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PET Clinics Apr 2024Skin cancers are the most common cancers, with melanoma resulting in the highest cause of death in this category. Accurate clinical, histologic, and imaging staging with... (Review)
Review
Skin cancers are the most common cancers, with melanoma resulting in the highest cause of death in this category. Accurate clinical, histologic, and imaging staging with fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is most important to guide patient management. Whilst surgical excision with clear margins is the gold-standard treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma, targeted therapies have generated remarkable and rapid clinical responses in melanoma, for which FDG PET also plays an important role in assessment of treatment response and post-therapy surveillance. Non-FDG PET tracers, advanced PET technology, and PET radiomics may potentially change the landscape of the utilization of PET in the imaging of patients with cutaneous malignancies.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 38233284
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.009 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Sep 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a valuable imaging modality widely used in the management of cancers. Its usage is well defined for most head and neck... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a valuable imaging modality widely used in the management of cancers. Its usage is well defined for most head and neck malignancies. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the utility of PET scan for sinonasal malignancies. This is highlighted by the latest international consensus statement on endoscopic skull base surgery.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to clarify the role of PET scan in the management of sinonasal malignancies.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases for research studies of interest. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) updated statement was used to guide the review.
RESULTS
In total, 1807 articles were assessed for eligibility. Thirty-nine original papers, published between 2004 and 2021, met inclusion criteria. Seven articles focused on the role of PET scan for inverted papilloma, 23 for sinonasal carcinoma, 4 for melanoma, and 3 for lymphoma, and finally, 3 articles focused on the use of specific PET scan tracers for sinonasal malignancies. Qualitative summaries for each potential role of PET scans were provided. In general, included studies were retrospective in nature with low level of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, and across all types of sinonasal malignancies, PET scan yielded positive results regarding detection and initial staging. It was also considered as the modality of choice for detection of distant metastases, except in the case of sinonasal lymphoma. PET scan's main limit resides in its inability to detect lesions in or close to the metabolic activity of the brain.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies; Positron-Emission Tomography; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Lymphoma
PubMed: 37229633
DOI: 10.1177/19458924231177854 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT)... (Review)
Review
Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanners. The virtual-pinhole PET concept offers new opportunities in PET system design, allowing one to mix and match detectors of different characteristics to achieve the highest performance such as high image resolution, high system sensitivity, and large imaging field-of-view. This novel approach delivers high-resolution PET images previously available only through organ-specific PET scanner while maintaining the imaging field-of-view of a clinical PET/CT scanner to see the entire body.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 37775372
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.002 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Dec 2023The diagnosis and understanding of pain is challenging in clinical practice. Assessing pain relies heavily on self-reporting by patients, rendering it inherently... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis and understanding of pain is challenging in clinical practice. Assessing pain relies heavily on self-reporting by patients, rendering it inherently subjective. Traditional clinical imaging methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can only detect anatomical abnormalities, offering limited sensitivity and specificity in identifying pain-causing conditions. Radiotracers play a vital role in molecular imaging that aims to identify abnormal biological processes at the cellular level, even in apparently normal anatomical structures. Therefore, molecular imaging is an important area of research as a prospective diagnostic modality for pain-causing pathophysiology. We present a mini review of the current knowledge base regarding radiotracers for identification of pain in vivo. We also describe radiocaine, a novel positron emission tomography imaging agent for sodium channels that has shown great potential for identifying/labeling pain-producing nerves and producing an objectively measurable pain intensity signal.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radiopharmaceuticals; Pain
PubMed: 37935212
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775743 -
Atherosclerosis Nov 2023Asymptomatic atherosclerosis begins early in life and may progress in a sex-specific manner to become the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and death. As... (Review)
Review
Asymptomatic atherosclerosis begins early in life and may progress in a sex-specific manner to become the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and death. As diagnostic tools to evaluate atherosclerosis in the macrocirculation, we discuss imaging methods (in terms of computed tomography, positron emission tomography, intravascular ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and optical coherence tomography), along with derived scores (Agatston, Gensini, Leaman, Syntax), and also hemodynamic indices of vascular stiffness (including flow-mediated dilation, shear stress, pulse pressure, augmentation index, arterial distensibility), assessment of plaque properties (composition, erosion, rupture), stenosis measures such as fractional flow reserve. Moreover, biomarkers including matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factors and miRNAs, as well as the impact of machine learning support, are described. Special attention is given to age-related aspects and sex-specific characteristics, along with clinical implications. Knowledge gaps are identified and directions for future research formulated.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; Sex Characteristics; Atherosclerosis; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37783644
