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Journal of Medical Entomology Jan 2024Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae), popularly known as "housefly", is a highly synanthropic species, with economic, medical-sanitary, veterinary, and...
Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae), popularly known as "housefly", is a highly synanthropic species, with economic, medical-sanitary, veterinary, and forensic importance. It is able to cause damage to health, transmit pathogenic agents, cause infection in domestic animals, and, in its immature stage, cause secondary myiasis. The scavenging habit of its immature stages makes these flies pioneers in colonizing both human and animal carcasses, from the initial stages of corpse decomposition to the final stages. Intrapuparial development studies of all stages of the biological cycle of these insects help estimate pupal age, being useful to forensic entomology to aid in determining the minimum postmortem interval (minPMI). This study describes, morphologically, the external structures of the pupae, under temperatures of 23, 27, and 30 ± 1 °C aiming to identify the characteristics that define their developmental stages and estimation of the pupae age of M. domestica. The whole experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, with relative humidity 60 ± 10% and 12 hours of photoperiod. The process of pupariation and pupation including pre-pupae phases were observed; larvae pupae apolysis; early cryptocephalic pupae; late cryptocephalic pupae; phanerocephalic pupae; pharate adult, discriminated by eye color (transparent eyes, pink eyes, and red eyes); and the emergency of adults, which occurred in the intervals of 162-180; 138-144, and 96-102 hr, respectively, being described throughout the metamorphosis of the external morphological characteristics of the pupal stage of M. domestica.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Diptera; Houseflies; Muscidae; Temperature; Larva; Myiasis; Pupa; Cadaver
PubMed: 37967473
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad147 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Dec 2023Myiasis is a disease caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the skin, which complete part of their life cycle by feeding on host tissues.
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is a disease caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the skin, which complete part of their life cycle by feeding on host tissues.
OBJECTIVE
To report a rare case of tongue myiasis in a patient admitted to a psychiatric ward, focusing on clinical management.
CASE REPORT
A dependent care and mentally challenged 55 years old male patient was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward. After 42 days, during the intraoral examination, it was noted numerous larvae peeking from inside of a wound on the dorsum of the tongue. The clinical diagnosis of myiasis was rendered. For the treatment, manual removal was performed initially and ivermectin (15 mg), metamizole sodium (500 mg/ml), and chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%) were prescribed. After one week, larvae were no longer observed, and the wound was completely healed.
CONCLUSION
Myiasis occurrence is uncommon in the mouth, however, its correct diagnosis and treatment are necessary to avoid further damage to patients, especially those who are hospitalized.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Myiasis; Mouth; Ivermectin; Tongue
PubMed: 37442346
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101557 -
Genes Apr 2024The Australian sheep blowfly, , is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe...
The Australian sheep blowfly, , is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe instances, death of the affected animals. It is also a primary colonizer of carrion, an efficient pollinator, and used in maggot debridement therapy and forensic investigations. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of from the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, where sheep are prohibited animals, unlike the rest of Australia. The mt genome is 15,943 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The gene order of the current mt genome is consistent with the previously published mt genomes. Nucleotide composition revealed an AT bias, accounting for 77.5% of total mt genome nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of 56 species/taxa of dipterans indicated that and are the closest among all sibling species of the genus , which helps to explain species evolution within the family Luciliinae. This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence for derived from the NT, Australia to facilitate species identification and the examination of the evolutionary history of these blowflies.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Mitochondrial; Calliphoridae; Phylogeny; Northern Territory; Myiasis; RNA, Transfer; RNA, Ribosomal; Diptera; Sheep
PubMed: 38674440
DOI: 10.3390/genes15040506 -
Veterinary Parasitology Apr 2024The larvae of the nasal bot, Oestrus ovis, mainly parasitize sheep and goats and some species of wild Caprinae but other mammals and humans are also vulnerable to...
