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Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024Few studies focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) in male patients. This study aimed to explore the detection rate and genotyping of HPV among male patients in Beijing...
Few studies focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) in male patients. This study aimed to explore the detection rate and genotyping of HPV among male patients in Beijing to provide a reference for formulating prevention strategies for HPV infection. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from November 2015 to March 2023. It covered male patients from the urology and dermatology departments. Fifteen high-risk HPV genotypes were detected by the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The overall detection rate of HPV was 25.19% (1288/5114, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.00%-26.38%), of which the single infection rate was 16.99% (869/5114, 95% CI 15.97%-18.05%) and the co-infection rate was 8.19% (419/5114, 95% CI 7.46%-8.98%). The detection rate of HPV was 40.77% (521/1278), 35.58% (58/163), 32.69% (101/309), 31.91% (60/188), 12.63% (299/2367), and 32.35% (131/405) among male patients with balanitis, warts, rash, urethritis, prostatitis, and other urinary inflammation, respectively ( < 0.001). The top five HPV genotypes were HPV-52, HPV-58, HPV-16, HPV-51, and HPV-66. After the first positive HPV test, the proportion of male patients who turned negative was 22.47% within 3 months, 26.40% within 3-6 months, 24.72% within 6-12 months, 17.98% within 12-24 months, and 8.43% more than 24 months. The detection rate of HPV was high among male patients from the urology and dermatology departments in Beijing, which should be considered to develop HPV vaccines with better prevention effects.
Topics: Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Genotype; Cross-Sectional Studies; Beijing; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomaviridae; China; Prevalence
PubMed: 38318858
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2313848 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are sexually transmitted and can cause cancer. In Germany, vaccination against HPV is recommended for girls and boys aged...
BACKGROUND
Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are sexually transmitted and can cause cancer. In Germany, vaccination against HPV is recommended for girls and boys aged 9-17 years. We aimed to investigate HPV DNA prevalence, genotype distribution and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in women aged 20-25 years 10 years after the introduction of HPV vaccination in Germany (2018-2019), and compared these data to an equally designed study from 2010-2012.
METHODS
Seventy six geographical clusters were randomly selected, followed by random selection of 61 women aged 20-25 years per cluster. Participants performed cervicovaginal self-sampling and answered questions on demographics, sexual behaviour and HPV vaccination. Samples were tested for 18 high risk and nine low risk HPV genotypes. We performed chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, unpaired Student's -test and proportion -test, and calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS
Of 7,858 contacted women a total of 1,226 agreed to participate. Of these, 94 women were positive for HPV types 16 and/or 18. HPV16 prevalence was 7.0% (95% CI 5.6-8.6) and HPV18 prevalence was 0.8% (95% CI 0.4-1.5). HPV6 and HPV11 were rare with only five (0.4%; 0.1-0.9) and one (0%; 95% CI 0.0-0.5) positive tests. Seven hundred fifty-seven women (62%) had received at least one HPV vaccine dose and 348 (28%) were vaccinated as currently recommended. Confounder-adjusted VE was 46.4% (95% CI 4.2-70.1) against HPV16/18 infection and 49.1% (95% CI 8.2-71.8) against infection with at least one HPV genotype covered by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Compared with the 2010-2012 study results, HPV16/18 prevalence dropped from 22.5% (95% CI 19.0-26.3) to 10.3% (95% CI 7.5-13.9; < 0.0001) in unvaccinated participants.
CONCLUSION
Vaccine-covered HPV genotypes were rare among 20-25 years old women in Germany and decreased compared to the time point shortly after the start of the HPV vaccination program. HPV prevalence of almost all vaccine-covered genotypes was strongly reduced in vaccinated participants. A decrease of HPV16 and HPV18 was even observed in unvaccinated participants, compared to 2010-2012 data, suggesting indirect protection of unvaccinated women. Low VE against HPV16/18 and HPV6/11/16/18 in our study might be attributable to study design in combination with the endpoint selection of (mainly transient) HPV DNA positivity.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Germany; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Prevalence; Vaccine Efficacy
PubMed: 37719724
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204101 -
Viruses Sep 2023Cervical cancer, a major health concern among women worldwide, is closely linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study explores the evolving landscape of...