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117275 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024Immunotherapy approaches have changed the treatment landscape in a variety of malignancies with a high anti-tumor response. Immunotherapy may be associated with novel... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy approaches have changed the treatment landscape in a variety of malignancies with a high anti-tumor response. Immunotherapy may be associated with novel response and progression patterns that pose a substantial challenge to the conventional criteria for assessing treatment response, including response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1. In addition to the morphologic details provided by computed tomography (CT) and MRI, hybrid molecular imaging emerges as a comprehensive imaging modality with the capacity to interrogate pathophysiological mechanisms like glucose metabolism. This review highlights the current status of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in prognostication, response monitoring, and identifying immune-related adverse events. Furthermore, it investigates the potential role of novel immuno-PET tracers that could complement the utilization of 18F-FDG PET/CT by imaging the specific pathways involved in immunotherapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38199917
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.012 -
Current Cardiology Reports Aug 2023Current non-invasive tests for evaluating patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have significant limitations for early detection and management of patients with... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Current non-invasive tests for evaluating patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have significant limitations for early detection and management of patients with PAD and are generally focused on the evaluation of large vessel disease. PAD often involves disease of microcirculation and altered metabolism. Therefore, there is a critical need for reliable quantitative non-invasive tools that can assess limb microvascular perfusion and function in the setting of PAD.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent developments in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have enabled the quantification of blood flow to the lower extremities, the assessment of the viability of skeletal muscles, and the evaluation of vascular inflammation and microcalcification and angiogenesis in the lower extremities. These unique capabilities differentiate PET imaging from current routine screening and imaging methods. The purpose of this review is to highlight the promising role of PET in the early detection and management of PAD providing a summary of the current preclinical and clinical research related to PET imaging in patients with PAD and related advancement of PET scanner technology.
Topics: Humans; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Lower Extremity; Muscle, Skeletal; Microcirculation
PubMed: 37314651
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01904-8 -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology 2023Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however... (Review)
Review
Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however current clinical imaging of treatment response does not specifically image cancer cell death but assesses this indirectly either by changes in tumor size (using x-ray computed tomography) or metabolic activity (using 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography). The ability to directly image tumor cell death soon after commencement of therapy would enable personalised response adapted approaches to cancer treatment that is presently not possible with current imaging, which is in many circumstances neither sufficiently accurate nor timely. Several cell death pathways have now been identified and characterised that present multiple potential targets for imaging cell death including externalisation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, caspase activation and La autoantigen redistribution. However, targeting one specific cell death pathway carries the risk of not detecting cell death by other pathways and it is now understood that cancer treatment induces cell death by different and sometimes multiple pathways. An alternative approach is targeting the cell death phenotype that is "agnostic" of the death pathway. Cell death phenotypes that have been targeted for cell death imaging include loss of plasma membrane integrity and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Targeting the cell death phenotype may have the advantage of being a more sensitive and generalisable approach to cancer cell death imaging. This review describes and summarises the approaches and radiopharmaceuticals investigated for imaging cell death by targeting cell death pathways or cell death phenotype.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37598518
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108380 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Nov 2023Hybrid PET/MRI is highly valuable, having made significant strides in overcoming technical challenges and offering unique advantages such as reduced radiation, precise... (Review)
Review
Hybrid PET/MRI is highly valuable, having made significant strides in overcoming technical challenges and offering unique advantages such as reduced radiation, precise data coregistration, and motion correction. Growing evidence highlights the value of PET/MRI in broad clinical aspects, including inflammatory and oncological imaging in adults, pregnant women, and pediatrics, potentially surpassing PET/CT. This newly integrated solution may be preferred over PET/CT in many clinical conditions. However, further technological advancements are required to facilitate its broader adoption as a routine diagnostic modality.
Topics: Pregnancy; Adult; Female; Humans; Child; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37741639
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.07.001 -
PET Clinics Apr 2024PET/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable hybrid imaging modality for the evaluation of thyroid cancer, potentially impacting management decisions. F-fluorodeoxyglucose... (Review)
Review
PET/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable hybrid imaging modality for the evaluation of thyroid cancer, potentially impacting management decisions. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has proven utility for recurrence evaluation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients having thyroglobulin elevation with negative iodine scintigraphy. Aggressive histologic subtypes such as anaplastic thyroid cancer shower higher FDG uptake. F-FDOPA is the preferred PET tracer for medullary thyroid cancer. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor and arginylglycylaspartic acid -based radiotracers have emerged as promising PET agents for radioiodine refractory DTC patients with the potential for theranostic application.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Iodine Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroglobulin; Positron-Emission Tomography; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 38212213
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.001