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Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Due to the presence of numerous problems in osteoarthritis, e.g., the presence of one or more chronic diseases, reduced self-esteem and reduced ability to cope, patients...
BACKGROUND
Due to the presence of numerous problems in osteoarthritis, e.g., the presence of one or more chronic diseases, reduced self-esteem and reduced ability to cope, patients must undertake readaptation activities. In such circumstances, resources that are necessary for optimal adaptation become of particular importance. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the impact of behavioral resources, namely self-efficacy and optimism, on quality of life perception in early-old-age patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
An anonymous survey was conducted using recognized research tools: the Index of Severity for Knee Disease, Life Orientation Test, General Self-Efficacy Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life BEFF. The study involved 300 people aged between 60 and 75 years old, including 150 patients diagnosed with gonarthrosis and 150 people without diagnosed joint and muscular diseases of the lower limbs. Non-parametric tests (e.g., Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation coefficient) were used for the statistical analysis of the results, assuming a significance level of < 0.05.
RESULTS
The level of the examined personal resources was significantly lower in the group of people with gonarthrosis ( < 0.001), among whom low self-efficacy and a tendency toward pessimism prevailed. The results in terms of the level of lower limb joints impairment among the respondents correlated significantly and negatively with self-efficacy (r = -0.239; = 0.003) and dispositional optimism (r = -0.318; < 0.001). A higher level of the studied psychosocial resources led to a more favorable assessment of quality of life ( < 0.001) and own health ( < 0.001). In addition, a higher sense of self-competence was associated with better quality of life in the psychological ( = 0.044), social ( < 0.001) and environmental ( < 0.001) domains, while a tendency toward optimism was associated with higher quality of life perception in the social domain ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
It would seem to be reasonable to introduce a routine diagnosis, assessing the level of personal capabilities of elderly people with knee osteoarthritis, which may have a beneficial effect on their perception of their quality of life and their own health.
PubMed: 37887974
DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8050101 -
Resuscitation Dec 2023Frequency and timing of Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment (WLST) after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) vary across Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the United...
Early and late withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom: Institutional variation and association with hospital mortality.
AIM
Frequency and timing of Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment (WLST) after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) vary across Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the United Kingdom (UK) and may be a marker of lower healthcare quality if instituted too frequently or too early. We aimed to describe WLST practice, quantify its variability across UK ICUs, and assess the effect of institutional deviation from average practice on patients' risk-adjusted hospital mortality.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective multi-centre cohort study including all adult patients admitted after OHCA to UK ICUs between 2010 and 2017. We identified patient and ICU characteristics associated with early (within 72 h) and late (>72 h) WLST and quantified the between-ICU variation. We used the ICU-level observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios of early and late-WLST frequency as separate metrics of institutional deviation from average practice and calculated their association with patients' hospital mortality.
RESULTS
We included 28,438 patients across 204 ICUs. 10,775 (37.9%) had WLST and 6397 (59.4%) of them had early-WLST. Both WLST types were strongly associated with patient-level demographics and pre-existing conditions but weakly with ICU-level characteristics. After adjustment, we found unexplained between-ICU variation for both early-WLST (Median Odds Ratio 1.59, 95%CrI 1.49-1.71) and late-WLST (MOR 1.39, 95%CrI 1.31-1.50). Importantly, patients' hospital mortality was higher in ICUs with higher O/E ratio of early-WLST (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.21-1.38, p < 0.001) or late-WLST (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.31-1.48, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Significant variability exists between UK ICUs in WLST frequency and timing. This matters because unexplained higher-than-expected WLST frequency is associated with higher hospital mortality independently of timing, potentially signalling prognostic pessimism and lower healthcare quality.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Cohort Studies; Hospital Mortality; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Intensive Care Units; United Kingdom; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37661013
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109956 -
Terapevticheskii Arkhiv Sep 2023To establish the features of the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment adherence, as well as to clarify the factors associated with it in...
AIM
To establish the features of the influence of anxiety and depressive disorders on treatment adherence, as well as to clarify the factors associated with it in hematologic malignancies patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 117 patients: 51 men and 66 women, aged 19 to 67 years, with Hodgkin's lymphoma - 88, acute lymphoblastic leukemia - 16 and aplastic anemia - 13 patients. Patients were examined by psychiatrist using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, as well as some psychometric methods.
RESULTS
Anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders were detected in 36 (40.9%) patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 8 (50%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in the aplastic anemia group there were three (23.1%) of such patients. It was found that the average adherence to treatment was in 2/3 of patients, low and high - in the remaining 1/3 of patients. With medium and low adherence to treatment, the risk of adverse events increases by an average of 1.7 times. The adherence to treatment it is significantly higher in patients older than 45 years. Signs of depression that negatively correlated with adherence to treatment were pessimism and disruption of social ties. Adherence to treatment significantly positively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anosognosic, hypochondriac and egocentric, and significantly negatively correlates with the following types of attitudes towards the disease: anxious, melancholic and dysphoric.
