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Journal of the American College of... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Perfusion; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
PubMed: 37821171
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.032 -
Journal of Vascular and Interventional... Aug 2023This study assessed the feasibility and functionality of the use of a high-speed image fusion technology to generate and display positron emission tomography...
This study assessed the feasibility and functionality of the use of a high-speed image fusion technology to generate and display positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic images during PET/CT-guided tumor ablation procedures. Thirteen patients underwent 14 PET/CT-guided ablations for the treatment of 20 tumors. A Food and Drug Administration-cleared multimodal image fusion platform received images pushed from a scanner, followed by near-real-time, nonrigid image registration. The most recent intraprocedural PET dataset was fused to each single-rotation CT fluoroscopy dataset as it arrived, and the fused images were displayed on an in-room monitor. PET/CT fluoroscopic images were generated and displayed in all procedures and enabled more confident targeting in 3 procedures. The mean lag time from CT fluoroscopic image acquisition to the in-room display of the fused PET/CT fluoroscopic image was 21 seconds ± 8. The registration accuracy was visually satisfactory in 13 of 14 procedures. In conclusion, PET/CT fluoroscopy was feasible and may have the potential to facilitate PET/CT-guided procedures.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Neoplasms; Fluoroscopy; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37142215
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.04.020 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Aug 2023American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has provided the guidelines for diagnosing a patient with periprosthetic joint infection including the use of positron... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has provided the guidelines for diagnosing a patient with periprosthetic joint infection including the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Systematic evidence focussing on periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of hip is limited, which also contains limited number of studies. Hence, the current study aims to perform a pooled analysis of all studies that have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT for PJI of hip.
METHODS
Searches were done in PubMed Central, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane library until December 2022. Meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects model. With 95% confidence intervals (CIs), pooled sensitivity and specificity were reported.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of PET/CT was 89% (95% CI 84-93%), while the pooled specificity was 86% (95% CI 79-91%). The AUROC was 0.94 (95% CI 0.72-0.99). There was statistically significant heterogeneity (p < 0.001) with I2 value of 96%. The diagnostic odds ratio was 52 (95% CI 26-106). Likelihood ratio positive was 6.5 (95% CI 4.1-10.3) and negative was 0.13 (95% CI 0.08-0.19).
CONCLUSION
Our study found that PET/CT was found to have higher level of accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Further large-scale research can help to find answers for such questions and provide final conclusive evidence on the inclusion of the imaging modality into the routine clinical practice guidelines for suspected periprosthetic joint infection patients.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Positron-Emission Tomography; Academies and Institutes; Arthritis, Infectious
PubMed: 37644493
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04061-4 -
Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear Medicine Dec 2023Despite a vast number of articles on radiomics and machine learning in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, clinical applicability remains limited, partly owing... (Review)
Review
AIM
Despite a vast number of articles on radiomics and machine learning in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, clinical applicability remains limited, partly owing to poor methodological quality. We therefore systematically investigated the methodology described in publications on radiomics and machine learning for PET-based outcome prediction.
METHODS
A systematic search for original articles was run on PubMed. All articles were rated according to 17 criteria proposed by the authors. Criteria with >2 rating categories were binarized into "adequate" or "inadequate". The association between the number of "adequate" criteria per article and the date of publication was examined.
RESULTS
One hundred articles were identified (published between 07/2017 and 09/2023). The median proportion of articles per criterion that were rated "adequate" was 65% (range: 23-98%). Nineteen articles (19%) mentioned neither a test cohort nor cross-validation to separate training from testing. The median number of criteria with an "adequate" rating per article was 12.5 out of 17 (range, 4-17), and this did not increase with later dates of publication (Spearman's rho, 0.094; p = 0.35). In 22 articles (22%), less than half of the items were rated "adequate". Only 8% of articles published the source code, and 10% made the dataset openly available.
CONCLUSION
Among the articles investigated, methodological weaknesses have been identified, and the degree of compliance with recommendations on methodological quality and reporting shows potential for improvement. Better adherence to established guidelines could increase the clinical significance of radiomics and machine learning for PET-based outcome prediction and finally lead to the widespread use in routine clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Clinical Relevance; Machine Learning; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37995708
DOI: 10.1055/a-2198-0545 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Biomedical research has long relied on small-animal studies to elucidate disease process and develop new medical treatments. The introduction of in vivo functional... (Review)
Review
Biomedical research has long relied on small-animal studies to elucidate disease process and develop new medical treatments. The introduction of in vivo functional imaging technology, such as PET, has allowed investigators to peer inside their subjects and follow disease progression longitudinally as well as improve understanding of normal biological processes. Recent developments in CRISPR, immuno-PET, and high-resolution in vivo imaging have only increased the importance of small-animal, or preclinical, PET imaging. Other drivers of preclinical PET innovation include new combinations of imaging technologies, such as PET/MR imaging, which require changes to PET hardware.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37775371
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.09.002 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2023The development of novel PET imaging agents that selectively bind specific dementia-related targets can contribute significantly to accurate, differential and early... (Review)
Review
The development of novel PET imaging agents that selectively bind specific dementia-related targets can contribute significantly to accurate, differential and early diagnosis of dementia causing diseases and support the development of therapeutic agents. Consequently, in recent years there has been a growing body of literature describing the development and evaluation of potential new promising PET tracers for dementia. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of novel dementia PET probes under development, classified by their target, and pinpoints their preclinical evaluation pathway, typically involving in silico, in vitro and ex/in vivo evaluation. Specific target-associated challenges and pitfalls, requiring extensive and well-designed preclinical experimental evaluation assays to enable successful clinical translation and avoid shortcomings observed for previously developed 'well-established' dementia PET tracers are highlighted in this review.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Dementia
PubMed: 37149435
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.03.004 -
Molecular Imaging and Biology Dec 2023In addition to being expressed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, mannose receptors are also found on antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, which are...