Cervical cancer, a major health concern among women worldwide, is closely linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study explores the evolving landscape of HPV molecular epidemiology in Taiwan over a decade (2010-2020), where prophylactic HPV vaccination has been implemented since 2007. Analyzing data from 40,561 vaginal swab samples, with 42.0% testing positive for HPV, we reveal shifting trends in HPV genotype distribution and infection patterns. The 12 high-risk genotypes, in order of decreasing percentage, were HPV 52, 58, 16, 18, 51, 56, 39, 59, 33, 31, 45, and 35. The predominant genotypes were HPV 52, 58, and 16, accounting for over 70% of cases annually. The proportions of high-risk and non-high-risk HPV infections varied across age groups. High-risk infections predominated in sexually active individuals aged 30-50 and were mixed-type infections. The composition of high-risk HPV genotypes was generally stable over time; however, HPV31, 33, 39, and 51 significantly decreased over the decade. Of the strains, HPV31 and 33 are shielded by the nonavalent HPV vaccine. However, no reduction was noted for the other seven genotypes. This study offers valuable insights into the post-vaccine HPV epidemiology. Future investigations should delve into HPV vaccines' effects and their implications for cervical cancer prevention strategies. These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and research to guide effective public health interventions targeting HPV-associated diseases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Molecular Epidemiology; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Papillomaviridae; Genotype; Human papillomavirus 31; Prevalence
PubMed: 37896791
DOI: 10.3390/v15102015 -
Immunotherapy that leverages HPV-specific immune responses for precancer lesions of cervical cancer.Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Jan 2024Cervical cancer and its precursor lesion, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) viral infection and are highly... (Review)
Review
Cervical cancer and its precursor lesion, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) viral infection and are highly susceptible to host immunity targeting of HPV viral proteins, which include both foreign antigens and cancer antigens expressed by tumors. Immunotherapy that induces Th1 immunoreactivity against viral proteins is expected to take advantage of this immunological regression mechanism. However, although cancer immunotherapies for cervical cancer and CIN have been developed over the past several decades, none have been commercialized. Most of these immunotherapies target the viral cancer proteins E6 and E7, which are generally the same. The reasons for the underdevelopment of HPV-targeted immunotherapy differ depending on whether the target is invasive cancer or CIN. We here summarize the developmental history of cancer immunotherapy for CIN and discuss strategies for solving the problems that led to this underdevelopment. We note that CIN is a mucosal lesion and propose that inducing mucosal immunity may be the key.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Immunotherapy; Immunity
PubMed: 38216264
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.10.002 -
Journal of Clinical Virology : the... Oct 2023Although cervical screening using Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing is globally recommended public health policy, there has been no international proficiency studies... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although cervical screening using Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing is globally recommended public health policy, there has been no international proficiency studies specifically targeting HPV testing for cervical screening.
OBJECTIVE
To obtain the first global overview of the current proficiency of HPV testing services for cervical cancer screening.
STUDY DESIGN
A coded proficiency panel of 12 samples containing HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 or 35/39/51/56/59/68 in human DNA in varying amounts as well as control. Datasets detecting at least a) 10 International Units (IU) of HPV16 and 18, b) 1000 IU of HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 and c) having no false positives were considered proficient.
RESULTS
In total, 84 laboratories worldwide submitted 158 datasets (some laboratories used >1 HPV testing platform). Of those, 122 (77%) were 100% proficient. Only 14/158 datasets (9%) contained false positive results. Comparison of results with assays approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggest that future proficiency requirements should also accommodate assays detecting only 100 IU of HPV16/18. A pool of low oncogenicity HPV types that contributed very little to sensitivity, but adversely affected specificity, was detectable by most datasets.
CONCLUSION
Internationally recognized proficiency studies of HPV screening, traceable to international standards, provided an overview of current testing performance. There was a high level of proficiency in terms of sensitivity and few false positives, but specificity was not optimal and further research on optimal specificity of HPV screening tests may be warranted.
Topics: Female; Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; United States; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 37688950
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105581 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Sep 2023Cervical cancer oncogenesis starts with human papillomavirus (HPV) cell entry after binding to host cell surface receptors; however, the mechanism is not fully known. We...
BACKGROUND
Cervical cancer oncogenesis starts with human papillomavirus (HPV) cell entry after binding to host cell surface receptors; however, the mechanism is not fully known. We examined polymorphisms in receptor genes hypothesized to be necessary for HPV cell entry and assessed their associations with clinical progression to precancer.
METHODS
African American women (N = 1,728) from the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study were included. Two case-control study designs were used-cases with histology-based precancer (CIN3+) and controls without; and cases with cytology-based precancer [high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)] and controls without. SNPs in candidate genes (SDC1, SDC2, SDC3, SDC4, GPC1, GPC2, GPC3, GPC4, GPC5, GPC6, and ITGA6) were genotyped using an Illumina Omni2.5-quad beadchip. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations in all participants and by HPV genotypes, after adjusting for age, human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, CD4 T cells, and three principal components for ancestry.
RESULTS
Minor alleles in SNPs rs77122854 (SDC3), rs73971695, rs79336862 (ITGA6), rs57528020, rs201337456, rs11987725 (SDC2), rs115880588, rs115738853, and rs9301825 (GPC5) were associated with increased odds of both CIN3+ and HSIL, whereas, rs35927186 (GPC5) was found to decrease the odds for both outcomes (P value ≤ 0.01). Among those infected with Alpha-9 HPV types, rs722377 (SDC3), rs16860468, rs2356798 (ITGA6), rs11987725 (SDC2), and rs3848051 (GPC5) were associated with increased odds of both precancer outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Polymorphisms in genes that encode binding receptors for HPV cell entry may play a role in cervical precancer progression.
