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Environmental Science & Technology Dec 2023Phosphorus (P) inputs to the biosphere have quadrupled in less than a century due to intensification of rock phosphate mining and the use of P fertilizers for crop... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus (P) inputs to the biosphere have quadrupled in less than a century due to intensification of rock phosphate mining and the use of P fertilizers for crop production. Accumulation of P in soils can increase P transfers across the soil-water continuum that impair aquatic ecosystem function and water resource quality for society. However, what this accumulated P is called, and subsequent connotations of magnitude versus mechanism at pedon versus watershed scale, varies in the literature. We argue that the two commonly used terms of "residual" and "legacy" P, though often used interchangeably, hold distinct meanings and connotations. Tracing the historical origins and trajectories of these terms reveals that "residual P" refers to the magnitude of fertilizer P that remains in the soil after crop harvest, whereas "legacy P" refers to the mechanism of P transfer across the watershed and its long-term impacts on water quality. The use of "legacy P" in many cases refers to the residuality of anthropogenic P inputs, and thus should be "residual P". We recommend that the term "residual P" be used when referring to the accumulation of P in soils under agricultural management from past inputs, and the term "legacy P" be used when referring to the transfer of P within watersheds. The intentional and thus consistent use of residual versus legacy P stands to provide important nuance in the environmental sciences and overlapping fields of agronomy and biogeochemistry.
Topics: Ecosystem; Phosphorus; Agriculture; Soil; Water Quality; Fertilizers
PubMed: 38086081
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04733 -
Environmental Science & Technology Aug 2023Excess phosphorus (P) is a major pollutant in aquatic systems. Phosphorus removal structures, landscape-scale filters designed to capture dissolved P from runoff,...
Excess phosphorus (P) is a major pollutant in aquatic systems. Phosphorus removal structures, landscape-scale filters designed to capture dissolved P from runoff, drainage, and wastewater offer promise in curbing P pollution. While the environmental benefits of various P removal structures are well documented, the cost-effectiveness of each structure's ability to sequester P is lacking. In this study, we compare the cost-effectiveness of P removal of the most prominent P removal structures. Specifically, we calculate the average cost per kilogram (kg) of P removed by eight different P removal structures across a range of parameter assumptions. Absent constraints, we found that (1) larger structures that use (2) regionally available phosphorus sorption materials that are (3) byproducts of industrial production (e.g., metal shavings and steel slag) rather than manufactured are more cost-effective. The average cost of P removal for most structures varies from $100 to 1300 per kg in our baseline estimations, which is comparable to the average cost for wastewater treatment. This work provides further information to guide the optimal implementation of P removal structures for conservationists.
Topics: Phosphorus; Wastewater; Environmental Pollutants; Water Purification; Steel
PubMed: 37581469
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02696 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023Global riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport models offer important insights into basin nutrient cycling. However, appropriate model selection for a given... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Global riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport models offer important insights into basin nutrient cycling. However, appropriate model selection for a given research objective remains ambiguous. This study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance and applicability of three prevalent global riverine nutrient transport models: Global NEWS, IMAGE-GNM, and WorldQual. According to performance criteria (satisfactory: R > 0.50 and NSE > 0.50), the Global NEWS model performs satisfactorily in simulating dissolved organic nitrogen (DON; n = 101, R = 0.58, NSE = 0.57) and dissolved organic phosphorus loads (DOP; n = 80, R = 0.59, NSE = 0.59). The model falls short in simulating dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; n = 644, R = 0.56, NSE = - 0.80) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus loads (DIP; n = 450, R = 0.33, NSE = - 0.12). The IMAGE-GNM model shows satisfactory accuracies in simulating riverine total nitrogen (TN; n = 831, R = 0.56, NSE = 0.53) and total phosphorus (TP; n = 902, R = 0.59, NSE = 0.48) concentrations, particularly in European basins. The WorldQual model presented unsatisfactory performance in simulating riverine TN (n = 11, R = 0.76, NSE = 0.34) and TP (n = 13, R = 0.71, NSE = - 0.25) concentrations. Using a two-segment linear model, we recommend the Global NEWS model for basins larger than 2.2 × 10 km for DIN and 3.2 × 10 km for DIP. The IMAGE-GNM model is best suited for basins with long-term datasets and high latitudes (TN > 21 years and > 53.8 °N; TP > 22 years and > 54.5 °N). For model improvements, both the Global NEWS and WorldQual models could benefit from enhanced in-stream nutrient retention/release modules. The Global NEWS model could be further improved with a better chemical weathering module. For the IMAGE-GNM model, refining the soil erosion module is warranted to enhance model performance. Addressing legacy nutrient effects is crucial for all three models. This study provides valuable guidance for selecting and improving nutrient transport models based on specific research needs.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Rivers; Nutrients; China
PubMed: 37979117
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31041-2 -
Bioresource Technology Sep 2023A novel process was proposed for simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus (P) recovery. The increased nitrate concentration facilitated the activity of denitrifying P...
