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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jan 2012Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the... (Review)
Review
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Diptera; General Surgery; Humans; Mammals; Myiasis
PubMed: 22232372
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00010-11 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022
Topics: Animals; Diptera; Humans; Larva; Myiasis
PubMed: 35865856
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.335.32098 -
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and... 1998Myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by larvae of several fly species. Diagnosis and treatment are simple. This infestation is, however, rarely seen in the vulvar...
Myiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by larvae of several fly species. Diagnosis and treatment are simple. This infestation is, however, rarely seen in the vulvar area. We present a short review of the disease and the case of a 19-year-old pregnant girl with vulvar myiasis and concomitant syphilis, vaginal trichomoniasis and genital candidiasis. The patient was also positive for human immunodeficiency virus.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Myiasis; Pregnancy; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 9702589
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-0997(1998)6:2<69::AID-IDOG8>3.0.CO;2-2 -
Parasites & Vectors Jul 2019Myiasis is an infestation caused by larvae of Diptera in humans and other vertebrates. In domestic cats, Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), four dipteran... (Review)
Review
Myiasis is an infestation caused by larvae of Diptera in humans and other vertebrates. In domestic cats, Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), four dipteran families have been reported as agents of obligatory and facultative myiasis: Oestridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Among agents of obligatory myiasis, the most frequent genus is Cuterebra Clark (Oestridae) and the most frequent species is Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Calliphoridae). Among the agents of facultative myiasis, the most frequent species is Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Calliphoridae). A survey of myiasis in cats reported in literature shows that the cases are distributed worldwide and linked to the geographical range of the dipteran species. Factors favouring the occurrence of myiasis in cats are prowling in infested areas, poor hygiene conditions due to diseases and/or neglect, and wounds inflicted during territorial or reproductive competition. The aim of the review is to provide an extended survey of literature on myiasis in cats, as general information and possible development of guidelines for veterinarians, entomologists and other researchers interested in the field.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cat Diseases; Cats; Geography; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Larva; Myiasis; Risk Factors; Veterinarians
PubMed: 31358036
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3618-1 -
Journal of Travel Medicine 2015Cutaneous myiasis is a well-established diagnosis in returning travelers from tropical countries. The most common form of myiasis seen in this population is localized... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous myiasis is a well-established diagnosis in returning travelers from tropical countries. The most common form of myiasis seen in this population is localized furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis and Cordylobia anthropophaga. There are limited data on the disease course and outcome in travelers to tropical countries.
METHODS
A retrospective observational study of patients who presented with myiasis was conducted between 1999 and July 2014 in the post-travel clinics in Israel. Data regarding exposure history, travel duration, clinical presentation, treatment, and parasitological identification were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 6,867 ill returning Israeli travelers, 1,419 (21%) had a dermatologic complaint, 90 (6.3%) of them were diagnosed with myiasis. Myiasis was acquired in Latin America by 72 (80%) patients, mainly (54%) in the Madidi National Park, Amazonas Basin, Bolivia; 18 cases (20%) were acquired in Africa. In 76% of cases, manual extraction was sufficient to remove the larva; 24% required surgical intervention. Despite the fact that most patients did not receive antibiotic treatment, only one developed secondary infection, upon partial removal of the larva.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest myiasis case series in ill returning travelers. Myiasis is not a rare dermatologic complaint with most Israeli cases imported from Latin America and specifically the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. Treatment is based on full extraction of the larva after which no antibiotic treatment is needed. Myiasis is a preventable disease and travelers should be informed of the different preventive measures according to their travel destination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coinfection; Diptera; Female; Humans; Israel; Larva; Latin America; Male; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Preventive Medicine; Retrospective Studies; Travel; Travel Medicine
PubMed: 25827950
DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12203 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012Intestinal myiasis is a condition when the fly larvae inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are passed out in faeces. This type of infestation results when eggs or...
PURPOSE
Intestinal myiasis is a condition when the fly larvae inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are passed out in faeces. This type of infestation results when eggs or larvae of the fly, deposited on food are inadvertently taken by man. They survive the unfavourable conditions within the gastrointestinal tract and produce disturbances, which may vary from mild to severe. The condition is not uncommon and is often misdiagnosed as pinworm infestation. Correct diagnosis by the clinical microbiologist is important to avoid unnecessary treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We had 7 cases of intestinal myiasis. In 2 cases the larvae were reared to adult fly in modified meat and sand medium (developed by Udgaonkar). This medium is simple and can be easily prepared in the laboratory.
