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American Journal of Clinical Pathology May 2024Cytology reports of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) are rare and limited to short series and simple case reports. To adapt cytology diagnostic criteria to the most...
OBJECTIVES
Cytology reports of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) are rare and limited to short series and simple case reports. To adapt cytology diagnostic criteria to the most recent fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumours from 2019, we have reviewed our series from the files of the Institut Curie.
METHODS
A cohort of 66 female patients investigated by cytology with corresponding histologic diagnosis of MBC was identified. Eight cytologic characteristics were analyzed: cellularity, adenocarcinoma cells, squamous cells, spindle cells, giant cells, cytonuclear atypia, necrosis, and osseous/chondroid matrix and compared with histology.
RESULTS
Cytologic diagnoses were malignant in 58 (88%) cases (of which 29 cases were typed cytologically as MBC), suspicious in 6 (9%) cases, and nondiagnostic in 2 (3%) cases. None of the cytologic examinations was a benign diagnosis. Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma exhibited a low degree of cellular atypia. Fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) presented spindle cells, while SpCC also demonstrated varying degrees of atypia, the presence of giant cells, and necrosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was characterized by the presence of squamous cells, and metaplastic carcinoma with osseous/chondroid differentiation displayed an osseous/chondroid matrix.
CONCLUSIONS
Fine-needle aspiration holds considerable potential as a valid, independent, and complementary approach to histologic examination of MBC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Metaplasia; Aged, 80 and over; Cytodiagnosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37987613
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad144 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2023An adult male presented to the ENT clinic with a 1-year history of unilateral nasal blockage. He had presented to another institution 5 years previously with the same...
An adult male presented to the ENT clinic with a 1-year history of unilateral nasal blockage. He had presented to another institution 5 years previously with the same issue, undergoing resection of what was reported to be a benign inflammatory polyp with osseous metaplasia. Detailed examination revealed a large mass filling the left nasal cavity. Excisional biopsy and secondary specialist review of pathology revealed nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) with associated DICER1 mutations. NCMH is a rare, benign tumour of the sinonasal tract, presenting more often in the early childhood, with symptoms related to the site and extent of the tumour. As highlighted in this case, complete excision is mandatory for definitive diagnosis and treatment of NCMH, and an awareness of the association with DICER1 mutation, which can predispose individuals to a range of neoplasia, is key to providing appropriate genetic counselling.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Adult; Hamartoma; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Cavity; Paranasal Sinuses; Mutation; Ribonuclease III; DEAD-box RNA Helicases
PubMed: 37967930
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254457 -
Pathology International May 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant; Male; Gliosis; Metaplasia; Ossification, Heterotopic; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 38651939
DOI: 10.1111/pin.13431 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024Primary hyperthyroidism is a rarely diagnosed endocrinopathy in equids and there have been no previous reports of structural and functional cardiac changes associated...
Primary hyperthyroidism is a rarely diagnosed endocrinopathy in equids and there have been no previous reports of structural and functional cardiac changes associated with hyperthyroidism in these species. This case report investigates a 20-year-old mule gelding that presented for a three-month history of thin body condition despite polyphagia, with a heart murmur and elevated free and total thyroid hormone concentrations. On presentation, physical exam revealed a body condition score of two out of nine, persistent tachycardia, pansystolic heart murmur and firm bilateral ventral proximal cervical masses. Bloodwork confirmed markedly elevated free T4, total T4 and T3 concentrations. Echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular concentric hypertrophy with increased ventricular and atrial systolic function. Bilateral thyroidectomy was performed under standing sedation without complications. Histopathology demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the left thyroid gland and multiple adenomas with osseous metaplasia within the right thyroid. The mule was supplemented with levothyroxine sodium two weeks post-op after a thyroid panel demonstrated undetectable concentrations. Polyphagia resolved following surgery and the mule began gaining weight. Echocardiographic changes improved but did not resolve at two years post-operative. Continued bi-annual follow up and monitoring of thyroid levels was recommended. This case represents the first documentation of hemodynamically relevant cardiac remodeling in an equid associated with primary hyperthyroidism.
PubMed: 38891707
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111660 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Aug 2023Bone overgrowth after decompressive surgery for lumbar stenosis resulting in recurrence of neurological signs has not been reported in veterinary literature. However,...
BACKGROUND
Bone overgrowth after decompressive surgery for lumbar stenosis resulting in recurrence of neurological signs has not been reported in veterinary literature. However, there are few cases described in human medicine.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 13-month-old entire female dog, a crossbreed between a Springer Spaniel and a Border Collie, weighing 24 kg, was referred with a 5-day history of progressive spastic paraplegia, indicative of a T3-L3 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a right-sided L2-L3 compressive extradural lesion, compatible with epidural haemorrhage, which was confirmed by histopathology. The lesion was approached via right-sided L2-L3 hemilaminectomy and was successfully removed. One-year postoperatively the dog re-presented with pelvic limb ataxia. MR and computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated excessive vertebral bone formation affecting the right articular processes, ventral aspect of the spinous process of L2-L3, and contiguous vertebral laminae, causing spinal cord compression. Revision surgery was performed, and histopathology revealed normal or reactive osseous tissue with a possible chondroid metaplasia and endochondral ossification, failing to identify a definitive reason for the bone overgrowth. Nine-month postoperatively, imaging studies showed a similar vertebral overgrowth, resulting in minimal spinal cord compression. The patient remained stable with mild proprioceptive ataxia up until the last follow-up 18 months post-revision surgery.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report in the veterinary literature of bone overgrowth after lumbar hemilaminectomy which resulted in neurological deficits and required a revision decompressive surgery.
