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BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2024BACKGROUND PAECILOMYCES: and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium...
BACKGROUND PAECILOMYCES: and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium is rare. In this study, we present first case of severe pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by co-infection of Paecilomyces variotii (P. variotii) and Penicillium oxalicum (P. oxalicum) in a 66-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old woman patient presented to hospital for nausea, poor appetite, and vomiting for one day. On the second day of admission, blood culture and renal puncture fluid culture grew multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (imipenem/cilastatin sensitive), and she received combination therapy with imipenem/cilastatin (1 g, every 8 h) and vancomycin (0.5 g, every 12 h). On the fourth day, she developed symptoms of respiratory failure. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) showed an increase in pneumonia compared to before, with minor pleural effusion on both sides. Two fungi were isolated repeatedly from BALF culture, which were confirmed as P. variotii and P. oxalicum by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Her pleural effusion was completely absorbed, pneumonia symptoms have significantly improved and discharged with receiving liposomal amphotericin B treatment for four weeks. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth noting that clinicians and laboratory personnel should not simply consider Paecilomyces and Penicillium species as contaminants, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early fungal identification and antifungal drug sensitivity are crucial for clinical drug selection and patient prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Penicillium; Pleural Effusion; Middle Aged; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Coinfection; Paecilomyces; Pneumonia; Mycoses; Immunocompromised Host; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38898444
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09496-6 -
International Journal of Dermatology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Paecilomyces; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Cellulitis
PubMed: 37140100
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16711 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Sep 2023Extracellular elastase-like protease is one of the key virulence proteases of . To date, little is known about this enzyme in terms of genetic information, structure,...
Extracellular elastase-like protease is one of the key virulence proteases of . To date, little is known about this enzyme in terms of genetic information, structure, properties and virulence mechanism due to the difficulties in purification caused by its low secretion amount, high specific activity, uncompleted genome sequencing and annotation. This work investigated the gene, structure and enzymatic properties of this enzyme. The . elastase-like protease from the fungal culture supernatant was analyzed through tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach, illustrating its primary structure. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the conserved domain and tertiary structure, the enzymatic properties were also studied. It turned out that . extracellular elastase-like protease demonstrated well hydrolysis towards elastin and bovine achilles tendon collagen, with of 18.14 μg/s and 17.57 μg/s respectively, better than fish scale gelatin, with the lowest hydrolysis effect on casein. Its activity towards elastin was lower than that of the elastase from porcine pancreas, with values of / of 3.541 (μg/s) and 4.091 (μg/s), respectively. It was an alkaline protease, with optimal pH 8.2 and temperature 37 C. Zn promoted the enzymatic activity while Ca, Mg, Na, elastatinal and PMSF inhibited its activity. Its sequence was similar to secreted serine protease (PDB Entry: c3f7oB_) with multiple conserved fractions each containing more than 7 amino acids, thus suitable for design of PCR primer. This study increased our knowledge on . extracellular elastase-like protease in terms of structure and enzymatic properties, and may facilitate later studies on protein expression and virulence mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Pancreatic Elastase; Elastin; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Serine Proteases
PubMed: 37805855
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220907 -
Studies in Mycology Mar 2024The order is diverse and includes species that impact our daily lives in many ways. In the past, its taxonomy was difficult due to morphological similarities, which...
The order is diverse and includes species that impact our daily lives in many ways. In the past, its taxonomy was difficult due to morphological similarities, which made accurate identification of species difficult. This situation improved and stabilised with recent taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions that modernised , and . This was mainly due to the availability of curated accepted species lists and the publication of comprehensive DNA sequence reference datasets. This has also led to a sharp increase in the number of new species described each year with the accepted species lists in turn also needing regular updates. The focus of this study was to review the 160 species described between the last list of accepted species published in 2020 until 31 December 2022. To review these species, single-gene phylogenies were constructed and GCPSR (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) was applied. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were performed to further determine the relationships of the newly introduced species. As a result, we accepted 133 species (37 , two , 59 , two , 32 and one ), synonymised 22, classified four as doubtful and created a new combination for , which is classified in . This brings the number of accepted species to 453 for , 12 for , 535 for , 14 for , 203 for and four for . We accept the newly introduced section (in ), and series (in sect. ) and (in sect. ). In addition, we validate the invalidly described species and , and series (in sect. ), introduce a new combination for (type of the genus) and place it in a new section in subgenus , provide an updated description for , and list excluded and recently synonymised species that were previously accepted. This study represents an important update of the accepted species lists in . section Visagie, Kocsubé & Houbraken. series J.J. Silva, B.T. Iamanaka, Frisvad. J.J. Silva, M.H.P. Fungaro, Frisvad, M.H. Taniwaki & B.T. Iamanaka; J.J. Silva, Frisvad, M.H.P. Fungaro, M.H. Taniwaki & B.T. Iamanaka. (Durieu & Mont.) Visagie, Malloch, L. Kriegsteiner, Samson & Houbraken; (Crous & Decock) Visagie & Houbraken. Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Kocsubé S, Frisvad JC, Hubka V, Samson RA, Houbraken J (2024). A review of recently introduced , , and other species. : 1-66. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.01.
