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Journal of Thoracic Imaging Jul 2023Recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) technology and reconstruction techniques have now made quantitative assessment using cardiac PET readily available... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) technology and reconstruction techniques have now made quantitative assessment using cardiac PET readily available in most cardiac PET imaging centers. Multiple PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) radiopharmaceuticals are available for quantitative examination of myocardial ischemia, with each having distinct convenience and accuracy profile. Important properties of these radiopharmaceuticals ( 15 O-water, 13 N-ammonia, 82 Rb, 11 C-acetate, and 18 F-flurpiridaz) including radionuclide half-life, mean positron range in tissue, and the relationship between kinetic parameters and myocardial blood flow (MBF) are presented. Absolute quantification of MBF requires PET MPI to be performed with protocols that allow the generation of dynamic multiframes of reconstructed data. Using a tissue compartment model, the rate constant that governs the rate of PET MPI radiopharmaceutical extraction from the blood plasma to myocardial tissue is calculated. Then, this rate constant ( K1 ) is converted to MBF using an established extraction formula for each radiopharmaceutical. As most of the modern PET scanners acquire the data only in list mode, techniques of processing the list-mode data into dynamic multiframes are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of modern PET technologies such as PET/CT, PET/MR, total-body PET, machine learning/deep learning on comprehensive and quantitative assessment of myocardial ischemia is briefly described in this review.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 33492046
DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000579 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024During the last 2 decades, f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) has transformed the clinical head and neck cancer... (Review)
Review
During the last 2 decades, f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) has transformed the clinical head and neck cancer imaging for patient management and predicting survival outcomes. It is now widely used for staging, radiotherapy planning, posttherapy assessment, and for detecting recurrence in head and neck cancers and is widely included in NCCN and other evidence based clinical practice guidelines. Future Directions would include evaluating the potential value of FAPI PET/CT for head and neck cancers, opportunity to use volumetric and tumor heterogeneity parameters and deploying AI in diagnostic and therapeutic assessments.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 38290968
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.013 -
PET Clinics Jul 2023Like other major cancers, gastric cancer expresses fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Many recent studies have reported the utility... (Review)
Review
Like other major cancers, gastric cancer expresses fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Many recent studies have reported the utility and superiority of FAP inhibitor (FAPI)-PET over [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in gastric cancers, from initial staging to recurrence detection. FAPI-PET shows higher accumulation in primary sites and metastatic lesions than does FDG-PET, especially for the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. In the case of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, FAPI-PET showed excellent performance, as uptake is usually weak on FDG-PET in this cohort.
Topics: Stomach Neoplasms; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Protease Inhibitors; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37030982
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.02.009 -
Clinical Advances in Hematology &... Oct 2023Positron emission tomography (PET)-based biologic radiation planning has the potential to improve tumor control by improving the accuracy of radiation delivery, allow... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET)-based biologic radiation planning has the potential to improve tumor control by improving the accuracy of radiation delivery, allow for rational adaptive treatment, and decrease the likelihood of both acute and late side effects. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET is a widely used and effective diagnostic tool for many metabolically active tumors, including lymphoma and lung, head and neck, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic cancers. For these tumors, PET evidence has initially focused on more accurate staging but is evolving to allow for the escalation or deescalation of the radiotherapy dose depending on the PET-determined response to initial therapy. For gliomas and prostate cancer, novel tracers offer opportunities to improve tumor targeting of areas not well identified by traditional FDG PET. These tracers may also identify functional regions of healthy organs, allowing for more effective sparing of normal tissue.
