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Journal of the American Chemical Society Dec 2023Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain...
Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain unexplored as potential supramolecular host platforms for the recognition of anions. Herein, we present the first example of the rational design, synthesis, and unique recognition properties of novel fullerene-functionalized halogen-bonding (XB) heteroditopic ion-pair receptors containing cation and anion binding domains spatially separated by C. Fullerene spatial separation of the XB donors and the crown ether complexed potassium cation resulted in a rare example of an artificial receptor containing two anion binding sites with opposing preferences for hard and soft halides. Importantly, the incorporation of the C motif into the heteroditopic receptor structure has a significant effect on the halide binding selectivity, which is further amplified upon K cation binding. The potassium cation complexed fullerene-based receptors exhibit enhanced selectivity for the soft polarizable iodide ion which is assisted by the C scaffold preorganizing the potent XB-based binding domains, anion-π interactions, and the exceptional polarizability of the fullerene moiety, as evidenced from DFT calculations. These observations serve to highlight the unique properties of fullerene surfaces for proximal charged guest binding with potential applications in construction of selective molecular sensors and modulating the properties of solar cell devices.
PubMed: 38060428
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07774 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited...
BACKGROUND
Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited treatment options, low cure rates, and high rates of relapse. This underscores the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. In this study, potassium iodide (KI) combined with Methylene Blue (MB) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) were assessed in the treatment of Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora) both in vitro and in vivo. And the underlying mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of this treatment approach was investigated.
METHODS
In vitro experiments were conducted using different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI, and 660 nm light (60 mW/cm) to inhibit F. monophora. The study was carried out using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of singlet oxygen (O), free iodine (I), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and superoxide anion during the KI combined MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT process was also detected. In vivo experiments were developed using a Balb/c mouse paw infection model with F. monophora and treated with PBS, 10 mM KI, 2 mM MB +100 J/cm² and 10 mM KI+2 mM MB +100 J/cm² respectively. Inflammatory swelling, fungal load and histopathological analyses of the mouse footpads were assessed.
RESULTS
KI enhanced the killing effect of MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT on the conidial spores of F. monophora at the cell and infected animal model level. During the process, the main antimicrobial agents in KI combined with MB- mediated antimicrobial PDT could produce stronger toxic active species including free I and HO CONCLUSION: KI combined with MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT could be an effective adjunct therapy for treating CBM.
PubMed: 38901715
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104255 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023This study aimed to investigate the use of selected pumpkin varieties as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO) at different concentrations (2.3,...
This study aimed to investigate the use of selected pumpkin varieties as carriers of potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO) at different concentrations (2.3, 0.23, and 0.023 mg/100 g). It was hypothesized that the concentrations and form of iodine fortification in pumpkins affect the antioxidant activity of pumpkins. The results showed a high recovery of the introduced iodine in all pumpkin varieties after drying, as well as high iodine stability during storage, especially for KIO. However, statistical analysis confirmed a relationship between the forms and concentration of iodine and the ABTS cation radical and the DPPH radical test results. In the systems with iodine concentration at 0.023 and 0.23 mg/100 g, the antioxidant activity did not change. However, for all pumpkin varieties fortified with a KIO concentration at 3.9 mg/100 g (2.3 mg/100 g of iodine), a statistically significant decrease in free-radical scavenging was confirmed. Therefore, for maximum effectiveness in pumpkin's free-radical scavenging indices, it is suggested to introduce iodine in the form of KI and KIO, but in controlled concentrations. However, KIO should be added at a maximum amount of 0.39 mg/100 g.
PubMed: 37509884
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142792 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against...
A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species.
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X 100-400 mM), light dose (X, 10-70 J/cm), and MB's incubation time (X, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against ATCC 90028 (Y), ATCC 22019 (Y), and ATCC 2950 (Y) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were Y = 7.126 + 1.199XX - 1.742X + 0.206X - 0.361X; Y = 10.724 - 0.867X - 1.497X + 0.560X + 1.298X; and Y = 0.892 - 0.956X + 2.296X + 1.299X - 3.316XX. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for ; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for ; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for . The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
PubMed: 37894215
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557 -
Veterinary Dermatology Dec 2023A seven-month-old, male, domestic short-hair cat was presented with nodular and ulcerative lesions, as well as respiratory signs, caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis...
A seven-month-old, male, domestic short-hair cat was presented with nodular and ulcerative lesions, as well as respiratory signs, caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis infection. Owing to lack of response to oral itraconazole and potassium iodide, isavuconazole was substituted for itraconazole, leading to clinical cure after three months of treatment without adverse effects.