A novel process was proposed for simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus (P) recovery. The increased nitrate concentration facilitated the activity of denitrifying P removal (DPR) in P enrichment, which stimulated P uptake and storage, making P more readily accessible for release into the recirculated stream. The total P content in the biofilm (TP) rose to 54.6 ± 3.5 mg/g SS as the nitrate concentration increased from 15.0 to 25.0 mg/L, while the P concentration of the enriched stream reached 172.5 ± 3.5 mg/L. Moreover, the abundance of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) increased from 5.6% to 28.0%, and the increased nitrate concentration facilitated the process of carbon, nitrogen, and P metabolism due to the rise in the genes involved in critical functions of metabolism. Acid/alkaline fermentation analysis indicated that the EPS release was the primary P-release pathway. Additionally, pure struvite crystals were obtained from the enriched stream and fermentation supernatant.
Topics: Wastewater; Sewage; Phosphorus; Nitrates; Denitrification; Bioreactors; Organic Chemicals; Nitrogen; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 37302767
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129284 -
Bioresource Technology Aug 2023Candida tropicalis PNY, a novel dimorphic strain with the capacity of simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, was...
Candida tropicalis PNY, a novel dimorphic strain with the capacity of simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, was isolated from activated sludge. Dimorphism of C. tropicalis PNY had effect on removing nitrogen and phosphorous and slightly affected COD removal under aerobic condition. Sample with high hypha formation rate (40 ± 5%) had more removal efficiencies of NH-N (50 mg/L) and PO-P (10 mg/L), which could achieve 82.19% and 97.53%, respectively. High hypha cells dosage exhibited good settleability and filamentous overgrowth was not observed. According to label-free quantitative proteomics assays. Up-regulated proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway indicated the active growth and metabolism process of sample with high hypha formation rate (40 ± 5%). And proteins concerning about glutamate synthetase and SPX domain-contain protein explain for the nutrient removal mechanism including assimilation of ammonia and polyphosphates synthesis.
Topics: Sewage; Candida tropicalis; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sex Characteristics; Bioreactors
PubMed: 37201869
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129186 -
Journal of Environmental Quality 2023To monitor and meet water quality objectives, it is necessary to understand and quantify the contribution of nonpoint sources to total phosphorus (P) loading to surface... (Review)
Review
To monitor and meet water quality objectives, it is necessary to understand and quantify the contribution of nonpoint sources to total phosphorus (P) loading to surface waters. However, the contribution of streambank erosion to surface water P loads remains unclear and is typically unaccounted for in many nutrient loading assessments and policies. As a result, agricultural contributions of P are overestimated, and a potentially manageable nonpoint source of P is missed in strategies to reduce loads. In this perspective, we review and synthesize the results of a special symposium at the 2022 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting in Baltimore, MD, that focused on streambank erosion and its contributions to P loading of surface waters. Based on discussions among researchers and policy experts, we overview the knowns and unknowns, propose next steps to understand streambank erosion contribution to P export budgets, and discuss implications of the science of streambank erosion for policy and nutrient loss reduction strategies.
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Phosphorus; Water Quality; Agriculture; Nutrients
PubMed: 37725393
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20514 -
Journal of Environmental Quality 2023Nutrient source has been the focus of much debate regarding the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie, despite that only 20% of nutrients applied to crops in the Western Lake...
Nutrient source has been the focus of much debate regarding the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie, despite that only 20% of nutrients applied to crops in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) originate from organic sources. However, limited data and assessments exist on the subsurface tile drainage water quality comparison between organic (liquid dairy manure) and commercial (mono-ammonium phosphate [MAP]) sources in crop production systems. Subsurface tile drainage, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) losses in tile drainage discharge following equal phosphorus (P) based applications of liquid dairy manure and MAP were assessed using a before-after control-impact design and 4 years of data from a paired field system located in northwest Ohio. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO -N ) and total nitrogen (TN) losses were also examined to supplement the P findings; however, due to dissimilar nitrogen application rates, losses were assessed in a different context. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in drainage discharge volumes or TP loads between the control and impact sites. However, statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) were measured for mean daily DRP, NO -N, and TN loads from the dairy manure site. While significant, mean daily DRP differences between commercial (MAP) and liquid dairy manure treatments were only on the order of 0.01 g DRP ha . Assuming current manure application extent and rates, when accumulated annually across the WLEB watershed, these losses are equivalent to less than 1% of target loads. These findings also help to inform nutrient management stewardship as it relates to nutrient source. Furthermore, additional research across a range of soil characteristics and cropping managements should be explored as well as the impacts of other livestock manure nutrients.
