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Clinical Laboratory Jun 2024The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics of the common spectrum of pathogen and the resistance of Mycoplasma in Sialidase-positive bacterial...
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics of the common spectrum of pathogen and the resistance of Mycoplasma in Sialidase-positive bacterial vaginosis.
METHODS
The vaginal secretion specimens collected from August 2018 to October 2018 for the analysis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) were subjected to various techniques. These included routine leukorrhea examination, bacterial vaginosis sialidase testing, routine culture for common pathogens, mass spectrometry identification, and Mycoplasma resistance testing.
RESULTS
A total of 238 patients with BV were identified. The cleanliness grading was mostly clean (+) and clean (2+), accounting for 38.24% and 30.67%, respectively. The bacterial vaginosis test for vaginal secretions showed leukocyte esterase positivity in 220 cases, resulting in a positivity rate of 92.44%. The spectrum of routine culture was analyzed and divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Group A consisted of Candidal vaginitis (13.45%); group B consisted of Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis (32.77%); group C consisted of gram-negative bacillus vaginitis (46.22%); and group D consisted of Streptococcus agalactiae vaginitis (7.56%). The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for Mycoplasma showed a high detection rate of BV, with a positivity rate of 86.13%. There was a high sensitivity to tetracyclines for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, but a high resistance to macrolides and quinolones.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacterial vaginosis existed in various complex forms, including Candida, Gardnerella vaginalis, Gram-negative bacillus, and Streptococcus agalactiae types. Moreover, there was an increasing trend of multi-drug resistance in Mycoplasma hominis. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to this condition and make accurate judgments based on the etiological characteristics and common antimicrobial susceptibility tests. This will enable the implementation of effective therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Neuraminidase; Mycoplasma; Adult; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Vagina; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mycoplasma Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Adolescent
PubMed: 38868882
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2024.230826 -
Research on Mycoplasma liquid medium method to detect Mycoplasma hominis for TE and LEV sensitivity.Minerva Surgery Jun 2024
Topics: Mycoplasma hominis; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Culture Media; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37851014
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5691.23.10055-4 -
Molecular Immunology Aug 2023Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health concern and it is the most prevalent cause of infant mortality and morbidity with occurrence rate of 5 - 18%...
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health concern and it is the most prevalent cause of infant mortality and morbidity with occurrence rate of 5 - 18% worldwide. Studies suggest infection and infection-driven activation of inflammatory responses are the potential risk factors for sPTB. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to control the expression of several immune genes, making them crucial components of the intricate immune regulatory network and the dysregulation of miRNAs in placenta has been associated to several pregnancy-related complications. However, studies on possible role of miRNAs in immunomodulation of cytokine signalling in infection-associated sPTB are scarce. Present study aimed to investigate expression/ correlation of a few circulating miRNAs (miR-223, -150-5p, -185-5p, -191-5p), miRNA target genes and associated cytokines in sPTB women found infected with Chlamydia trachomatis/ Mycoplasma hominis/ Ureaplasma urealyticum. Non-heparinized blood and placental sample were collected from 140 sPTB and 140 term women visiting Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi (India) for conducting PCR and RT-PCR for pathogen detection and miRNA/ target gene/ cytokine expression, respectively. Common target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained from databases. The correlation between select target genes/ cytokines and serum miRNAs was determined by Spearman's rank correlation. 43 sPTB were infected with either pathogen and a significant upregulation of serum miRNAs was observed. However, miR-223 and 150-5p showed maximum fold-change (4.78 and 5.58, respectively) in PTB versus control group. IL-6ST, TGF-β R3 and MMP-14 were important target genes among 454 common targets, whereas, IL-6 and TGF-β were associated cytokines. miR-223 and 150-5p showed significant negative correlation with IL-6ST/ IL-6/ MMP-14 and positive correlation with TGF-β R3/ TGF-β. A significant positive correlation was found between IL-6ST and IL-6, TGF-β R3 and TGF-β. However, miR-185-5p and 191-5p were not significantly correlated. Although post-transcriptional validation is required, yet on the basis of mRNA findings, the study concludes that miR-223 and 150-5p are apparently of clinical importance in regulation of inflammatory processes during infection-associated sPTB.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Matrix Metalloproteinase 14; Premature Birth; Interleukin-6; Placenta; MicroRNAs; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Cytokines; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 37285685
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.009 -
Transplantation Proceedings Oct 2023Hyperammonemia after lung transplantation is a rare but potentially fatal condition. A 59-year-old male patient affected by pulmonary fibrosis underwent an uncomplicated...
