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Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Jul 2023The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission... (Review)
Review
The rapid and continual development of a number of radiopharmaceuticals targeting different receptor, enzyme and small molecule systems has fostered Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of endocrine system actions in vivo in the human brain for several decades. PET radioligands have been developed to measure changes that are regulated by hormone action (e.g., glucose metabolism, cerebral blood flow, dopamine receptors) and actions within endocrine organs or glands such as steroids (e.g., glucocorticoids receptors), hormones (e.g., estrogen, insulin), and enzymes (e.g., aromatase). This systematic review is targeted to the neuroendocrinology community that may be interested in learning about positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for use in their research. Covering neuroendocrine PET research over the past half century, researchers and clinicians will be able to answer the question of where future research may benefit from the strengths of PET imaging.
Topics: Humans; Neuroendocrinology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Brain
PubMed: 37423505
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101081 -
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy Sep 2023Flotufolastat F 18 (POSLUMA) is an F-labelled radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted imaging agent being developed by Blue Earth... (Review)
Review
Flotufolastat F 18 (POSLUMA) is an F-labelled radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted imaging agent being developed by Blue Earth Diagnostics, a subsidiary of Bracco Imaging, for prostate cancer imaging. In May 2023, flotufolastat F 18 received its first approval in the USA as a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) of PSMA positive lesions in men with prostate cancer with suspected metastasis who are candidates for initial definitive therapy or with suspected recurrence based on elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of flotufolastat F 18 leading to this first approval.
Topics: Male; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 37439946
DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00665-y -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Feb 2024Machine learning has the potential to improve patient care by automating the assessment of medical imaging. Machine learning models have been developed to identify...
Machine learning has the potential to improve patient care by automating the assessment of medical imaging. Machine learning models have been developed to identify ischaemia and scar on rest and stress myocardial perfusion imaging from positron emission tomography (PET). Application of these tools could aid reporting of PET by highlighting patients and vessels likely to have abnormalities. How this information should be integrated into clinical practice and the impact on patient management or outcomes is not currently known.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Coronary Angiography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Predictive Value of Tests; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 38244977
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101805 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Dedicated brain PET scanners are optimized to provide high sensitivity and high spatial resolution compared with existing whole-body PET systems, and they can be much... (Review)
Review
Dedicated brain PET scanners are optimized to provide high sensitivity and high spatial resolution compared with existing whole-body PET systems, and they can be much cheaper to produce and install in various clinical and research settings. Advancements in detector technology over the past few years have placed several standalone PET, PET/computed tomography, and PET/MR systems on or near the commercial market; the features and capabilities of these systems will be reviewed here.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Brain; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 37806894
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The skeletal muscles account for approximately 40% of the body weight and are crucial in movement, nutrient absorption, and energy metabolism. Muscle loss and decline in... (Review)
Review
The skeletal muscles account for approximately 40% of the body weight and are crucial in movement, nutrient absorption, and energy metabolism. Muscle loss and decline in function cause a decrease in the quality of life of patients and the elderly, leading to complications that require early diagnosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) offers non-invasive, high-resolution visualization of tissues. It has emerged as a promising alternative to invasive diagnostic methods and is attracting attention as a tool for assessing muscle function and imaging muscle diseases. Effective imaging of muscle function and pathology relies on appropriate radiopharmaceuticals that target key aspects of muscle metabolism, such as glucose uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and the oxidation of fat and carbohydrates. In this review, we describe how [F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG), [F]fluorocholine ([F]FCH), [C]acetate, and [O]water ([O]HO) are suitable radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging of skeletal muscles.
Topics: Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Animals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 38732077
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094860 -
Brain Imaging and Behavior Dec 2023First, to investigate the patterns of [F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography imaging in corticobasal syndrome using visual and semi-quantitative analysis and to compare...
PURPOSE
First, to investigate the patterns of [F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography imaging in corticobasal syndrome using visual and semi-quantitative analysis and to compare them with patterns found in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Then, to search for correlations with clinical features and [F]-FDG positron emission tomography imaging.
METHODS
27 corticobasal syndrome patients who underwent [F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography imaging were retrospectively studied. They were compared to 27 matched Parkinson's disease patients, 12 progressive supranuclear palsy patients and 53 normal controls. Scans were visually assigned to one of the following patterns: normal; unilateral homogeneous striatal uptake reduction; putamen uptake reduction with putamen-caudate gradient. A semi-quantitative analysis of striatal regional uptake and asymmetry was performed and correlated to clinical features and [F]-FDG positron emission tomography patterns.