Topics: Soil; Phosphorus; Clay; Agriculture; Manure; Fertilizers; Nitrogen; Ohio; Water Movements
PubMed: 36971335
DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20478 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Dec 2023Phosphorus-based nanomaterials (PNMs) have been reported to have substantial promise for promoting plant growth, improving plant tolerance mechanisms, and increasing... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus-based nanomaterials (PNMs) have been reported to have substantial promise for promoting plant growth, improving plant tolerance mechanisms, and increasing resistance to pathogenic organisms. Recent scientific investigation has demonstrated that utilizing PNMs can enhance plant physiological growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant system, metabolism, nutrient absorption, rhizosphere secretion, and soil nutrients activation. Previous research on PNMs mostly concentrated on calcium phosphate, zeolite, and chitosan, with little systematic summarization, demanding a thorough evaluation of PNMs' broader uses. In our current review article, we address the knowledge gap by classifying PNMs according to green synthesis methods and the valence state of phosphorus while elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which these PNMs facilitate plant growth. In addition, we also targeted some strategies to improve the bioavailability of PNMs, offering valuable insights for the future design and safe implementation of PNMs in agricultural practices.
Topics: Phosphates; Phosphorus; Fertilizers; Agriculture; Soil; Plants; Nanostructures
PubMed: 37956611
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108172 -
Bioresource Technology Nov 2023Phosphorus bioavailability is essential for assessing compost quality. However, the effects of microbial and environmental factors on potentially active phosphorus...
Phosphorus bioavailability is essential for assessing compost quality. However, the effects of microbial and environmental factors on potentially active phosphorus (HO-P + NaHCO-Pi) in factory compost have not been investigated. The findings indicated that chicken manure had significantly higher available phosphorus (AP) and HO-P + NaHCO-Pi throughout the composting process than kitchen waste (P < 0.05). Chicken manure compost also exhibited higher α-microbial diversity. Novibacillus, Marinococcaceae and Bacillales were the core bacteria involved in bioavailable phosphorus conversion in both composts. The core bacteria in kitchen waste compost had a broader range of phosphorus metabolism functions. Moreover, moisture and pH were the key environmental factors that significantly influenced the bioavailable phosphorus (P < 0.05). These findings provide a scientific foundation for regulating the composting process and improving phosphorus utilization efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Composting; Phosphorus; Manure; Biological Availability; Bacteria; Chickens; Soil
PubMed: 37586430
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129676 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023The method of soil improvement by calcium phosphate precipitation is a novel, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic technique. Such technology provides advantages over...
The method of soil improvement by calcium phosphate precipitation is a novel, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic technique. Such technology provides advantages over ureolytic induced calcite precipitation (UICP), the most popular and widely used method in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this paper, an investigation of the consolidation of fine and coarse sand samples by enzyme induced calcium phosphate precipitation (EICPP) was carried out. Tuna bones were used as an alternative source of calcium and phosphorus ions, as one of the most popular fish species in Japan and the main source of food industry waste. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the samples after 21 days of daily injection of the solution showed an increase in strength up to 6,05 MPa in fine and up to 4,3 MPa in coarse sand samples. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis were performed to investigate the nature and type of deposition. Analyses confirmed that deposition is composed of brushite with needle-like crystals in the case of Toyoura sand and flower-like crystals in the case of Mikawa sand. SEM-EDS showed a presence of both, calcium, and phosphorus in the precipitate, indicating the presence of calcium phosphate compounds (CPCs). This study reveals that tuna bones are a rich source of calcium and phosphorus for EICPP, which results in a strengthening of silicate soil up to 3.4-6.05 MPa and is able to reduce ammonia emissions by 85.7 % - 97.5 % compared to UICP.
Topics: Calcium; Soil; Sand; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Calcium Phosphates; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Carbonate; Phosphorus
PubMed: 37517719
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165823