Hyperammonemia after lung transplantation is a rare but potentially fatal condition. A 59-year-old male patient affected by pulmonary fibrosis underwent an uncomplicated bilateral lung transplant. Fourteen days after the procedure, the patient developed severe encephalopathy caused by elevated serum ammonia levels. Ureaplasma parvum and Mycoplasma hominis were found on bronchial aspirate and urinary samples as well as on pharyngeal and rectal swabs. Despite the initiation of multimodal therapy, brain damage due to hyperosmolarity was so extensive to evolve into brain death. The autopsy revealed glutamine synthetase hypo-expression in the hepatic tissue. The pathophysiology of hyperammonemia syndrome in lung transplant recipients remains unclear. Previous studies have described the presence of disorders of glutamine synthetase, while others considered the infection with urea-splitting microorganisms as a cause of hyperammonemia syndrome. Our report describes the case of a patient who developed hyperammonemia after a lung transplant in which both the aforementioned etiologies were documented. A high level of clinical suspicion for hyperammonemia syndrome should be maintained in lung transplant recipients. Timely recognition and treatment are critical to prevent the potentially dreadful evolution of this severe complication.
PubMed: 37537075
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.07.003 -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Apr 2024Little is known about the aetiology of urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) and genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Brazil due to limited access to laboratory tests and...
Aetiological molecular identification of sexually transmitted infections that cause urethral discharge syndrome and genital ulcer disease in Brazilian men: a nationwide study.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the aetiology of urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) and genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Brazil due to limited access to laboratory tests and treatment based mainly on the syndromic approach.
OBJECTIVES
To update Brazilian treatment guidelines according to the current scenario, the first nationwide aetiological study for UDS and GUD was performed.
METHODS
Male participants with urethral discharge (UD) and/or genital ulcer (GU) reports were enrolled. Sample collection was performed by 12 sentinel sites located in the five Brazilian regions. Between 2018 and 2020, 1141 UD and 208 GU samples were collected in a Universal Transport Medium-RT (Copan). A multiplex quantitative PCR kit (Seegene) was used to detect UD: (CT), (MG), (MH), (NG), (TV), (UP), (UU) and another kit to detect GU: cytomegalovirus (CMV), (HD), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), (TP) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
RESULTS
In UD samples, the frequency of pathogen detection was NG: 78.38%, CT: 25.6%, MG: 8.3%, UU: 10.4%, UP: 3.5%, MH: 3.5% and TV: 0.9%. Coinfection was assessed in 30.9% of samples, with 14.3% of NG/CT coinfection. The most frequent pathogen identified in GU was HSV2, present in 40.8% of the samples, followed by TP at 24.8%, LGV and CMV at 1%, and HSV1 at 0.4%. Coinfection of TP/HSV2 was detected in 4.4% of samples. VZV and HD were not detected. In 27.7% of the GU samples, no pathogen was detected.
CONCLUSION
This study provided the acquisition of unprecedented data on the aetiology of UDS and GUD in Brazil, demonstrated the presence of a variety of pathogens in both sample types and reaffirmed the aetiologies known to be most prevalent globally.
Topics: Male; Humans; Ulcer; Brazil; Coinfection; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia trachomatis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Treponema pallidum; Trichomonas vaginalis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Genitalia; Cytomegalovirus Infections
PubMed: 38360847
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2023-055950 -
Epidemiology and Infection Oct 2023Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) enrolled as part of the PrEP1519 study between April 2019 and February 2021 in Salvador were...
Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women (ATGW) enrolled as part of the PrEP1519 study between April 2019 and February 2021 in Salvador were tested for (NG) and (CT) infections.We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction using oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral swabs; assessed factors associated with NG and CT infections using multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust variance; and estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In total, 246 participants were included in the analyses (median age: 18.8; IQR: 18.2-19.4 years). The overall oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates of NG were 17.9%, 9.4%, 7.6%, and 1.9%, respectively. For CT, the overall, oropharyngeal, anal, and urethral prevalence rates were 5.9%, 1.2%, 2.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. A low level of education, clinical suspicion of STI (and coinfection with were associated with NG infection. The prevalence of NG and CT, especially extragenital infections, was high in AMSM and ATGW. These findings highlight the need for testing samples from multiple anatomical sites among adolescents at a higher risk of STI acquisition, implementation of school-based strategies, provision of sexual health education, and reduction in barriers to care.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; Homosexuality, Male; Transgender Persons; Prevalence; Brazil; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Chlamydia Infections; Gonorrhea
PubMed: 37869965
DOI: 10.1017/S095026882300170X -
BMJ Open Sep 2023
PubMed: 37739477
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062990corr1 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Mar 2024Mediastinitis and sternal osteitis are critical complications in cardiac surgery. Cases of these complications caused by Mycoplasma hominis are extremely rare.