RESULTS
[F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography appeared visually abnormal in only 33.5% of corticobasal syndrome patients. However, semi-quantitative analysis found putaminal asymmetry in 63%. Striatal uptake was homogeneously reduced in both putamen and caudate nucleus in corticobasal syndrome patients unlike in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. No correlation was found between [F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography and clinical features. Half of corticobasal syndrome patients presented a corticobasal degeneration pattern on [F]-FDG positron emission tomography. CONCLUSION: [F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography can often be normal in corticobasal syndrome patients. Semi-quantitative analysis is useful to unmask a significant asymmetry in many of them. Homogeneous striatal uptake reduction contralateral to the clinical signs is highly suggestive of corticobasal syndrome. This finding can be helpful to better characterize this syndrome with respect to Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Corticobasal Degeneration; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37474673
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00789-z -
Physics of Life Reviews Jul 2024Brain disorders are a series of conditions with damage or loss of neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or drug dependence. These... (Review)
Review
Brain disorders are a series of conditions with damage or loss of neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or drug dependence. These individuals have gradual deterioration of cognitive, motor, and other central nervous system functions affected. This degenerative trajectory is intricately associated with dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, employing radiopharmaceuticals and molecular imaging techniques, emerges as a crucial tool for detecting brain biomarkers. It offers invaluable insights for early diagnosis and distinguishing brain disorders. This article comprehensively reviews the application and progress of conventional and novel PET imaging agents in diagnosing brain disorders. Furthermore, it conducts a thorough analysis on merits and limitations. The article also provides a forward-looking perspective in the future development directions of PET imaging agents for diagnosing brain disorders and proposes potential innovative strategies. It aims to furnish clinicians and researchers with an all-encompassing overview of the latest advancements and forthcoming trends in the utilization of PET imaging for diagnosing brain disorders.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Nervous System Diseases; Radiopharmaceuticals; Animals
PubMed: 38574584
DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.007 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Apr 2024Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been useful in delineating tumor volumes and allowing for improved radiation treatment. The field of PET-guided... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been useful in delineating tumor volumes and allowing for improved radiation treatment. The field of PET-guided radiotherapy is rapidly growing and will have significant impact on radiotherapy delivery in the future. This narrative review provides an overview of the current state of PET-guided radiotherapy as well as the future directions of the field.
METHODS
For this narrative review, PubMed was searched for articles from 2010-2023. A total of 18 keywords or phrases were searched to provide an overview of PET-guided radiotherapy, radiotracers, the role of PET-guided radiotherapy in oligometastatic disease, and biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT). The first 300 results for each keyword were searched and relevant articles were extracted. The references of these articles were also reviewed for relevant articles.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS
In radiotherapy, 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG or FDG) is the major radiotracer for PET and when combined with computed tomography (CT) scan allows for anatomic visualization of metabolically active malignancy. Novel radiotracers are being explored to delineate certain cell types and numerous tumor metrics including metabolism, hypoxia, vascularity, and cellular proliferation. This molecular and functional imaging will provide improved tumor characterization. Through these radiotracers, radiation plans can employ dose painting by creating different dose levels based upon specific risk factors of the target volume. Additionally, biologic imaging during radiotherapy can allow for adaptation of the radiation plan based on response to treatment. Dose painting and adaptive radiotherapy should improve the therapeutic ratio through more selective dose delivery. The novel PET-linear accelerator hopes to combine these techniques and more by using radiotracers to deliver BgRT. The areas of radiotracer uptake will serve as fiducials to guide radiotherapy to themselves. This technique may prove promising in the growing area of oligometastatic radiation treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant challenges exist for the future of PET-guided radiotherapy. However, with the advancements being made, PET imaging is set to change the delivery of radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38711177
DOI: 10.21037/cco-23-143 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Malignant transformation is characterised by aberrant phospholipid metabolism of cancers, associated with the upregulation of choline kinase alpha (CHKα). Due to the... (Review)
Review
Malignant transformation is characterised by aberrant phospholipid metabolism of cancers, associated with the upregulation of choline kinase alpha (CHKα). Due to the metabolic instability of choline radiotracers and the increasing use of late-imaging protocols, we developed a more stable choline radiotracer, [F]fluoromethyl-[1,2-H]choline ([F]D4-FCH). [F]D4-FCH has improved protection against choline oxidase, the key choline catabolic enzyme, via a H/D isotope effect, together with fluorine substitution. Due to the promising mechanistic and safety profiles of [F]D4-FCH in vitro and preclinically, the radiotracer has transitioned to clinical development. [F]D4-FCH is a safe positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, with a favourable radiation dosimetry profile for clinical imaging. [F]D4-FCH PET/CT in lung and prostate cancers has shown highly heterogeneous intratumoral distribution and large lesion variability. Treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients elicited mixed responses on PET at 12-16 weeks despite predominantly stable radiological appearances. The sum of the weighted tumour-to-background ratios (TBRs-wsum) was associated with the duration of survival.
Topics: Male; Humans; Choline; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiometry
PubMed: 38138508
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248018 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in... (Review)
Review
This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in multiple myeloma (MM) and related plasma cell disorders. MM is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. 18F FDG PET/CT integrates metabolic and anatomic information, allowing for accurate localization of metabolically active disease. The article discusses the use of 18F FDG PET/CT in initial diagnosis, staging, prognostication, and assessing treatment response. Additionally, it provides valuable insights into the novel imaging targets including chemokine receptor C-X-C motif 4 and CD38.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Multiple Myeloma; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 38199914
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.010