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Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidentally observed specific CT findings in patients without clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILA with... (Review)
Review
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidentally observed specific CT findings in patients without clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILA with basal and peripheral predominance and features suggestive of fibrosis in more than 5% of any part of the lung should be referred for pulmonologist review. The strategy for monitoring as described in this review is based on clinical and radiological risk factors. ILA are associated with risk of progression to ILD and increased mortality. Early identification and assessment of risk factors for progression are essential to improve outcome.
Topics: Humans; Disease Progression; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lung; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38235774
DOI: 10.61409/V06230395 -
Nature Metabolism Oct 2023Metabolomic epidemiology is the high-throughput study of the relationship between metabolites and health-related traits. This emerging and rapidly growing field has... (Review)
Review
Metabolomic epidemiology is the high-throughput study of the relationship between metabolites and health-related traits. This emerging and rapidly growing field has improved our understanding of disease aetiology and contributed to advances in precision medicine. As the field continues to develop, metabolomic epidemiology could lead to the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers predictive of disease risk, aiding in earlier disease detection and better prognosis. In this Review, we discuss key advances facilitated by the field of metabolomic epidemiology for a range of conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, with a focus on potential clinical utility. Core principles in metabolomic epidemiology, including study design, causal inference methods and multi-omic integration, are briefly discussed. Future directions required for clinical translation of metabolomic epidemiology findings are summarized, emphasizing public health implications. Further work is needed to establish which metabolites reproducibly improve clinical risk prediction in diverse populations and are causally related to disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Metabolomics; Prognosis; Phenotype; Disease Progression; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 37872285
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00903-x -
Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Mar 2024Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a very heterogeneous, chronic, rare, but socioeconomically important disease with a severe disease course and severe impairment of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a very heterogeneous, chronic, rare, but socioeconomically important disease with a severe disease course and severe impairment of the quality of life of affected patients.
OBJECTIVES
Overview of the current state of research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of SSc.
METHODS
A literature search was performed.
RESULTS
The pathogenesis of SSc is not fully understood. ACR/EULAR criteria allow the diagnosis of early forms of SSc. Classification into limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc is of prognostic and therapeutic relevance. New organ-specific treatment options for SSc have led to improved quality of life and prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Scleroderma, Systemic; Scleroderma, Diffuse; Prognosis; Disease Progression
PubMed: 38366245
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-024-05298-8 -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Aug 2023The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a crucial mechanism for regulating protein levels in cells, with substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases serving as an integral... (Review)
Review
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a crucial mechanism for regulating protein levels in cells, with substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases serving as an integral component of this system. Among these ligases are SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) and SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 (SMURF2), which belong to the neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) subfamily of Homologous to E6-AP COOH terminus (HECT)-type E3 ligases. As E3 ligases, SMURFs have critical functions in regulating the stability of multiple proteins, thereby maintaining physiological processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The occurrence of many diseases is attributed to abnormal cell physiology and an imbalance in cell homeostasis. It is noteworthy that SMURFs play pivotal roles in disease progression, with the regulatory functions being complex and either facilitative or inhibitory. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which SMURF1 and SMURF2 can regulate disease progression in non-cancerous diseases. These significant findings offer potential novel therapeutic targets for various diseases and new avenues for research on SMURF proteins.
Topics: Humans; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Disease Progression; Ubiquitin
PubMed: 37490283
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300598R -
Muscle & Nerve Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Motor Neurons; Electromyography; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37165712
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27843 -
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America Jul 2023Preclinical meningioma models offer a setting to test molecular mechanisms of tumor development and targeted treatment options but historically have been challenging to... (Review)
Review
Preclinical meningioma models offer a setting to test molecular mechanisms of tumor development and targeted treatment options but historically have been challenging to generate. Few spontaneous tumor models in rodents have been established, but cell culture and in vivo rodent models have emerged along with artificial intelligence, radiomics, and neural networks to differentiate the clinical heterogeneity of meningiomas. We reviewed 127 studies using PRISMA guideline methodology, including laboratory and animal studies, that addressed preclinical modeling. Our evaluation identified that meningioma preclinical models provide valuable molecular insight into disease progression and effective chemotherapeutic and radiation approaches for specific tumor types.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Meningioma; Meningeal Neoplasms; Artificial Intelligence; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37210136
DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.02.014 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... 2023Many interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) share mechanisms that result in a progressive fibrosing phenotype. In Brazil, the most common progressive fibrosing interstitial...
Many interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) share mechanisms that result in a progressive fibrosing phenotype. In Brazil, the most common progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) are chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, unclassified ILD, and connective tissue diseases. PF-ILD is seen in approximately 30% of patients with ILD. Because PF-ILD is characterized by disease progression after initiation of appropriate treatment, a diagnosis of the disease resulting in fibrosis is critical. Different criteria have been proposed to define progressive disease, including worsening respiratory symptoms, lung function decline, and radiological evidence of disease progression. Although the time elapsed between diagnosis and progression varies, progression can occur at any time after diagnosis. Several factors indicate an increased risk of progression and death. In the last few years, antifibrotic drugs used in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have been tested in patients with PF-ILD. The effects of nintedanib and placebo have been compared in patients with PF-ILD, a mean difference of 107.0 mL/year being observed, favoring nintedanib. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency have approved the use of nintedanib in such patients on the basis of this finding. Pirfenidone has been evaluated in patients with unclassified ILD and in patients with other ILDs, the results being similar to those for nintedanib. More studies are needed in order to identify markers of increased risk of progression in patients with ILD and determine the likelihood of response to treatment with standard or new drugs.
Topics: United States; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Brazil; Phenotype; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37610955
DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230098 -
Trends in Cancer Sep 2023Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a driver of tumor evolution and a main cause of therapeutic resistance. Despite its importance, measures of ITH are still not... (Review)
Review
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a driver of tumor evolution and a main cause of therapeutic resistance. Despite its importance, measures of ITH are still not incorporated into clinical practice. Consequently, standard treatment is frequently ineffective for patients with heterogeneous tumors as changes to treatment regimens are made only after recurrence and disease progression. More effective combination therapies require a mechanistic understanding of ITH and ways to assess it in clinical samples. The growth of technologies enabling the spatially intact analysis of tumors at the single-cell level and the development of sophisticated preclinical models give us hope that ITH will not simply be used as a predictor of a poor outcome but will guide treatment decisions from diagnosis through treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37248149
DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.05.001 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Jan 2024In this educative article 10 medical questions related to the menopausal transition are answered. The questions are related to etiology, symptomatology, lab...
In this educative article 10 medical questions related to the menopausal transition are answered. The questions are related to etiology, symptomatology, lab investigation, sexuality, need for contraception, hormonal and non-hormonal treatments and their risks and benefits. The purpose of this article is to assist the healthcare practitioner to understand the impact of the menopausal transition, to recognize the symptoms and to understand the risks and benefits of treatment. As women on average work and live longer, they are on average 30 percent of their lives postmenopausal. Attention should be paid to quality of life not only during menopausal transition, but also thereafter, with special awareness of the long term sequelae on women's health.
Topics: Humans; Female; Quality of Life; Menopause; Contraception; Disease Progression; Educational Status
PubMed: 38319301
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Follicular; Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease Progression; Mutation
PubMed: 37561540
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020811