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Phytomedicine : International Journal... Dec 2023Lilium henryi Baker (Liliaceae) and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (Plantaginaceae) were the traditional natural medicinal plants for the treatment of depression, but...
Synergistic neuroprotective effects of two natural medicinal plants against CORT-induced nerve cell injury by correcting neurotransmitter deficits and inflammation imbalance.
BACKGROUND
Lilium henryi Baker (Liliaceae) and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (Plantaginaceae) were the traditional natural medicinal plants for the treatment of depression, but the antidepression mechanism of two plants co-decoction (Also known as Lily bulb and Rehmannia decoction (LBRD) drug-containing serum (LBRDDS) has not been elucidated in the in vitro model of depression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Here, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to identify the active components of LBRDDS and the potential effector substance was identified by bioinformatics analysis. CORT-induced nerve cells cytotoxicity was used to investigate the neuroprotection effect of LBRDDS and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms were explored by multiple experimental methods such as molecular docking, immunofluorescence, gain- or loss-of function experiments.
RESULTS
Bioactive compounds in LBRDDS absorbed from intestinal tract were transformed or metabolized by the gut microbiota including palmitic acid, adrenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking of showed fatty acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis and neuroinflammation may be potential therapeutic targets of LBRDDS. LBRDDS can improve the activity of model cells, reduce cytotoxicity of lactate dehydrogenase, recover neurotransmitter imbalance, relieve inflammatory damage, down-regulate the expression of miRNA-144-3p, increase the mRNAs and protein expression level of Gad-67 and VGAT, and promote the synthesis and transport of GABA.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, LBRDDS exerts neuroprotective effects by correcting neurotransmitter deficits and inflammation imbalance in the CORT-induced nerve cell injury model.
Topics: Neuroprotective Agents; Plants, Medicinal; Molecular Docking Simulation; Inflammation; Neurons; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 37748389
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155102 -
American Heart Journal Aug 2023Tissue levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been inversely related with risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Whether ratios of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs,...
BACKGROUND
Tissue levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been inversely related with risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Whether ratios of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs, reflecting both dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs and competing n-6 PUFAs, are better predictors of future MI than n-3 PUFA fractions is unclear. We aimed at investigating whether such ratios in adipose tissue better predict MI than n-3 PUFA fractions.
METHODS
Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained in a random sample (n = 3,500) of the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort (n = 57,053). Adipose tissue content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid was determined using gas chromatography. Fractions of selected n-3 PUFAs and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios were correlated to the 15-year occurrence of MI in a case-cohort design.
RESULTS
A total of 2,406 participants experienced an MI during follow-up. Adipose tissue total marine n-3 PUFAs, EPA+DHA, EPA, EPA/AA, DHA/AA and (EPA + DPA + DHA)/AA were all inversely associated with risk of incident MI. Evaluating the predictive power (Harrel's C-index) of the selected metrics, fractions of marine n-3 PUFAs and ratios of EPA/AA, DHA/AA, (EPA + DHA)/AA and (EPA + DPA + DHA)/AA all refined risk prediction over age and sex alone. At multivariable analyses, however, the above ratios were the only metrics providing additional risk prediction. Differences in ratios were related to differences in food intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Both adipose tissue n-3 PUFAs fractions and ratios of n-3 PUFAs/AA were associated with a lower occurrence of MI, but ratios provided superior risk prediction. Dietary strategies affecting n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios should be further investigated for prediction of MI with dietary interventions at the population level and in intervention studies.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Arachidonic Acid; Myocardial Infarction; Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 37086938
DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Apr 2024Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may impact mortality following breast cancer (BC); however, epidemiological studies have relied on self-reported assessment...
BACKGROUND
Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may impact mortality following breast cancer (BC); however, epidemiological studies have relied on self-reported assessment of PUFA intake. Herein, we examined the associations between red blood cell (RBC) PUFAs and mortality.