PubMed: 38600958
DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.01 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2023Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which...
Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which fruits are grown and are often found associated with raw fruit materials. To date, there is little available information on the distribution of HRMs in the soil and on their heat resistance. Thus, this study determined the presence and characterized the heat resistance of HRMs in soil samples from pineapple and sugarcane fields in Thailand. HRMs were detected in all soil samples, and the most dominant species was with 50-99.2% relative abundance. Other isolates, in descending order of frequency, were , , and . Then, 100 representative HRM isolates were identified based on a combination of morphological characteristics and ITS sequences. They were classified into 5 genera and 24 species. The heat resistance of ascospores aged 30 days produced by selected HRMs was qualitatively determined in a glucose-buffered solution. Based on their log reductions after heat shock at 75°C for 30 min, they were classified as less, moderately, or highly heat-resistant ascospores. HRMs belonging to , , , , , , , and produced high heat-resistant ascospores. In addition, soil physicochemical properties significantly influenced the prevalence of HRMs, depending on the fungal genus. The thermal resistance of ascospores was significantly and positively correlated to available phosphorus, whereas it was negatively correlated to soil pH. The results of this study confirmed the presence of HRMs in soils and potential HRM contamination, especially in fruits growing in acidic or high-nutrient soils, or both.
PubMed: 37546548
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8347560 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024The metabolic process of polysaccharides in gastrointestinal digestions and the effects of the resulting carbohydrates on the composition of gut microbes are important...
The metabolic process of polysaccharides in gastrointestinal digestions and the effects of the resulting carbohydrates on the composition of gut microbes are important to explore their prebiotic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the simulated digestion and fecal fermentation in vitro of three fractions (PHEPSs-1, PHEPSs-2 and PHEPSs-3) purified from the crude exopolysaccharides of Paecilomyces hepiali HN1 (PHEPSs) and to explore the potential prebiotic mechanisms. The three purified fractions were characterized by HPLC, UV, FT-IR, SEM and AFM, and they were all of galactoglucomannan family with molecular weight of 178, 232 and 119 kDa, respectively. They could resist the simulated gastrointestinal digestions, but they were metabolized in fecal fermentation in vitro. Furthermore, the mannose in PHEPSs showed a higher utilization rate than that of glucose or galactose. The proliferation effects of PHEPSs on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were weaker significantly than those of fructooligosaccharides before 12 h of fecal fermentation, but stronger after 24 h of fecal fermentation. Meanwhile, higher levels of short-chain fatty acids were found in PHEPSs groups when the fecal fermentation extended to 36 h. Therefore, PHEPSs are expected to have a potent gut healthy activity and can be explored as functional food ingredients.
Topics: Humans; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Digestion; Paecilomyces; Feces; Fungal Polysaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 38552700
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131198 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several...
Morels ( spp.) are highly prized and popular edible mushrooms. The outdoor cultivation of morels in China first developed at the beginning of the 21st century. Several species, such as , , and , have been commercially cultivated in greenhouses. However, the detriments and obstacles associated with continuous cropping have become increasingly serious, reducing yields and even leading to a complete lack of fructification. It has been reported that the obstacles encountered with continuous morel cropping may be related to changes in the soil microbial community. To study the effect of dazomet treatment on the cultivation of morel under continuous cropping, soil was fumigated with dazomet before morel sowing. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis results showed that dazomet treatment altered the microbial communities in continuous cropping soil, which decreased the relative abundance of soil-borne fungal pathogens, including , , , , and , increased the relative abundance of beneficial soil bacteria, including and . In addition, the dazomet treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of morel mycelia in the soil and significantly improved morel yield under continuous cropping. These results verified the relationship between the obstacles associated with continuous cropping in morels and the soil microbial community and elucidated the mechanism by which the obstacle is alleviated when using dazomet treatment.
