shorter than 10 μm, the data suggest that a broader acceptance limit may be needed. The data also suggest that current analytical procedures may require some adjustment to provide more accurate details on the widths of fibers. With additional samples, the accuracy of the discriminate function can be improved by calculating functions for each mineral.
Topics: Asbestos, Amphibole; Discriminant Analysis; Minerals; Mining
PubMed: 36965796
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114579 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Sep 2023In this study, based on the assessment of soil heavy metals (HMs) pollution using relevant indices, a comprehensive approach combined network environ analysis (NEA),...
Heavy metals distribution characteristics, source analysis, and risk evaluation of soils around mines, quarries, and other special areas in a region of northwestern Yunnan, China.
In this study, based on the assessment of soil heavy metals (HMs) pollution using relevant indices, a comprehensive approach combined network environ analysis (NEA), human health risk assessment (HHRA) method and positive definite matrix factor (PMF) model to quantify the risks among ecological communities in a special environment around mining area in northwest Yunnan, calculated the risk to human health caused by HMs in soil, and analyzed the pollution sources of HMs. The integrated risks for soil microorganisms, vegetations, herbivores, and carnivores were 2.336, 0.876, 0.114, and 0.082, respectively, indicating that soil microorganisms were the largest risk receptors. The total hazard indexes (HI) for males, females, and children were 0.542, 0.591, and 1.970, respectively, revealing a relatively high and non-negligible non-carcinogenic risks (NCR) for children. The total cancer risks (TCR) for both females and children exceeded 1.00E-04, indicating that soil HMs posed carcinogenic risks (CR) to them. Comparatively, Pb was the high-risk metal, accounting for 53.76%, 57.90%, and 68.09% of HI in males, females, and children, respectively. PMF analysis yielded five sources of pollution, F1 (industry), F2 (agriculture), F3 (domesticity), F4 (nature), and F5 (traffic).
Topics: Child; Humans; Soil; China; Environmental Monitoring; Soil Pollutants; Risk Assessment; Metals, Heavy; Carcinogens
PubMed: 37459760
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132050 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2023The trend of incorporating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in breadmaking has been increasing, but its application is still facing technological difficulties. The objective of...
In vitro digestion properties and use of automatic image analysis to assess the quality of wheat bread enriched with whole faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flour and its protein-rich fraction.
The trend of incorporating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in breadmaking has been increasing, but its application is still facing technological difficulties. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of substituting the wheat flour (WF) with 10, 20, 30 and 40 % mass of whole bean flour (FBF) or 10 and 20 % mass of faba bean protein-rich fraction (FBPI) on the quality (volume, specific volume, density, colour, and texture), nutritional composition (total starch, free glucose, and protein contents), and kinetics of in vitro starch and protein digestibility (IVSD and IVPD, respectively) of the breads. Automated image analysis algorithm was developed to quantitatively estimate the changes in the crumb (i.e., air pockets) and crust (i.e., thickness) due to the use of FBF or FBPI as part of the partial substitution of wheat flour. Higher levels of both FBF and FBPI substitution were associated with breads having significant (p < 0.05) lower (specific) volume (at least 25 % reduction) and higher density (up to 35 %), increased brownness (up to 49 % and 78 % for crust and crumb respectively), and up to 2.3-fold increase in hardness. Result from the image analysis has provided useful insights on how FBF and FBPI affecting bread characteristics during baking such as loss of crumb expansion, decrease in air pocket expansion and increase in crust thickness. Overall, incorporation of FBF or FBPI in wheat bread were favourable in reducing the starch content and improving the protein content and IVPD of wheat bread. Since bread remains as a staple food due to its convenience, versatility and affordability for individuals and families on a budget, wheat bread enriched with faba bean could be a perfect food matrix to increase daily protein intake.
Topics: Humans; Vicia faba; Flour; Bread; Triticum; Digestion; Starch
PubMed: 37986480
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113630 -
PloS One 2024There is currently a growing interest in the so-called emerging pollutants, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene care products, drugs, etc., whose...
There is currently a growing interest in the so-called emerging pollutants, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene care products, drugs, etc., whose presence in natural ecosystems is not necessarily recent, but the development in latest years of new and more sensitive methods of analysis has allowed their detection. They can be present in the natural environment, food, and many products of everyday origin, which suggests that human exposure to them is massive and universal. Therefore, the study of this type of substances is becoming one of the priority lines of research of the main agencies dedicated to the protection of public and environmental health, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or European Union (EU). In this sense, it is of vital importance to know the nature and quantity of this type of contaminants, to establish preventive mechanisms that minimize its presence in aquatic systems, with special requirements for human consumption. This study aimed to describe a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the status of pesticides in European waters. We will search for original studies in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ScienceDirect databases. Prevalence studies of emerging contaminants (pesticides) in water resources (watersheds, aquifers, rivers, marine and springs), wastewaters (influent and effluent), and drinking water should be included. Two reviewers will independently screen and assess the included studies, with any disagreements being resolved by a third reviewer. We will summarize the findings using a narrative approach and, if possible, conduct a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). We will conduct the protocol following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The review will summarize the current evidence on the presence of pesticides in European waters such as glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, neonicotinoid pesticides, and/or fungicides, in samples of different water resources like wastewaters and drinking water. We expect that this systematic review will establish preventive mechanisms that minimize the presence of pesticides in water in the environment.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Ecosystem; Drinking Water; Wastewater; Prevalence; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 38530775
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282386 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023Non-targeted and suspect screening analysis is gaining approval across the scientific and regulatory community to monitor the chemical status in the environment and thus...
Non-targeted and suspect screening analysis using ion exchange chromatography-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry reveals polar and very mobile xenobiotics in Danish drinking water.
Non-targeted and suspect screening analysis is gaining approval across the scientific and regulatory community to monitor the chemical status in the environment and thus environmental quality. These holistic screening analyses provides the means to perform suspect screening and go beyond to discover previously undescribed chemical pollutants in environmental samples. In a case study, we developed and optimized a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry platform hyphenated with anion exchange chromatography to screen drinking water samples in Denmark. The optimized non-targeted screening method was able to detect anionic and polar compounds and was successfully applied to drinking water from two drinking water facilities. Following a data analysis pipeline optimization, anionic pesticide residues and other environmental contaminants were detected at confidence identification level 1 such as dimethachlor ESA, mecoprop, and dichlorprop in drinking water. In addition to these three substances, it was possible to detect another 1662 compounds, of which 97 were annotated at confidence identification level 2. More research is urgently needed to health risk prioritize the detected substances and to determine their concentrations.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Drinking Water; Xenobiotics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Denmark
PubMed: 37558003
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139745 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jul 2023
Topics: Vanadium; Soil; Plants; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37120002
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121683