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Viruses Feb 2024Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus with high contagion and mortality rates. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are...
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus with high contagion and mortality rates. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitously expressed on the surface of mammalian cells. Owing to its high negatively charged property, heparan sulfate (HS) on the surface of host cells is used by many viruses as cofactor to facilitate viral attachment and initiate cellular entry. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between viruses and HS could be a promising target to inhibit viral infection. In the current study, the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV and heparin was exploited to assess the inhibitory activity of various sulfated glycans such as glycosaminoglycans, marine-sourced glycans (sulfated fucans, fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, fucoidans, and rhamnan sulfate), pentosan polysulfate, and mucopolysaccharide using Surface Plasmon Resonance. We believe this study provides valuable insights for the development of sulfated glycan-based inhibitors as potential antiviral agents.
Topics: Animals; Heparin; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Sulfates; Glycosaminoglycans; Heparitin Sulfate; Mammals
PubMed: 38400013
DOI: 10.3390/v16020237 -
The Canadian Journal of Urology Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; Macular Degeneration; Cystitis, Interstitial; Anticoagulants
PubMed: 38912937
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; Cystitis, Interstitial; Retinal Diseases; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 36031934
DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2111200 -
Semergen Mar 2024Skin ulcers are a serious health problem with significant socioeconomic and labour repercussions and a high tendency to chronicity and recurrence; approximately, up to...
UNLABELLED
Skin ulcers are a serious health problem with significant socioeconomic and labour repercussions and a high tendency to chronicity and recurrence; approximately, up to 50% remain active between six months to one year.
AIM
To study the role of drugs in the aetiology of skin ulcers.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A comprehensive study of all spontaneous reports related to skin ulcers that appear in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System of Medicines for Human Use database.
RESULTS
A total of 292 reports were identified containing suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of ulcer lesion type. Three hundred sixty-nine medications with 427 active ingredients were identified. The ulcers appeared mainly in women with a mean age of 56.6 years. The most frequently reported suspected drugs were SGLT-2, vaccines against COVID-19, methotrexate, hydroxycarbamide, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, foscarnet trisodium hexahydrate, ribavirin, docetaxel, acenocumarol and imiquimod, and the combination of lidocaine Hcl-pentosan polysulfate sodium-triamcinolone acetonide.
DISCUSSION
Numerous medications may cause ulcers as an adverse reaction. This possibility should not be ruled out when a new skin lesion appears after the administration of new drugs since 25% of the ADRs were unknown at the time of their notification, as were the cases of ulcers associated with i-SGLT2 and vaccines against COVID at the beginning of their commercialization. However, informative health alerts can be generated by continuously notifying suspected ADRs, so we strongly advise reporting any suspected ADRs to the regional pharmacovigilance system.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ulcer; Spain; COVID-19 Vaccines; Skin Ulcer; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 37832472
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102121 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Dec 2023To report the structural and functional changes in a 67-year-old male with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy with a progressive resolution of bilateral...
PURPOSE
To report the structural and functional changes in a 67-year-old male with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy with a progressive resolution of bilateral vitelliform lesions after PPS cessation.
OBSERVATIONS
The patient was initially seen after taking daily PPS for over 26 years. Three months after discontinuing PPS, the bilateral vitelliform lesions identified on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at initial consultation had completely resolved. Bilateral resolution of vitelliform lesions was associated with a decline in best-corrected visual acuity, and ellipsoid zone disruption on SD-OCT.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
Several PPS maculopathy phenotypes have been previously described including vitelliform lesions. Our case highlights that discontinuing PPS may lead to rapid resolution of vitelliform lesions in PPS maculopathy and may be associated with a rapid reduction in vision.
PubMed: 37645698
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101875 -
Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal... Feb 2024In 2022, American Urological Association updated the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). A significant...