PURPOSE
In addition to being expressed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, mannose receptors are also found on antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, which are mainly involved in the inflammation process. Dextran derivatives of various sizes containing cysteine and mannose moieties have previously been labeled with Tc and used for single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of sentinel lymph nodes. In this study, we radiolabeled 21.3-kDa D10CM with positron-emitting F for initial positron emission tomography (PET) studies in rats.
PROCEDURES
D10CM was conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator and radiolabeled with the aluminum fluoride-18 method. The whole-body distribution kinetics and stability of the intravenously administered tracer were studied in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats by in vivo PET/CT imaging, ex vivo gamma counting, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.
RESULTS
Al[F]F-NOTA-D10CM was obtained with a radiochemical purity of >99% and molar activity of 9.9 GBq/μmol. At 60 minutes after injection, an average of 84% of the intact tracer was found in the blood, indicating excellent in vivo stability. The highest radioactivity concentration was seen in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, in which mannose receptors are highly expressed under physiological conditions. The uptake specificity was confirmed with in vivo blocking experiments.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results imply that Al[F]F-NOTA-D10CM is a suitable tracer for PET imaging. Further studies in disease models with mannose receptor CD206-positive macrophages are warranted to clarify the tracer's potential for imaging of inflammation.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Dextrans; Endothelial Cells; Mannose Receptor; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Positron-Emission Tomography; Inflammation; Fluorine Radioisotopes
PubMed: 37016195
DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01816-7 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Microbial-based cancer treatments are an emerging field, with multiple bacterial species evaluated in animal models and some advancing to clinical trials. Noninvasive...
BACKGROUND
Microbial-based cancer treatments are an emerging field, with multiple bacterial species evaluated in animal models and some advancing to clinical trials. Noninvasive bacteria-specific imaging approaches can potentially support the development and clinical translation of bacteria-based cancer treatments by assessing the tumor and off-target bacterial colonization.
METHODS
18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol (18F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET), a bacteria-specific imaging approach, was used to visualize an attenuated strain of Yersinia enterocolitica, currently in clinical trials as a microbial-based cancer treatment, in murine models of breast cancer.
RESULTS
Y. enterocolitica demonstrated excellent 18F-FDS uptake in in vitro assays. Whole-body 18F-FDS PET demonstrated a significantly higher PET signal in tumors with Y. enterocolitica colonization compared to those not colonized, in murine models utilizing direct intratumor or intravenous administration of bacteria, which were confirmed using ex vivo gamma counting. Conversely, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET signal was not different in Y. enterocolitica colonized versus uncolonized tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
Given that PET is widely used for the management of cancer patients, 18F-FDS PET could be utilized as a complementary approach supporting the development and clinical translation of Y. enterocolitica-based tumor-targeting bacterial therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37788499
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad077 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2024Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) are diagnostic challenges that often require an extensive work-up. When first-line tests do not... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) are diagnostic challenges that often require an extensive work-up. When first-line tests do not provide any or only misleading clues, second-line investigations such as specialized imaging techniques are often warranted.
OBJECTIVES
To provide an overview of the diagnostic value of imaging techniques that are commonly used in patients with FUO/IUO.
SOURCES
MEDLINE database was searched to identify the most relevant studies, trials, reviews, or meta-analyses until 31 March 2023.
CONTENT
The most important types of second-line imaging tests for FUO and IUO are outlined, including [Ga]-citrate single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (CT), labelled leukocyte imaging, [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT ([F]-FDG-PET), and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the diagnostic yield, extends on potential future imaging techniques (pathogen-specific bacterial imaging and [F]-FDG-PET/magnetic resonance imaging), discusses cost-effectiveness, highlights practical implications and pitfalls, and addresses future perspectives. Where applicable, we provide additional data specifically for the infection subgroup.
IMPLICATIONS
Although many imaging examinations are proven to be useful in FUO and IUO, [F]-FDG-PET/CT is the preferred second-line test when available as it provides a high diagnostic yield in a presumably cost-effective way.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Whole Body Imaging; Inflammation; Fever of Unknown Origin; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37597617
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.010 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Dec 2023Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (Ce-CMR) and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are frequently utilized in clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the assessment of myocardial viability: meta-analysis and systematic review.
AIM
Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (Ce-CMR) and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are frequently utilized in clinical practice to assess myocardial viability. However, studies evaluating direct comparison between Ce-CMR and FDG-PET have a smaller sample size, and no clear distinction between the two imaging modalities has been defined. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing Ce-CMR and FDG-PET for the assessment of myocardial viability.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to 4/20/2022 with search terms "viability" AND "heart diseases" AND "cardiac magnetic resonance imaging" AND "positron-emission tomography." We extracted patient characteristics, segment level viability assessment according to Ce-CMR and FDG-PET, and change in regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) at follow-up.
RESULTS
We included four studies in the meta-analysis which provided viability assessment with Ce-CMR and FDG-PET in all patients and change in RWMA at follow-up. There were 82 patients among the four included studies, and 585 segments were compared for viability assessment. There were 59 (72%) males, and mean age was 65 years. The sensitivity (95% confidence interval-CI) and specificity (CI) of Ce-CMR for predicting myocardial recovery were 0.88 (0.66-0.96) and 0.64 (0.49-0.77), respectively. The sensitivity (CI) and specificity (CI) of FDG-PET for predicting myocardial recovery were 0.91 (0.63-0.99) and 0.67 (0.49-0.81), respectively.
CONCLUSION
FDG-PET and Ce-CMR have comparable diagnostic parameters in myocardial viability assessment and are consistent with prior research.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Heart; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37758962
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03377-2