The larvae of the nasal bot, Oestrus ovis, mainly parasitize sheep and goats and some species of wild Caprinae but other mammals and humans are also vulnerable to infestation. Eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution (EPRINEX® Multi, Boehringer Ingelheim) administered at 1 mg eprinomectin per kg body weight pour on was recently authorized as an anthelmintic for sheep and goats with zero hours milk withdrawal in several countries in Europe. As the product in cattle has claims against a broad range of parasites including insect parasites and activity against O. ovis has previously been reported following extra-label use in sheep, its therapeutic efficacy against ovine and caprine O. ovis myiasis was evaluated in three regulatory compliant, masked clinical studies. Pre-study recovery of O. ovis larvae from five or six of six randomly selected animals per study site (Bulgaria, one site, sheep; Greece, two sites, sheep or goats) supported the inclusion of the animals from those sites into the studies. The study animals (34 animals per study) were ranked based on bodyweight and allocated randomly to remain untreated (control) or to be treated with eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution at 1 mL per 5 kg body weight pour on. Treatment efficacy was determined based on O. ovis larval counts of eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution-treated vs. untreated animals three weeks after treatment administration. Live O. ovis larvae, including all three instars in each study, were recovered from 13 or 16 of the 17 control animals in the sheep studies (range, 1 to 14 or 5 to 18 larvae, respectively) and from all 17 controls in the goat study (range, 7 to 18 larvae). In each study, eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution-treated animals had significantly (p < 0.001) fewer live O. ovis larvae than the controls. Efficacy of the treatment was 100% and 91.3% against the combined parasitic O. ovis larval stages in sheep and in goats, respectively. The treatment was well accepted by all animals and no health problems were observed throughout the studies. The results of these studies demonstrated eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution administered pour on at 1 mL per 5 kg body weight to be an efficacious and safe treatment of ovine and caprine oestrosis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Body Weight; Cattle Diseases; Diptera; Goat Diseases; Goats; Ivermectin; Larva; Myiasis; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 38354457
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110144 -
Cureus Apr 2024Human myiasis is caused by the invasion of tissue or organs by maggots of certain dipterous flies. The present case is of an eight-year-old boy complaining of painful...
Human myiasis is caused by the invasion of tissue or organs by maggots of certain dipterous flies. The present case is of an eight-year-old boy complaining of painful swelling in the scrotum with localized discharge. A maggot was removed and sent to a specialized laboratory for identification. The case was diagnosed as a scrotal myiasis caused by . The wound was cleaned with antiseptics, then antibiotic treatment was applied. Two days later, the wound healed completely. All previously documented cases of scrotal myiasis were associated with . We document here the first case of scrotal myiasis in children caused by and the necessity to raise awareness of myiasis among health professionals.
PubMed: 38826592
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59417 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Jun 2024Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is...
Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is most common type and can enter the skin with a pre-existing wound. Herein we present a case of an 18-year-old girl known case of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with cutaneous myiasis affecting the knee managed surgically with full recovery. Such case has not reported previously in the literature, and detailed management plan is described.
PubMed: 38832055
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae257 -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lice Infestations; Scalp; Pediculus; Skin Diseases; Myiasis; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 37203790
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16736 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Cellulitis; Myiasis
PubMed: 38437658
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-03-23-6773 -
Parasites & Vectors Sep 2023This study describes the effectiveness of a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner (isoxazoline class), against important ectoparasites infesting cattle in...
BACKGROUND
This study describes the effectiveness of a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner (isoxazoline class), against important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil.
METHODS
A total of 13 studies involving a 5% fluralaner-based pour-on formulation (Exzolt 5%; further referred to as Exzolt) were conducted. Specifically, the effectiveness of this formulation was studied against Rhipicephalus microplus (6 studies), Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (4 studies), Dermatobia hominis larvae (1 study) and Haematobia irritans flies (2 studies).
RESULTS
The therapeutic efficacy of Exzolt was found to exceed 98% at 4 days post treatment (DPT), while persistent efficacy (> 90% efficacy) against repeated infestations of R. microplus was observed for up to 79 DPT. In field studies, ≥ 98% therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated at all study sites by 7 DPT, and a persistent efficacy (> 90% efficacy) was observed for 42, 49 or 56 DPT. Exzolt prevented C. hominivorax eggs from developing to the larval stage, thus mitigating the development of myiasis in cattle naturally and artificially infested with this screworm. The efficacy of Exzolt against D. hominis larvae was 98% at 3 DPT, while persistent efficacy (> 90% effectiveness) was found to last for up to 70 DPT. Against H. irritans, Exzolt showed therapeutic efficacy (≥ 90%) within the first day of treatment at both study sites, while persistent efficacy (≥ 90%) was observed for 7 DPT at one site and for 21 DPT at the other site.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the results from these studies confirm that Exzolt is therapeutically efficacious against the most important ectoparasites infesting cattle in Brazil. The novel active pharmaceutical ingredient, fluralaner, provides a new treatment option for farmers to control cattle ectoparasites, especially where there is resistance to other chemical classes. In addition, an effective control of ectoparasites will improve overall cattle health and well-being as well as production.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Brazil; Ovum; Muscidae; Larva; Cattle Diseases; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Tick Infestations
PubMed: 37752574
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05934-7 -
Semergen Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Developed Countries; Myiasis; Skin
PubMed: 37826927
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102060