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Transplant International : Official... 2024
Topics: Humans; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 38655205
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13011 -
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Jun 2024This review highlights noteworthy literature published in 2023 and pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal... (Review)
Review
This review highlights noteworthy literature published in 2023 and pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. We feature 9 studies from 593 peer-reviewed papers on pancreatic transplantation, 3 from 194 on intestinal transplantation, and 28 from over 4513 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section includes a special focus on 20 studies from 5666 clinical trial publications. We explore a broad range of topics, including donor management, perioperative recipient management, and innovative pharmacologic and mechanical interventions tested for the improvement of patient and graft outcomes and survival.
Topics: Humans; Liver Transplantation; Pancreas Transplantation; Kidney Transplantation; Intestines; Graft Survival; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 38598365
DOI: 10.1177/10892532241247122 -
Die Anaesthesiologie Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Anesthesia; Organ Transplantation; Perioperative Care; Anesthesiology
PubMed: 37902850
DOI: 10.1007/s00101-023-01348-3 -
Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) Feb 2024
Topics: Organ Transplantation; Humans; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 38300267
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-02024-3 -
Transplant International : Official... 2023Organ transplantation after brain death is challenging in Nepal due to cultural beliefs, legal frameworks, and ethical considerations. The Human Body Organ... (Review)
Review
Organ transplantation after brain death is challenging in Nepal due to cultural beliefs, legal frameworks, and ethical considerations. The Human Body Organ Transplantation (Regulation and Prohibition) Act (HBOTA) has not met with substantial success after its amendment. This review critically appraises the current state of brain death and organ transplantation in Nepal. It explores challenges, evaluates progress, and provides recommendations. Literature review of databases was conducted to find articles on brain death, organ donation, and transplantation in Nepal. Analysis of cultural, legal, ethical, and practical factors influencing implementation. Key challenges include limited awareness, religious beliefs, infrastructure gaps, and family consent barriers. HBOTA amendments in 2016 enabled brain death donations, however, donation rates remain low. Strategies are needed to improve public education, resources, personnel training, and collaboration. Cultural sensitivity and stakeholder engagement are crucial. A multifaceted approach addressing cultural, legal, ethical and practical dimensions is essential to improve organ donation rates in Nepal. Despite progress, substantial challenges persist requiring evidence-based strategies focused on awareness, capacity building, policy improvements, and culturally appropriate community engagement.
Topics: Humans; Brain Death; Nepal; Organ Transplantation; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Religion
PubMed: 38089003
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11882 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Sep 2023This review describes the epidemiology and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant recipients. We discuss the pre-transplant screening for risk of TB... (Review)
Review
This review describes the epidemiology and risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant recipients. We discuss the pre-transplant screening for risk of TB and management of latent TB in this population. We also discuss the challenges of management of TB and other difficult to treat mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium complex. The drugs for the management of these infections include rifamycins which have significant drug interactions with immunosuppressants and must be monitored closely.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Risk Factors; Transplant Recipients; Organ Transplantation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PubMed: 37268476
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.04.004 -
Transplantation Reviews (Orlando, Fla.) Dec 2023
Executive summary of the consensus statement of the group for the study of infection in transplantation and other immunocompromised host (GESITRA-IC) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) on the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant...
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Transplant Recipients; Organ Transplantation; Immunocompromised Host; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 37591117
DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2023.100788 -
Developing World Bioethics Sep 2023In Nepal, live donor organ transplantation is only 14 years old with the first successful kidney transplant made in 2008 and a successful liver and bone marrow...
In Nepal, live donor organ transplantation is only 14 years old with the first successful kidney transplant made in 2008 and a successful liver and bone marrow transplant made in 2016. However, transplantation of cadaveric cornea dates back to 1998. There are still no cases of animal-to-human organ transplantation in Nepal. There are stringent laws to regulate human body organ transplantation in Nepal which are amended from time to time. However, there is a racket of human traffickers who lure rural people from this low-income country into the illegal organ trade. Furthermore, there is a substantial lack of awareness of organ donation among the general public. This article focuses on the stipulations of ethical, legal, and practical issues of obtaining organs procured from living and brain-dead donors that support the process of transplantation in Nepal. In addition, the article also explores the legal and practical issues of organ trafficking and organ donation awareness in Nepal on the basis of factual data and findings from other studies.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Nepal; Organ Transplantation; Kidney Transplantation; Living Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 36170150
DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12371 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Feb 2024Advances in pediatric transplant parallel those in adult populations; however, there remain critical unique considerations and differences that require specialized... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Advances in pediatric transplant parallel those in adult populations; however, there remain critical unique considerations and differences that require specialized knowledge and a specific skill set to optimize care afforded to the pediatric transplant candidate. We introduce general themes regarding optimization of the transplant candidate that are unique to children.
RECENT FINDINGS
The pathologies leading to pediatric organ transplant candidacy differ from adults and a precise understanding of the physiologies and natural histories of such diseases is critical for optimized care. Regardless of etiology, comorbidities including malnutrition, sarcopenia, and developmental delay are seen and often require disease and organ specific approaches to management. Additionally, an understanding of the concepts of developmental immunology and their relevance to transplant is critical.
SUMMARY
When looking to optimize pretransplant care, awareness of the pediatric-specific challenges by the transplant community in addition to organ- and age-specific management strategies enable the best outcomes for children awaiting solid organ transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Waiting Lists
PubMed: 37823752
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000001115 -
Transplantation May 2024Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), also known as tertiary or ectopic lymphoid structures or tissues, are accumulations of lymphoid cells in sites other than canonical... (Review)
Review
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), also known as tertiary or ectopic lymphoid structures or tissues, are accumulations of lymphoid cells in sites other than canonical lymphoid organs, that arise through lymphoid neogenesis during chronic inflammation in autoimmunity, microbial infection, cancer, aging, and transplantation, the focus of this review. Lymph nodes and TLOs are compared regarding their cellular composition, organization, vascular components, and migratory signal regulation. These characteristics of posttransplant TLOs (PT-TLOs) are described with individual examples in a wide range of organs including heart, kidney, trachea, lung, artery, skin, leg, hand, and face, in many species including human, mouse, rat, and monkey. The requirements for induction and maintenance of TLOs include sustained exposure to autoantigens, alloantigens, tumor antigens, ischemic reperfusion, nephrotoxic agents, and aging. Several staging schemes have been put forth regarding their function in organ rejection. PT-TLOs most often are associated with organ rejection, but in some cases contribute to tolerance. The role of PT-TLOs in cancer is considered in the case of immunosuppression. Furthermore, TLOs can be associated with development of lymphomas. Challenges for PT-TLO research are considered regarding staging, imaging, and opportunities for their therapeutic manipulation to inhibit rejection and encourage tolerance.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Tertiary Lymphoid Structures; Graft Rejection; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 37917987
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004812