METHODS
This nested case-control study included 1,104 women from, the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study, a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Cases (n=290) were women who died from 1995-2006. Matched controls (n=814) were women who were alive at the end of follow-up. PUFAs were measured in baseline RBC samples and included four ω-3 and seven ω-6 PUFAs. We examined each PUFA individually and Principal Components Factor Analysis (PCFA)-derived scores in association with all-cause mortality (ACM) and BC-specific mortality (BCM) using conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
In fully-adjusted models, ACM ORs were elevated among women with PUFAs >median (versus ≤median) for α-linolenic acid (ALA, OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.18-2.24) and for linolenic acid (LA, OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.16-2.09), and BCM ORs were elevated for ALA (OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.27-2.63), LA (OR=1.70, 95%CI=1.23-2.37), and γ-linolenic acid (GLA, OR=1.50; 95%CI=1.04-2.16). PCFA-Factor 1 [arachidonic acid/adrenic acid/docosapentaenoic acid] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with lower odds of ACM (OR=0.71; 95%CI=0.52-0.97) and BCM (OR=0.69; 95%CI=0.49-0.97), and PCFA-Factor 4 [ALA/GLA] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with increased odds of BCM (OR=1.47; 95%CI=1.04-2.09).
CONCLUSIONS
RBC ALA, LA, and GLA may be prognostic indicators among BC survivors.
IMPACT
These results are important for understanding the associations between a biomarker of PUFA intake and mortality among BC survivors.
PubMed: 38656373
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0074 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024In this study, the phospholipid species [i.e., phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM)] in human milk (HM) were compared...
In this study, the phospholipid species [i.e., phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM)] in human milk (HM) were compared according to their fatty acid (FA) composition. 34 HM samples were collected and classified into three groups (A < B < C) according to their fat content. Stearic acid (C18:0) was the main FA in PE, PC, and SM. The highest concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were observed in PE, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was predominant in SM. Although PC exhibited the highest total saturated FAs (SFAs) and PE contained the highest unsaturated FAs (UFAs), very long-chain SFAs and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were preferentially distributed in SM. PC and SM had higher saturation compared to PE. Regarding the effect of the fat content of HM on the FA composition of the phospholipid species, a limited influence was observed on the composition of SFAs and MUFAs of PE, SM, and particularly PC. However, a more pronounced effect on the composition of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in phospholipids was observed, especially for linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA, indicating that the composition of FAs in the phospholipid species was probably affected by the maternal diet.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Milk, Human; Linoleic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Phosphatidylcholines; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 38556280
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23185 -
MedComm Mar 2024Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a significant risk to human well-being and has emerged as a worldwide public health concern. Twenty-eight children with ASD and...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a significant risk to human well-being and has emerged as a worldwide public health concern. Twenty-eight children with ASD and 33 healthy children (HC) were selected for the quantitative determination of their plasma metabolites using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) platform. A total of 1997 metabolites were detected in the study cohort, from which 116 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed between the ASD and HC groups. Through analytical algorithms such as least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), three potential metabolic markers were identified as FAHFA (18:1(9Z)/9-O-18:0), DL-2-hydroxystearic acid, and 7(S),17(S)-dihydroxy-8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-docosapentaenoic acid. These metabolites demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing the ASD group from the HC group, as indicated by the area under curves (AUCs) of 0.935, 0.897, and 0.963 for the three candidate biomarkers, respectively. The samples were divided into training and validation sets according to 7:3. Diagnostic models were constructed using logistic regression (LR), SVM, and RF. The constructed three-biomarker diagnostic model also exhibited strong discriminatory efficacy. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ASD and provide a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis.
PubMed: 38420161
DOI: 10.1002/mco2.488 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Nov 2023Immune dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by severe pneumonia can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and even death, causing a significant impact on health and the...
BACKGROUND
Immune dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by severe pneumonia can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and even death, causing a significant impact on health and the economy. Currently, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but the mortality rate remains high (approximately 50%). Therefore, there is still potential for further exploration of the immune response mechanisms against severe pneumonia.
OBJECTIVE
This study analyzed the difference in serum metabolic profiles between patients with severe pneumonia and health individuals through metabolomics, aiming to uncover the correlation between the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and the severity of severe pneumonia, as well as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
METHODS
In this study, 44 patients with severe pneumonia and 37 health controls were selected. According to the changes in the disease symptoms within the 7 days of admission, the patients were divided into aggravation (n = 22) and remission (n = 22) groups. Targeted metabolomics techniques were performed to quantify serum metabolites and analyze changes between groups.
