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Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... May 2024Atherosclerosis involving vascular beds across the human body remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary and peripheral artery disease, which are almost... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis involving vascular beds across the human body remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary and peripheral artery disease, which are almost universally a result of atherosclerotic plaque, can manifest clinically as myocardial infarctions, ischemic stroke, or acute lower-limb ischemia. Beyond imaging myocardial perfusion and blood-flow, nuclear imaging has the potential to depict the activity of the processes that are directly implicated in the atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture. Out of several tested tracers to date, the literature is most advanced for F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography. In this review, we present the latest data in the field of atherosclerotic F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography imaging, discuss the advantages and limitation of the techniques, and highlight the aspects that require further research in the future.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Fluoride; Positron-Emission Tomography; Atherosclerosis; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Coronary Artery Disease
PubMed: 38479575
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101845 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Aug 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional analysis of FDG distributions on various lesions in vivo, which can be applied for tissue characterization, risk analysis, and treatment monitoring after chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. Metabolic changes can be assessed using the tumor absolute FDG uptake as standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). In addition, tumor heterogeneity assessment can potentially estimate tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Attempts have been made to quantify intratumoral heterogeneity using radiomics. Recent reports have indicated the clinical feasibility of a dynamic FDG PET-computed tomography (CT) in pilot cohort studies of oncological cases. Dynamic imaging permits the assessment of temporal changes in FDG uptake after administration, which is particularly useful for differentiating pathological from physiological uptakes with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, several new parameters have been introduced for the in vivo quantitative analysis of FDG metabolic processes. Thus, a four-dimensional FDG PET-CT is available for precise tissue characterization of various lesions. This review introduces various new techniques for the quantitative analysis of FDG distribution and glucose metabolism using a four-dimensional FDG analysis with PET-CT. This elegant study reveals the important role of tissue characterization and treatment strategies in oncology.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Pilot Projects; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 36947283
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01411-4 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Positron-Emission Tomography; Amyloidosis; Iodine Radioisotopes; Cardiomyopathies
PubMed: 37940324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.09.002 -
Heart (British Cardiac Society) Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Calcinosis; Risk Assessment; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Aorta, Abdominal
PubMed: 37463734
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322814 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The most frequent extrathyroidal Graves' disease manifestation is Graves' orbitopathy (GO). The treatment of GO is determined by its severity and activity. There is... (Review)
Review
The most frequent extrathyroidal Graves' disease manifestation is Graves' orbitopathy (GO). The treatment of GO is determined by its severity and activity. There is currently no reliable, impartial method for assessing it clinically or distinguishing fibrosis from active inflammatory disorders. Today, imaging methods including orbital ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently employed to show pathological abnormalities in the ocular adnexa of GO patients. In addition, a not widely accepted technique - 99mTc-DTPA SPECT - has some potential to evaluate retrobulbar inflammation in GO patients. However, FDG-PET/CT is possibly superior to other imaging modalities in detecting inflammation in GO and it may be useful in assessing disease activity in case of clinical or serological uncertainty. It might also act as an early indicator of GO development and its aggravation before irreversible tissue alterations take place and may be used in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory disorders of the orbit. However, before FDG-PET/CT could be applied in daily clinical practice, the methodology of GO activity assessment with defined cut-off values for radionuclide concentration - standardized units of value (SUV) have to be established and validated. In addition, the limitations of this technique have to be recognized.
Topics: Humans; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Graves Disease; Inflammation
PubMed: 37600686
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138569 -
Chemotherapy 2024Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most important evolution of imaging in the management and assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
SUMMARY
According to Lugano response criteria, FDG-PET is mandatory to define metabolic response to frontline therapy and moreover it is important in the definition of nonresponders or refractory disease patients. Refractory disease is reported in about 15% of patients, with some variations based on the choice of first-line chemotherapy, and particularly in advanced stages, up to 40% eventually relapse within 3 years.