Topics: Dogs; Female; Humans; Animals; Constriction, Pathologic; Spinal Cord Compression; Spinal Cord Diseases; Metaplasia; Spinal Canal; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37644545
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00700-2 -
Acta Biomaterialia Mar 2024Porous structures are frequently used in surgical implants to strengthen the interlocking power produced by bone ingrowth. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism...
Porous structures are frequently used in surgical implants to strengthen the interlocking power produced by bone ingrowth. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying bone ingrowth into a porous structure accompanied by vascularization. A nonbioactive polyetheretherketone implant with a 3D-printed porous structure was prepared and implanted in a bone hole created in the tibias of rabbits. We observed bone ingrowth in the same individual specimens immediately and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation using in-vivo computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, a detailed evaluation with blood vessels of each specimen at 2, 4, and 12 weeks was performed with ex-vivo CT and histological specimen. Additional histological evaluation was performed using thin sections of an implant made with thermoplastic polyurethane having the same structure. As a result, the bone invasion began after four weeks, when the construction of fibrous tissue and the spread of new blood vessels within the voids matured. As the bone matured in the load-bearing area, new blood vessels outside the bone matrix regressed. This longitudinal evaluation study suggests that preceding fibrogenesis and vascularization may be key in developing bone ingrowth. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A porous structure is an essential structure for dental and orthopedic implants because it provides strong fixation through bone invasion. Although it was known that vascularization was involved in this, the details were not known. This in vivo study revealed that in order for bone ingrowth to begin, a preparatory period of approximately 4 weeks was required to establish blood flow inside and outside the implant. Furthermore, it was confirmed that by spreading the fibrous structure in advance, it has an advantageous effect on the migration of cells involved in the formation of bones and blood vessels. We pointed out that it is necessary to consider fibrogenesis and vascularization when creating future implants.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Porosity; Bone and Bones; Prostheses and Implants; Polyethylene Glycols; Ketones; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Titanium; Osseointegration
PubMed: 38367656
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.016 -
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Mar 2024An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed...
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation.
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS
Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16 protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel type was amplified from the neoplasm
DIAGNOSIS
Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.
Topics: Male; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 38043925
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2285294 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Urothelial tumors characteristically occur in elderly persons, more commonly in males with typical complaints of hematuria. Although few studies attempted to describe... (Review)
Review
Urothelial tumors characteristically occur in elderly persons, more commonly in males with typical complaints of hematuria. Although few studies attempted to describe clinic-pathological features of urothelial malignancies in young patients, due to heterogeneity in the inclusion of age groups under "young patients" no reliable conclusions can be derived. Herein, we are describing an interesting case of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential with osseous metaplasia in a 19-year-old chronic smoker young patient presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain with a review of the literature.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Calcinosis; Carcinoma, Papillary; Metaplasia; Smokers; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Urothelium
PubMed: 38358210
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_611_21 -
Developmental Cell Jan 2024Although mechanical cues are known to influence the postnatal skeleton, the impact of bone cell mechano-transduction on early skeletal development remains less clear. In...
Although mechanical cues are known to influence the postnatal skeleton, the impact of bone cell mechano-transduction on early skeletal development remains less clear. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Collins et al. (2023) report that YAP/TAZ deletion in osteoblast precursors reduces Cxcl12 expression, leading to defects in bone vascularization.
Topics: Humans; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Cues; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoblasts; Osteocytes
PubMed: 38262346
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.008 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Jan 2024Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with heterotopic formation has been reported very rarely. We report this rare entity in a 33-year-old female patient who came to the...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with heterotopic formation has been reported very rarely. We report this rare entity in a 33-year-old female patient who came to the out-patient department after complaining of pain in the lumbar region of the left side for 2 years. A computed tomography scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion originating from the posterior cortex of the left kidney in the upper pole. It had many chunky calcification foci and was treated with left robotic partial nephrectomy. Histo-pathological examination revealed clear cell RCC with the heterotopic bone formation with a tumor size measuring 5 × 4 × 2.5 cm; the tumor was limited to the kidney, and the tumor resection margin were free of tumor, WHO/ISUP Grade 2. The pathological stage (AJCC 8th edition PTNM) was p T1b p NX p MX. The prognostic implications regarding calcification are poorly addressed in the literature. Patients suffering from osseous metaplasia are often in their early stages of the disease and have a favorable prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Calcinosis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 38554371
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2085_22