PubMed: 37614603
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1200226 -
Food Microbiology Oct 2023In dairy industry, filamentous fungi are used as adjunct cultures in fermented products for their technological properties but they could also be responsible for food...
In dairy industry, filamentous fungi are used as adjunct cultures in fermented products for their technological properties but they could also be responsible for food spoilage and mycotoxin production. The consumer demands about free-preservative products has increased in recent years and lead to develop alternative methods for food preservation. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) can inhibit fungal growth and therefore increase the food product shelf-life. This study aimed to evaluate radial growth as a function of CO and more particularly carbonic acid for fourteen adjuncts and/or fungal spoiler isolated from dairy products or dairy environment by using predictive mycology tools. The impact of the different chemical species linked to CO (notably carbonic acid) were study because it was reported previously that undissociated carbonic acid impacted bacterial growth and bicarbonates ions were involved in modifications of physiological process of fungal cells. A significant diversity in the responses of selected strains was observed. Mucor circinelloides had the fastest growth rates (μ > 11 mm. day) while Bisifusarium domesticum, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium bialowiezense had the slowest growth rates (μ < 1 mm. day). Independently of the medium pH, the majority of strains were sensitive to total carbonic acid. In this case, it was not possible to conclude if CO active form was gaseous or aqueous so modeling were performed as a function of CO percentage. Only Geotrichum candidum and M. circinelloides strains were sensitive to undissociated carbonic acid. Among the fourteen strains, P. bialowiezense was the less sensitive strain to CO, no growth was observed at 50% of CO only for this strain. M. lanceolatus was the less sensitive strain to CO, the CO which reduce the growth rates by 50% was estimated at 138% of CO. Low CO percentage improved the growth of Penicillium expansum, Penicillium roqueforti and Paecilomyces niveus. Mathematical models (without and with optimum) were suggested to describe the impact of CO percentage or undissociated carbonic acid concentration on fungal growth rate.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Carbonic Acid; Fungi; Dairy Products; Food Preservation
PubMed: 37567633
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104324 -
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica Jun 2024Biological control of pests and pathogens has attracted much attention due to its green, safe and effective characteristics. However, it faces the dilemma of... (Review)
Review
Biological control of pests and pathogens has attracted much attention due to its green, safe and effective characteristics. However, it faces the dilemma of insignificant effects in large-scale applications. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the metabolic potential of biocontrol fungi based on big omics data is crucial for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the specific modes of action operated by various biocontrol fungi. This article analyzes the preferences for extracellular carbon and nitrogen source degradation, secondary metabolites (nonribosomal peptides, polyketide synthases) and their product characteristics and the conversion relationship between extracellular primary metabolism and intracellular secondary metabolism for eight different filamentous fungi with characteristics appropriate for the biological control of bacterial pathogens and phytopathogenic nematodes. Further clarification is provided that , encoding a large number of hydrolase enzymes capable of degrading pathogen protection barrier, can be directly applied in the field as a predatory biocontrol fungus, whereas , as an antibiosis-active biocontrol control fungus, can form dominant strains on preferred substrates and produce a large number of secondary metabolites to achieve antibacterial effects. By clarifying the levels of biological control achievable by different biocontrol fungi, we provide a theoretical foundation for their application to cropping habitats.
Topics: Fungi; Secondary Metabolism; Carbon; Biological Control Agents; Pest Control, Biological; Nitrogen; Animals; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38686460
DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024056 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Dec 2023Co-culturing the marine-derived fungi Penicillium janthinellium with Paecilomyces formosus led to the isolation of nine new indole-diterpenes, janthinellumines A-I...
Co-culturing the marine-derived fungi Penicillium janthinellium with Paecilomyces formosus led to the isolation of nine new indole-diterpenes, janthinellumines A-I (1-9), along with twelve known analogues (10-21). The chemical structures including their absolute configurations of them were assigned by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data and calculated ECD and VCD methods. These indole-diterpenoids displayed extensive biological activities, including anti-influenza A virus, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitory, and anti-Vibrio activities. Among them, the anti-influenza mechanism of compounds 1, 2, and 7 was further investigated using neuraminidase inhibitory assay, molecular docking, and reverse genetics methods, suggesting that 1, 2, and 7 could interact with Arg371 of the viral neuraminidase. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of PTPs inhibitory activity for indole-diterpene derivatives (1, 2, 4, 5, 9-16, and 19-21) was also summarized.
Topics: Molecular Docking Simulation; Coculture Techniques; Neuraminidase; Indoles; Penicillium; Paecilomyces; Diterpenes; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37722269
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106863