BACKGROUND
Mediastinitis and sternal osteitis are critical complications in cardiac surgery. Cases of these complications caused by Mycoplasma hominis are extremely rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of mediastinitis and sternal osteitis caused by M. hominis infection following ascending aortic replacement surgery. Whole gene sequencing analysis suggested the genitourinary tract as the most likely source of this M. hominis infection. Successful infection control was achieved through a regimen of moxifloxacin treatment. Additionally, a notable correlation was observed between serum levels of interleukin-6 and M. hominis infection.
CONCLUSIONS
The significance of M. hominis as a potential cause of postoperative infection in cardiac surgery is still not fully recognized. Special attention should be paid to patients with bacteriologically negative infections, as M. hominis should not be disregarded, despite its rarity.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma hominis; Mediastinitis; Osteitis; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 38176301
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116170 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023The female genital ulcer is a manifestation of many diseases, which may vary depending on the etiology, disease duration, age, and host immunity. A middle-aged (40-50...
The female genital ulcer is a manifestation of many diseases, which may vary depending on the etiology, disease duration, age, and host immunity. A middle-aged (40-50 years) woman had a 4-month history of vaginal bleeding. The results of syphilis, herpes, the cervical cancer, tuberculosis, and fungi or acute cervical inflammation caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were negative through the blood test and the biopsy. Cervical discharge culture revealed positive for group B Streptococcus and bacterial vaginosis. The patient was treated with oral antibiotics for 7 days. One month later, repeat colposcopy revealed a smooth cervix and complete ulcer disappearance, while cervical discharge culture retested no group B Streptococcus and bacterial vaginosis. The patient was diagnosed with cervical ulcer. Complete medical history taking and bacterial culture of cervical discharge are important for identifying the etiology of the cervical ulcer and deciding the appropriate treatment for the disease.
Topics: Middle Aged; Female; Humans; Cervix Uteri; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Ulcer; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Streptococcus
PubMed: 37759233
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02665-w -
Microorganisms Feb 2024This study conducted a detailed analysis of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women to explore its correlation with preterm birth (PTB) outcomes. The primary objective...
This study conducted a detailed analysis of the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women to explore its correlation with preterm birth (PTB) outcomes. The primary objective was to identify microbial variations associated with increased PTB risk. Secondary objectives included investigating how changes in microbial composition relate to the local immune environment and PTB. Utilizing a retrospective case-control design, the study involved pregnant women with liveborn infants between 2019 and 2023. In total, 89 women who delivered preterm and 106 term deliveries were included. Data collection focused on third-trimester vaginal cultures. Statistically significant differences were observed between the preterm and full-term groups in several areas. The median white blood cell count (10.2 × 10/mm vs. 7.6 × 10/mm, = 0.009) and neutrophil count (7.2 × 10/mm vs. 5.1 × 10/mm, < 0.001) were higher in the preterm group. Vaginal pH was also elevated in preterm births (5.6 vs. 4.4, < 0.001), with a higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (29.2% vs. 12.3%, = 0.001) as indicated by the Nugent Score. The study noted a significant association of PTB with the presence of spp. (OR = 1.84, = 0.018), (OR = 2.29, = 0.003), (OR = 1.97, = 0.007), and (OR = 2.43, = 0.001). Conversely, a reduction in spp. correlated with a decreased PTB risk (OR = 0.46, = 0.001). The study provides compelling evidence that specific vaginal microbiota components, particularly certain pathogenic bacteria and an altered Lactobacillus profile, are significantly associated with PTB risk. These findings highlight the potential of targeting microbial factors in strategies aimed at reducing PTB rates. Further research is necessary to fully understand the complex interplay between microbial dynamics, host immunity, and PTB outcomes.
PubMed: 38399821
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020417