KEY MESSAGES
The aim of this review was to highlight a practical way to use FDG-PET in the subset of HL, with some notes of its use in first-line patients, and particularly centered on relapsed or refractory setting with a final focus of the evaluation of response by FDG-PET in the new treatment era of immunocheckpoint inhibitors.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37708879
DOI: 10.1159/000533766 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Nov 2023F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has become a key tool to evaluate infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, application of F-FDG-PET/CT in patients in the intensive care unit... (Review)
Review
F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has become a key tool to evaluate infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, application of F-FDG-PET/CT in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is limited, which is remarkable since the development of critical illness is closely linked to infection and inflammation. This limited use is caused by perceived complexity and risk of planning and executing F-FDG-PET/CT in such patients. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the feasibility of F-FDG-PET/CT in ICU patients with special emphasis on patient preparation, transport logistics and safety. Therefore, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using the search terms: intensive care, critically ill, positron emission tomography and F-FDG or derivates. A total of 1183 articles were found of which 10 were included. Three studies evaluated the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury and acute chest syndrome. Three other studies applied F-FDG-PET/CT to increase understanding of pathophysiology after traumatic brain injury. The remaining four studies evaluated infection of unknown origin. These four studies showed a sensitivity and specificity between 85%-100% and 57%-88%, respectively. A remarkable low adverse event rate of 2% was found during the entire F-FDG-PET/CT procedure, including desaturation and hypotension. In all studies, a team consisting of an intensive care physician and nurse was present during transport to ensure continuation of necessary critical care. Full monitoring during transport was used in patients requiring mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support. None of the studies used specific patient preparation for ICU patients. However, one article described specific recommendations in their discussion. In conclusion, F-FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be feasible and safe in ICU patients, even when ventilated or requiring vasopressors. Specific recommendations regarding patient preparation, logistics and scanning are needed. Including F-FDG-PET/CT in routine workup of infection of unknown origin in ICU patients showed potential to identify source of infection and might improve outcome.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Critical Care; Intensive Care Units; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37258380
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.05.003 -
Journal of the American Heart... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Acetazolamide; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Hemodynamics
PubMed: 38084748
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032657 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Nov 2023Arrested pneumatisation (AP) is an anatomic variant of the sphenoid sinus. Since AP remains underrecognised, otolaryngologists and radiologists may mistake AP for a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Arrested pneumatisation (AP) is an anatomic variant of the sphenoid sinus. Since AP remains underrecognised, otolaryngologists and radiologists may mistake AP for a lesion and perform follow-up imaging studies. We investigated the imaging findings of CT, MRI, and F-18 fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) for AP, and discussed the differences between AP and other skull base lesions.
METHODS
We reviewed multidetector low CT imaging of 442 patients (285 men and 157 women; age range, 19-93 years; mean age, 67.8 years) who underwent FDG-PET/CT for head and neck tumours between January 2019 and December 2019. The imaging findings of AP were reviewed on CT, MRI, FDG-PET/CT, and compared with those of fibrous dysplasia, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and bone invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
RESULTS
AP was identified in 22 patients (14 men and 8 women; age range, 24-93 years; mean age, 67.0 years) based on criteria from previous reports. AP manifested with well-circumscribed sclerotic margins on CT, without evidence of expansion. AP showed high-signal intensity on -/ weighted MRI. FDG-PET revealed non-significant uptake [maximum standardised uptake value (SUV): 0.85 (range, 0.4-1.27)] in AP. Contrastingly, skull base lesions showed expansion, poorly circumscribed boundaries without osteosclerotic margins, and moderate-to-severe FDG uptake (SUV: 1.8-8.4).
CONCLUSIONS
The characteristic imaging findings of AP, namely non-expansile on CT and non-uptake on FDG-PET, may aid in its differentiation from other skull base lesions.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Skull Base; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37870117
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20230297 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Perfusion; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
PubMed: 37821171
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.032