Topics: Male; Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37948591
DOI: No ID Found -
PET Clinics Jul 2024Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells. NEN are ideally suited for a theragnostic approach due to their specific expression of... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells. NEN are ideally suited for a theragnostic approach due to their specific expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR). SSTR imaging of NEN dates back to the 1980s, but has evolved recently due to the introduction of more sensitive SSTR PET radiotracers. SSTR PET is a primary imaging modality for identifying NEN and characterizing SSTR expression. SSTR PET is complementary to anatomic imaging for assessing tumor response to treatment. SSTR PET is mandated to determine eligibility for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Here, the role of imaging to aid management of NEN is reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Receptors, Somatostatin; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 38714399
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2024.03.008 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Predictive Value of Tests; Positron-Emission Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sarcoidosis; Cardiomyopathies; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 38363263
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.01.003 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024The past 25 years have seen significant growth in the role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in musculoskeletal oncology. Substantiative... (Review)
Review
The past 25 years have seen significant growth in the role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in musculoskeletal oncology. Substantiative advances in technical capability and image quality have been paralleled by increasingly widespread clinical adoption and implementation. It is now recognized that PET/CT is useful in diagnosis, staging, prognostication, response assessment, and surveillance of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, often providing critical information in addition to conventional imaging assessment. As individualized, precision medicine continues to evolve for patients with sarcoma, PET/CT is uniquely positioned to offer additional insight into the biology and management of these tumors.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals; Bone Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38184453
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.008 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2024Osteoarticular infections are uncommon and required a multimodal approach for diagnosis. Imaging forms an important component of this multimodal approach. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteoarticular infections are uncommon and required a multimodal approach for diagnosis. Imaging forms an important component of this multimodal approach.
OBJECTIVES
In this narrative review, we describe the different imaging modalities, features of osteoarticular infections present on these imaging approaches and recommendations for which imaging modality should be considered in different types of osteoarticular infections.
SOURCES
This narrative review was based on literature review from PubMed and was limited to bacterial infections in adult patients.
CONTENT
Imaging modalities include modalities that provide information on the anatomy or radionuclide imaging that provides information about the metabolic activity of the area of interest. Anatomical imaging includes plain radiographs (X-ray), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Radionuclide approaches include three-phase bone scintigraphy, gallium scans, white blood cell scintigraphy, and F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography. The optimal radiological modality for diagnosis is influenced by multiple factors, including infection location, presence of metalware, timing of infection from any preceding surgery or fracture, antibiotic use, and patient comorbidities. Local availability of scanning modality, tracer supply, technical expertise, and patient access also influences choice.
IMPLICATIONS
A collaborative approach with imaging, pathology and clinical input in a multidisciplinary setting is paramount for the diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. Increasing research and improvements in technology will further improve the utility and accuracy of imaging approaches for imaging in osteoarticular infections.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 37940000
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.11.001 -
The International Journal of... Nov 2023Advanced cardiac imaging techniques such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used in clinical practice in... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy : A review paper with practical recommendations on behalf of the European Society of Cardiovascular...
Advanced cardiac imaging techniques such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used in clinical practice in patients with acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathies (I-CMP). We aimed to provide a review article with practical recommendations from the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR), in order to guide physicians in the use and interpretation of CMR and PET in clinical practice both for acute myocarditis and follow-up in chronic forms of I-CMP.
Topics: Humans; Myocarditis; Follow-Up Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Predictive Value of Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiology; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Cardiomyopathies
PubMed: 37682416
DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02927-6 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Dec 2023Pancreatic cancers are the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and outcomes remain poor despite improvements in imaging and treatment paradigms.... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic cancers are the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and outcomes remain poor despite improvements in imaging and treatment paradigms. Currently, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently utilized for staging and restaging of these malignancies, but positron emission tomography (PET)/CT can play a role in troubleshooting and improve whole-body staging. PET/MRI is a novel imaging modality that allows for simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI images, leading to improved image quality and potential increased sensitivity. Early studies suggest that PET/MRI may play a larger role in pancreatic cancer imaging in future. This manuscript will briefly discuss current imaging approaches to pancreatic cancer and outline existing evidence and published data supporting the use of PET/MRI for pancreatic cancers.
Topics: Humans; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37191756
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03943-9