RESULTS
Metabolomics analysis showed that serum kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) were significantly increased and tryptophan was significantly decreased in patients with severe pneumonia; HETE and HEPE in lipids increased significantly, while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (linolenic acid, α-LNA), arachidonic acid (ARA), Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and 13(s)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (HPODE) decreased significantly. Additionally, the longitudinal comparison revealed that Linolenic acid, DPA, and Tryptophan increased significantly in the remission group, while and kynurenine and K/T decreased significantly. In the aggravation group, Kynurenine and K/T increased significantly, while ARA, 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11(S)-HETE, and Tryptophan decreased significantly. The correlation analysis matrix demonstrated that Tryptophan was positively correlated with DGLA, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA. Kynurenine was positively correlated with 8(S)-HETE and negatively correlated with DHA. Additionally, K/T was negatively correlated with DGLA, ARA, EPA, α-LNA, DHA, and DPA.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that during severe pneumonia, the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was activated and was positively correlated with the disease progression. On the other hand, the activation of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway was negatively correlated with N-3/N-6 PUFAs.
Topics: Humans; Tryptophan; Kynurenine; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Inflammation; Arachidonic Acid; Pneumonia; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; Linolenic Acids
PubMed: 38018595
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1088 -
Kidney Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Unsaturated fatty acids play an essential role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, previous studies were mainly focused on the role of individual...
INTRODUCTION
Unsaturated fatty acids play an essential role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, previous studies were mainly focused on the role of individual unsaturated fatty acid. The serum unsaturated fatty acid patterns (FAPs) in patients with DN remain to be determined.
METHODS
A total of 135 patients with DN (DN group) and 322 patients with type II diabetes without nephropathy (non-DN group) were included in this study. Clinical data, serum levels of unsaturated fatty acids, and other laboratory indicators were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for serum unsaturated fatty acid level in both groups. Serum unsaturated fatty acids were subjected to factor analysis to identify distinct FAPs. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the risk of DN associated with different serum FAPs.
RESULTS
After adjusting for confounders, three types of unsaturated fatty acid including C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), and C22:5 -3 (docosapentaenoic acid -3) were significantly associated with DN in the population. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of DN were 0.583 (0.374, 0.908), 0.826 (0.716, 0.954), and 0.513 (0.298, 0.883), respectively. Factor analysis revealed five major FAPs, among which FAP2 (enriched with EPA and DHA) exhibited a significant inverse association with DN. In the multivariate-adjusted model, the OR (95% CI) was 0.678 (0.493, 0.933). Additionally, a combination of DHA and EPA enriched in FAP2 further decreased extracellular matrix production induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 in podocytes and tubular cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that FAP2 which is enriched with DHA and EPA is associated with a reduced risk of DN. This highlights the potential of targeting FAP2 for the patients with DN.
PubMed: 38751794
DOI: 10.1159/000536532 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of different fat sources in calf starters on growth performance, health, blood fatty acid...
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of different fat sources in calf starters on growth performance, health, blood fatty acid profiles, and inflammatory markers during the cold season in dairy calves. A total of 48 Holstein calves (24 males and 24 females) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 starter diets throughout the experiment (d 3 to 65): (1) no supplemented fat (CON), (2) 3% calcium-salts of soybean oil (Ca-SBO), (3) 3% calcium-salts of fish oil (Ca-FO), and (4) 3% mixture of Ca-SBO and Ca-FO (1.5% each, DM basis; MIX). Calves were given free access to starter feed and water and were raised individually in pens from 3 to 65 d of age. Calves fed Ca-SBO consumed a greater proportion of n-6 FA, while calves fed Ca-FO consumed a greater level of n-3 FA compared to the other dietary treatments. Fat supplementation increased the intake of linoleic acid, the major n-6 FA, with the greater intake observed in the Ca-SBO group compared to the other dietary treatments. Calves fed the Ca-FO and MIX diets consumed more long-chain n-3 FA than the other diets. In addition, calves fed Ca-SBO and Ca-FO diets consumed more starter feed and total dry matter than calves fed MIX and CON throughout the experiment (d 3 to 65). Calves fed Ca-FO had higher average daily gain throughout the trial (d 3 to 65) than the other treatment groups. Of all treatment groups, calves fed Ca-FO achieved the highest final body weight and showed the greatest feed efficiency. Random forest analysis revealed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid were the serum levels of FA most affected by the diets. The principal component analysis of blood FA profile, blood parameters, and inflammatory markers showed distinct differences between dietary treatments. Calves fed Ca-SBO had higher plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, while calves fed Ca-FO had higher plasma concentrations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA than the other treatment groups. Plasma inflammatory markers were lower in calves fed Ca-FO and higher in calves fed CON than in the other treatment groups. The Ca-FO group had lower levels of inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interferon-γ, haptoglobin, and interleukin-6 compared to the other experimental treatments. Also, the blood malondialdehyde levels, an indicator of oxidative stress, were lower in calves fed Ca-FO compared with calves fed the other treatment diets. In conclusion, the performance of preweaned dairy calves can be improved by adding fat to their starter feed under cold conditions. Overall, the type of fat in milk may affect growth and inflammation of dairy calves before weaning under cold conditions, with n-3 FA (Ca-FO) promoting growth and reducing inflammation more effectively than n-6 FA (Ca-SBO).