IMPACT
Our findings are hypothesis generating and support further exploration of mechanisms of HPV entry genes that may help prevent progression to cervical precancer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Cohort Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Case-Control Studies; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Glypicans
PubMed: 37410084
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0300 -
Nature Medicine Dec 2023Cervical cancer burden is high where prophylactic vaccination and screening coverage are low. We demonstrated in a multicenter randomized, double-blind, controlled trial... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Cervical cancer burden is high where prophylactic vaccination and screening coverage are low. We demonstrated in a multicenter randomized, double-blind, controlled trial that single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination had high vaccine efficacy (VE) against persistent infection at 18 months in Kenyan women. Here, we report findings of this trial through 3 years of follow-up. Overall, 2,275 healthy women aged 15-20 years were recruited and randomly assigned to receive bivalent (n = 760), nonavalent (n = 758) or control (n = 757) vaccine. The primary outcome was incident-persistent vaccine type-specific cervical HPV infection. The primary evaluation was superiority analysis in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) HPV 16/18 and HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 cohorts. The trial met its prespecified end points of vaccine type-specific persistent HPV infection. A total of 75 incident-persistent infections were detected in the HPV 16/18 mITT cohort: 2 in the bivalent group, 1 in the nonavalent group and 72 in the control group. Nonavalent VE was 98.8% (95% CI 91.3-99.8%, P < 0.0001) and bivalent VE was 97.5% (95% CI 90.0-99.4%, P < 0.0001). Overall, 89 persistent infections were detected in the HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 mITT cohort: 5 in the nonavalent group and 84 in the control group; nonavalent VE was 95.5% (95% CI 89.0-98.2%, P < 0.0001). There were no vaccine-related severe adverse events. Three years after vaccination, single-dose HPV vaccination was highly efficacious, safe and conferred durable protection. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT03675256 .
Topics: Female; Humans; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Kenya; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Persistent Infection; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaccination; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 38049621
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02658-0 -
Vaccine Jul 2023The species and tissue specificities of HPV (human papillomavirus) for human infection and disease complicates the process of prophylactic vaccine development in animal...
The species and tissue specificities of HPV (human papillomavirus) for human infection and disease complicates the process of prophylactic vaccine development in animal models. HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) that carry only a reporter plasmid have been utilized in vivo to demonstrate cell internalization in mouse mucosal epithelium. The current study sought to expand the application of this HPV PsV challenge model with both oral and vaginal inoculation and to demonstrate its utility for testing vaccine-mediated dual-site immune protection against several HPV PsV types. We observed that passive transfer of sera from mice vaccinated with the novel experimental HPV prophylactic vaccine RG1-VLPs (virus-like particles) conferred HPV16-neutralizing as well as cross-neutralizing Abs against HPV39 in naïve recipient mice. Moreover, active vaccination with RG1-VLPs also conferred protection to challenge with either HPV16 or HPV39 PsVs at both vaginal and oral sites of mucosal inoculation. These data support the use of the HPV PsV challenge model as suitable for testing against diverse HPV types at two sites of challenge (vaginal vault and oral cavity) associated with the origin of the most common HPV-associated cancers, cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer.
Topics: Female; Mice; Animals; Humans; Antibodies, Viral; Papillomavirus Infections; Mouth Mucosa; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; Vaccination; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Human papillomavirus 16
PubMed: 37270364
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.057 -
Oncogene Feb 2024The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has escalated in the past few decades; this has largely been triggered by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early... (Review)
Review
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has escalated in the past few decades; this has largely been triggered by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early cancer screening is needed for timely clinical intervention and may reduce mortality and morbidity, but the lack of knowledge about premalignant lesions for OPSCC poses a significant challenge to early detection. Biomarkers that identify individuals at high risk for OPSCC may act as surrogate markers for precancer but these are limited as only a few studies decipher the multistep progression from HPV infection to OPSCC development. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the multistep progression from oral HPV infection, persistence, and tumor development in the oropharynx. We also examine key challenges that hinder the identification of premalignant lesions in the oropharynx and discuss potential biomarkers for oropharyngeal precancer. Finally, we evaluate novel strategies to improve investigations of the biological process that drives oral HPV persistence and OPSCC, highlighting new developments in the establishment of a genetic progression model for HPV + OPSCC and in vivo models that mimic HPV + OPSCC pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Papillomaviridae; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38191674
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02927-9 -
Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer... Dec 2023The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review's aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women.
METHODS
Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85-29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively.
CONCLUSION
Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Vaccination Coverage; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomaviridae; Genotype; Prevalence
PubMed: 38060078
DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00196-x