CONCLUSION
Anxiety/depressive disorders contribute to reduced adherence of hematologic malignancies patients to treatment. Their correction and increased adherence should be carried out jointly by hematologists and mental health professionals.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Depression; Hodgkin Disease; Anemia, Aplastic; Anxiety; Hematologic Neoplasms; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 38159005
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.07.202291 -
PloS One 2023How to improve the quality of the new retail service supply chain (RSSC) has become a hot topic for enterprises and consumers. Considering the influence of the new RSSC...
How to improve the quality of the new retail service supply chain (RSSC) has become a hot topic for enterprises and consumers. Considering the influence of the new RSSC enterprises' emotional attitude on the decision-making of quality improvement, the theory of rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) is combined with an evolutionary game, constructing an evolutionary game model of collaborative quality improvement of new RSSC, and analyzing the game strategy choice of each participant in collaborative quality improvement of new RSSC. The study shows that when only one party is emotional, the rationality of retail service integrators will promote the synergistic improvement of the quality of the new RSSC more than functional service providers. Moreover, pessimism and optimism have an inverted U-shaped effect on quality decisions. When both parties have emotions, functional service providers remain optimistic, and retail service integrators remain pessimistic or rational can promote the collaborative improvement of new RSSC quality. In addition, the effects of quality preference, peer mechanism, feedback mechanism, and risk mechanism on the collaborative quality improvement of new RSSC are analyzed. Based on the research findings, relevant countermeasures are proposed to incentivize new retailers to conduct collaborative improvement in quality in terms of establishing an open mechanism for negotiation and consultation, strengthening the emotion management of new retail node firms, and adjusting the transmission of quality signals, with a view to realizing the quality collaborative improvement of the new RSSC.
Topics: Humans; Quality Improvement; Marketing; Emotions; Attitude
PubMed: 37967115
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294175 -
Randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic tinnitus.PLOS Digital Health Sep 2023Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sounds, generates distress and anxiety in those affected. Cognitive behavioral treatment approaches reproducibly help patients in...
Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sounds, generates distress and anxiety in those affected. Cognitive behavioral treatment approaches reproducibly help patients in managing chronic tinnitus. This study systematically evaluated the usefulness of a tinnitus app (with areas of attention and relaxation, mindfulness, acceptance, self-efficacy), which is prescribed for a total of nine months. One hundred eighty-seven participants with chronic tinnitus were equally randomized to an intervention arm that used a smartphone-based intervention -marketed as Kalmeda Tinnitus app-. and a control arm with delayed onset of treatment by 3 months. The first 3 months of a 9-months prescribed intervention have been analyzed as primary outcome. The Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) was used as primary endpoint to determine the reduction of tinnitus distress. Following intervention, there was a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction of the TQ sum score in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001, Cohen's d effect size = 1.1). The secondary parameters, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) and Perceived-Stress-Questionnaire (PSQ20) scores improved significantly in the intervention group whereas the Self Efficacy-Optimism-Pessimism short form (SWOP-K9) scores remained unchanged in both groups. Patients reported no treatment-related side effects. Taken together, use of this Tinnitus app lead to a significant decrease in tinnitus distress and a clinically relevant effect in the patients´ self-reported everyday management.
PubMed: 37676883
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000337 -
Micromachines Dec 2023With the CMOS technology downscaling to the deep nanoscale, the aging effects of devices degrade circuit performance and even lead to functional failure. The stress...
With the CMOS technology downscaling to the deep nanoscale, the aging effects of devices degrade circuit performance and even lead to functional failure. The stress analysis is critical to evaluate the influence of aging effects on digital circuits. Some related analytical work has recently focused on reliability-aware circuit analysis. Nevertheless, the aging dependence among different devices is not considered, which will induce errors of degradation evaluation in the digital circuit. In order to improve the accuracy of reliability-aware static timing analysis, an improved analytical method is proposed by employing logical resolving. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a better evaluation accuracy of aging path delay than traditional strategies. For aging timing evaluation on aging paths, excessive pessimism can be reduced by employing the proposed method. And, a 378× speedup is achieved while having a 0.56% relative error compared with precise SPICE simulation. Moreover, the circuit performance sacrifice of an aging-aware synthesis flow with the proposed method can be decreased. Due to the high efficiency and high accuracy, the proposed method can meet the speed demands of large-scale digital circuit reliability analysis while achieving transistor simulation accuracy.
PubMed: 38258204
DOI: 10.3390/mi15010085 -
Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a... Apr 2024Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary heart disease lowers the disease burden and risk of recurrent...
BACKGROUND
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary heart disease lowers the disease burden and risk of recurrent cardiac events. Examining psychological factors may improve post-PCI health behavior adherence.
PURPOSE
To determine whether psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, and the role of CR participation.