In 2022, American Urological Association updated the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). A significant change has been made in treatment recommendations. The updated guideline no longer divided treatments into first-line through sixth-line tiers. Instead, treatment is categorized into behavioral/non-pharmacologic, oral medicines, bladder instillations, procedures, and major surgery. This change emphasizes the heterogeneity of IC/BPS patients and the importance of individualized treatment, overturns traditional unreasonable ideas about hierarchical and progressive treatment, and encourages patients and physicians to make treatment decisions together. At the same time, the panel emphasized the importance of early implementation of cystoscopy in patients suspected of Hunner lesions and warned against the possibility of pentosan polysulfate causing a unique retinal pigmentary maculopathy. Urinary reconstruction surgery was considered to only be used as a last resort for the treatment of IC/BPS, and there is uncertainty about the overall balance between benefits and risks/burdens. The updated guideline provides a new understanding and decision-making basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IC/BPS. However, it should be noted that the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients should be considered in practice and the application of the guideline should be localized.
Topics: Humans; Cystitis, Interstitial; Cystoscopy; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester
PubMed: 38310379
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230713-00006 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Apr 2024Fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging clinical modality that could provide biomarkers of retinal health beyond fluorescence intensity. Adaptive...
PURPOSE
Fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging clinical modality that could provide biomarkers of retinal health beyond fluorescence intensity. Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy provides the confocality to measure fluorescence lifetime (FL) primarily from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) whereas clinical FLIO has greater influence from fluorophores in the inner retina and lens. Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO) measures of FL in vivo could provide insight into RPE health at different stages of disease. In this study, we assess changes in pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) toxicity, a recently described toxicity that has clinical findings similar to advanced age-related macular degeneration.
METHODS
AOFLIO was performed on three subjects with PPS toxicity (57-67 years old) and six age-matched controls (50-64 years old). FL was analyzed with a double exponential decay curve fit and with phasor analysis. Regions of interest (ROIs) were subcategorized based on retinal features on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compared to age-matched controls.
RESULTS
Twelve ROIs from PPS toxicity subjects met the threshold for analysis by curve fitting and 15 ROIs met the threshold for phasor analysis. Subjects with PPS toxicity had prolonged FL compared to age-matched controls. ROIs of RPE degeneration had the longest FLs, with individual pixels extending longer than 900 ps.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows evidence that AOFLIO can provide meaningful information in outer retinal disease beyond what is obtainable from fluorescence intensity alone. More studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of AOFLIO.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; Retina; Ophthalmoscopy; Retinal Degeneration; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Fluorescein Angiography
PubMed: 38630675
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.27 -
Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) Mar 2024To assess the quality of life of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and to study effective options used to control symptoms on outpatient basis.
AIM
To assess the quality of life of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and to study effective options used to control symptoms on outpatient basis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The results of a descriptive prospective cross-sectional cohort study are presented. The medical charts of patients who were treated in the City Clinical Hospital named after Spasokukotsky from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed. Eighty inpatient medical charts of various patients with a final diagnosis of IC with Hunner's lesion were identified. Only 53 patients were interviewed due to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to complete a survey consisting of 15 questions. The survey was carried out online for patients who did not require surgical treatment at the time of the study, and offline for patients admitted for repeated surgical treatment.
RESULTS
The average age of respondents was 59.011.1 years. 58% (31) of patients noted the presence of constant pain in the pelvic area during the day, while 85% (45) of patients reported pain outside the bladder area, in the urethra and perineum. The intensity of pain in the pelvic area was 4.9 (2.3-5.6) points. Higher pain scores 6.24 (5.8-9.0) were observed in 47% (25) of patients admitted for repeat surgical treatment. 62% (33) of patients had a titer of bacteria in a urine test above 104, while 51% (27) of patients experienced relief of symptoms after taking antibacterial drugs. For the treatment and symptomatic relief, the following are most often used: pentosan sodium polysulfate (26%, n=14), antibacterial drugs of the nitrofuran group (25%, n=13), amitriptyline (15%, n=8), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11%, n=6) patients. 23% (12) of respondents received intravesical therapy. The time from the onset of symptoms to the final diagnosis was 48 (24-96) months.
CONCLUSIONS
Although infection is a criterion for excluding the diagnosis of IC, more than 62% of patients have positive urine culture. The results obtained indicate the need to improve existing approaches to the diagnosis of IC, as well as to develop treatment algorithms for painful bladder syndrome to control symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Cystitis, Interstitial; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Aged; Prospective Studies; Adult; Cohort Studies; Ambulatory Care
PubMed: 38650399
DOI: No ID Found