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Male; Animal Feed; Body Weight; Calcium; Diet; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids; Inflammation; Linoleic Acids; Salts; Seasons; Soybean Oil; Weaning
PubMed: 37903888
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45956-w -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary hempseed or camelina cakes on the fatty acid profiles of intramuscular fat in quail. A total of 189...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary hempseed or camelina cakes on the fatty acid profiles of intramuscular fat in quail. A total of 189 one-day-old quail were allocated to three dietary treatment groups. The diet of the control (C) group was supplemented with 10% rapeseed cake, whereas the rapeseed in experimental 1 (HE) and experimental 2 (CA) groups was replaced by, respectively, hempseed cake and camelina cake in the same proportions. The length of the study was 42 days. Dietary enrichment with camelina cake increased the α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) content in the meat of CA group 2.5 times ( < 0.01). The muscle tissues of CA contained 3.4-3 times more eicosapentaenoic acid ( < 0.01), 1.2 times more docosapentaenoic acid ( < 0.05- < 0.01) and 1.3 times more docosahexaenoic acid ( < 0.01) and, thus, demonstrated the increase in total long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ( < 0.01) and total n-3 PUFA ( < 0.01) compared with the C group. The ALA and total n-3 PUFA content in the breast and leg meat of HE-treated quail were, respectively, 1.3 and 1.1 times higher ( < 0.01) than in the C group but the accumulation was lower compared to the CA group. The content of γ-linolenic acid was found to be 1.21-1.31 times higher in HE quail meat ( < 0.01). However, hempseed cake supplementation had a negative effect on growth performance. The supplementation of quail feed with camelina or hempseed cakes resulted in the production of healthy meat with an increased n-3 PUFA content.
PubMed: 38255668
DOI: 10.3390/life14010053 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Apr 2024Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to protect against fine particulate matter in aerodynamic diameter ()-induced hazards. However, limited evidence is...
The Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Components with Allergic Rhinitis in Children and the Modification Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Birth Cohort Study.
BACKGROUND
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to protect against fine particulate matter in aerodynamic diameter ()-induced hazards. However, limited evidence is available for respiratory health, particularly in pregnant women and their offspring.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to investigate the association of prenatal exposure to and its chemical components with allergic rhinitis (AR) in children and explore effect modification by maternal erythrocyte PUFAs.
METHODS
This prospective birth cohort study involved 657 mother-child pairs from Guangzhou, China. Prenatal exposure to residential mass and its components [black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (), nitrate (), and ammonium ()] were estimated by an established spatiotemporal model. Maternal erythrocyte PUFAs during pregnancy were measured using gas chromatography. The diagnosis of AR and report of AR symptoms in children were assessed up to 2 years of age. We used Cox regression with the quantile-based g-computation approach to assess the individual and joint effects of components and examine the modification effects of maternal PUFA levels.
RESULTS
Approximately and 8.07% of children had AR and related symptoms, respectively. The average concentration of prenatal was . was positively associated with the risk of developing AR [hazard ratio ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 2.96 per ] and its symptoms (; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.62 per ) after adjustment for confounders. Similar associations were observed between individual components and AR outcomes. Each quintile change in a mixture of components was associated with an adjusted HR of 3.73 (95% CI: 1.80, 7.73) and 2.69 (95% CI: 1.55, 4.67) for AR and AR symptoms, with BC accounting for the largest contribution. Higher levels of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and lower levels of n-6 linoleic acid showed alleviating effects on AR symptoms risk associated with exposure to and its components.
CONCLUSION
Prenatal exposure to and its chemical components, particularly BC, was associated with AR/symptoms in early childhood. We highlight that PUFA biomarkers could modify the adverse effects of on respiratory allergy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13524.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child, Preschool; Pregnancy; Particulate Matter; Cohort Studies; Air Pollutants; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Rhinitis, Allergic; China; Air Pollution; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 38630604
DOI: 10.1289/EHP13524