METHODS
Data from 1,682 patients (22.1% female, Mage = 64.0, SDage = 10.5 years) from the THORESCI cohort were included. Adjusted mixed models were used to examine associations between psychological factors and the 1-year course of health behaviors, using interactions to test for moderation by CR participation.
RESULTS
Psychological factors were associated with the trajectories of adherence to medical advice, exercise, and diet. The strongest association found was between optimism and the trajectory of dietary adherence (B: = -0.09, p = .026). Patients with high optimism levels had a worse trajectory of dietary adherence compared to patients with low to middle optimism levels. Participation in CR buffered the associations of high anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience, but strengthened the associations of high stress in the past year with the probability of smoking.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, but the pattern of associations is complex. Patients with high levels of anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience levels may disproportionately benefit from CR. Cardiac rehabilitation programs could consider this to improve post-PCI health behavior adherence.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION #
NCT02621216.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Health Behavior; Coronary Disease; Exercise
PubMed: 38431284
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae008 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Stigma is an individual and societal process based on attitudes and power and relates to both spatial disparities and social distinction. In this study, we examined...
INTRODUCTION
Stigma is an individual and societal process based on attitudes and power and relates to both spatial disparities and social distinction. In this study, we examined differences in desire for social distance toward people with mental illness within a city using social and spatial information.
METHODS
ANOVAs and Scheffé tests analyzed varying desires for social distance toward people with mental illness within Leipzig (East Germany). Joint Correspondence Analyses (JCA) explored correspondences between desire for social distance, socio-economic status, age, life orientation, social support, duration of living in Leipzig, and shame toward having a mental illness in five city districts of Leipzig in LIFE study participants (by Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Disease, data collected 2011-2014 and 2018-2021, = 521).
RESULTS
Stigma varied among Leipzig's districts (( = 4) = 4.52, = 0.001). JCAs showed that a higher desired social distance toward people with mental illness corresponded with spatial differences, high levels of pessimism, high shame of being mentally ill, low social support, low socio-economic status, and older age (75.74 and 81.22% explained variances).
CONCLUSION
In terms of stigma, where people with mental illness live matters. The results identified target groups that should be addressed by appropriate intervention and prevention strategies for mental health care.
Topics: Humans; Stereotyping; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychological Distance; Mental Disorders; Social Stigma
PubMed: 38026313
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260118 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Aug 2023Reduced tendency to engage in potentially rewarding activities is a hallmark of depression. The present study investigated the role of future expectancy biases in...
Reduced tendency to engage in potentially rewarding activities is a hallmark of depression. The present study investigated the role of future expectancy biases in depression-linked behavioural choice, in participants varying in self-reported depression symptoms (dysphoria). A novel laboratory paradigm was developed to test the hypotheses that the degree to which higher dysphoria is associated with reduced tendency to engage in a potentially rewarding activity is dependent on the presence of negative biases in the expected outcomes of activity engagement. Specifically, two types of expectancy biases were distinguished: a) the expected likelihood of a negative rather than positive outcome, and b) the expected emotional impact of either outcome. N = 176 undergraduate students with varied levels of dysphoria were given the opportunity to choose to engage in a coin-tossing game that could result in a win or loss monetary outcome in terms of charity donations, and then rated both types of expectancies. Results indicated that higher dysphoria was associated with more negative expectations concerning the likelihood of objective outcomes and the emotional impact of such outcomes, and as hypothesised, such negative expectancy biases mediated indirect associations between dysphoria and behavioural choice.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Students; Forecasting; Bias; Depression
PubMed: 37343328
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104353 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024The mood index [Formula: see text] was used to describe evaluator attitudes regarding the progress of a project that formed the basis of a construction period prediction...
The mood index [Formula: see text] was used to describe evaluator attitudes regarding the progress of a project that formed the basis of a construction period prediction model. The degrees of pessimism [Formula: see text] and optimism [Formula: see text] were introduced, and an analysis model was established using [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to predict the construction period and completion probability Firstly, the absolute construction period of each process of tunnel No. 2 can be obtained according to the measured daily average footage of each process of tunnel No. 1. Secondly, the probability of the stoppage caused by different factors can be obtained after the statistical analysis of the factors responsible for the stoppage of tunnel No. 1. Finally, the expected construction period and completion probability of tunnel No. 2 under different pessimism and optimism conditions are obtained by using the progress risk analysis theory of emotional models and the program evaluation and review technique method. An engineering application showed that the expected construction period increased, and the completion probability decreased considerably with increasing pessimism; the opposite trend occurred as optimism increased. During the process of risk management and control, the prediction model can be used to perform precise quantitative analysis of the expected construction period and completion probability, reduce the blindness of construction management, control decisions of complex giant tunnel projects, and provide a more accurate basis for decision makers to judge risks. The findings of this study can be applied to hydraulic tunnels and can provide a reference for traffic tunnels, railway tunnels, and other similar projects.
Topics: Drinking; Probability; Risk Assessment; Text Messaging; Affect
PubMed: 38361119
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54261-z