RESULTS
Of the 7 larvae, 5 were Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, 1 Megaselia species and 1 was identified as Muscina stabulans.
CONCLUSIONS
S. haemorrhoidalis was the commonest maggot involved. A high index of suspicion is required for clinical diagnosis when the patient complains of passing wriggling worms in faeces for a long period without any response to antihelminthics. The reason for long duration of illness and recurrence of infestation is baffling. The nearest to cure was colonic wash. We feel prevention is of utmost importance, which is to avoid eating food articles with easy access to flies.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Diptera; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Myiasis; Parasitology
PubMed: 22885201
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.99496 -
Journal of the National Medical... Dec 1979Human clinical myiasis is a rare entity in temperate zones, but it is of frequent occurrence among indigenous populations in tropical countries. The physician in...
Human clinical myiasis is a rare entity in temperate zones, but it is of frequent occurrence among indigenous populations in tropical countries. The physician in practice in temperate zones, especially in urban areas, will generally see cases in those who have returned from rural travel or duty tours in tropical countries.Temperate zone physicians by training and clinical services frequently are not prepared to accurately diagnose and treat cases of myiasis. This paper is a report of experiences and records of cases of myiasis and is intended to alert temperate zone physicians to the possibilities of myiasis among a limited number of their patients.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Myiasis; Skin Diseases, Parasitic
PubMed: 522188
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Nov 2017This study describes 9 cases of myiasis affecting the head and neck region and discusses the demographic distribution, treatment, clinical characteristics, and sequelae... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study describes 9 cases of myiasis affecting the head and neck region and discusses the demographic distribution, treatment, clinical characteristics, and sequelae of the disease in light of the literature.
STUDY DESIGN
The study was performed in 2 steps. In the first part, 9 cases seen over a period of 10 years at the Emergency Department of Hospital da Restauração in Brazil were studied. In the second part, a literature search was performed in PubMed for articles on head and neck myiasis published from 1975 to March 2017.
RESULTS
The case series mainly consisted of male patients in their 30s. The palate was the most commonly affected site. Myiasis was caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in all patients, who were treated by mechanical removal of the larvae and debridement of necrotic tissue, followed by oral ivermectin. All patients had sequelae resulting from bone destruction.
CONCLUSIONS
Head and neck myiasis generally affects individuals with poor hygiene habits, drug users, and individuals with neurologic and psychosocial disorders. The treatment of choice is mechanical removal of larvae and surgical debridement combined with oral ivermectin. This study provides information that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this condition.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Brazil; Debridement; Female; Head; Humans; Ivermectin; Male; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Neck; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28822697
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.06.120 -
Ghana Medical Journal Sep 2020Myiasis is common in tropical regions, but now increasing incidence is seen in the west due to international travel. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis is uncommon and is...
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is common in tropical regions, but now increasing incidence is seen in the west due to international travel. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis is uncommon and is seen in diabetics, alcoholics or patients unable in self-care.
OBJECTIVES
To study presentations of otorhinolaryngological myiasis, identify associated risk factors and species of flies causing myiasis.
METHODS
Clinical findings and co-morbidities of 67 myiasis cases were noted. Maggots were identified, manually removed, and patients were managed with topical treatment, systemic ivermectin and antibiotics.
FINDINGS
Thirty-three nasal myiasis, 13 aural myiasis and 5 patients with oral myiasis were noted. Seven patients with head neck wounds myiasis and nine patients of tracheostome myiasis were recorded.
DISCUSSION
Warm humid climate of tropical regions is a major concern along with co-existing conditions like poor sanitation, alcoholism, psychiatric diseases and neuropathies. Hesitancy is seen in attendants and health care professionals to deal with myiasis.
CONCLUSION
Awareness about risk factors is important in avoiding myiasis along with prompt treatment which reduces morbidity. Tracheostome myiasis is an under-documented entity rather than a rare presentation.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Diptera; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Ivermectin; Larva; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Screw Worm Infection; Treatment Outcome; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult
PubMed: 33883762
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i3.8 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2020
Topics: Animals; Diptera; Larva; Myiasis
PubMed: 33206876
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0110-2020