Topics: Male; Cats; Animals; Sporotrichosis; Itraconazole; Potassium Iodide; Antifungal Agents; Sporothrix; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 37357375
DOI: 10.1111/vde.13188 -
ACS Omega Apr 2024Lithium iodide is commonly used in the production of batteries and drugs. Currently, the neutralization method is the primary means of producing lithium iodide. This...
Lithium iodide is commonly used in the production of batteries and drugs. Currently, the neutralization method is the primary means of producing lithium iodide. This method involves using hydriodic acid as a raw material, adding lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, and obtaining lithium iodide through evaporation and concentration. However, hydriodic acid is chemically unstable. Its preparation can lead to explosive accidents and encountering high temperatures generates toxic iodine vapors. These limitations restrict its industrial production. The study evaluates the impact of membrane stack configuration, operating voltage, and initial concentrations and volume ratios of reactants on the production process. Electrodialysis metathesis, characterized by a simpler process flow, lower energy consumption, and environmental benefits, emerges as an effective technique for electrically driven membrane separation in lithium salt production and purification. Under the specific conditions of a C-C-A-C-A-C membrane stack configuration, operating voltage at 25 V, initial potassium iodide concentration at 0.4 mol/L, initial lithium sulfate concentration at 0.2 mol/L, and a 1:1 volume ratio of product liquid to raw material liquid, the method achieves a lithium iodide purity of 98.9% with a production cost of approximately 0.502 $/kg LiI.
PubMed: 38617683
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00643 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in...
INTRODUCTION
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on (. ) and dental biofilm.
METHODS
The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing).
RESULTS
The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of . . SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI.
CONCLUSIONS
The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against . , resulting in total inhibition.
PubMed: 38707672
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23 -
Journal of Medical Cases Apr 2024In pediatric-aged patients, hyperthyroidism generally results from the autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease (GD). Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine...
In pediatric-aged patients, hyperthyroidism generally results from the autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease (GD). Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) result in irritability, emotional lability, nervousness, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. The risk of morbidity and mortality is increased when surgical intervention is required in patients with hyperthyroidism due to the potential for the development of thyroid storm (TS). A 3-year, 1-month-old child with a past medical history of GD presented for total thyroidectomy when pharmacologic control with methimazole was not feasible due to intolerance following development of a serum sickness-like illness. Prior to surgery, his thyrotoxicosis symptoms worsened with fever, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and hypertension. He subsequently developed TS and was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit where management included hydrocortisone, potassium iodide, and β-adrenergic blockade with esmolol and propranolol. Thyroid studies improved prior to surgery, and a total thyroidectomy was successfully completed. Corticosteroid therapy was slowly tapered as an outpatient, and he was discharged home on hospital day 9. Following discharge, his signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis resolved, and he was started on oral levothyroxine replacement therapy. The remainder of his postoperative and post-discharge course were unremarkable. Only two case reports of perioperative pediatric TS have been published in the past 20 years. Our case serves as an important reminder of the signs of TS in children and to outline the treatment options in a pediatric patient, especially in those unable to tolerate first-line pharmacologic therapies such as methimazole or propylthiouracil.
PubMed: 38646421
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4197 -
Lasers in Medical Science Feb 2024Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and...
In vitro photoinactivation effectiveness of a portable LED device aimed for intranasal photodisinfection and a photosensitizer formulation comprising methylene blue and potassium iodide against bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory pathogens.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and photosensitizer-related challenges. We report in vitro effectiveness of an easily fabricated, low-cost, portable, LED device and a formulation comprising methylene blue (MB) and potassium iodide (KI) for photoinactivation of pathogens of the nasal cavity, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, multi-antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida spp., and SARS-CoV-2.In a 96-well plate, microbial suspensions incubated with 0.005% MB alone or MB and KI formulation were exposed to different red light (~ 660 ± 25 nm) fluence using the LED device fitted to each well. Survival loss in bacteria and fungi was quantified using colony-forming unit assay, and SARS-CoV-2 photodamage was assessed by RT-PCR.The results suggest that KI addition to MB leads to KI concentration-dependent potentiation (up to ~ 5 log) of photoinactivation in bacteria and fungi. aPDT in the presence of 25 or 50 mM KI shows the following photoinactivation trend; Gm + ve bacteria > Gm - ve bacteria > fungi > virus. aPDT in the presence of 100 mM KI, using 3- or 5-min red light exposure, results in complete eradication of bacteria or fungi, respectively. For SARS-CoV-2, aPDT using MB-KI leads to a ~ 6.5 increase in cycle threshold value.The results demonstrate the photoinactivation effectiveness of the device and MB-KI formulation, which may be helpful in designing of an optimized protocol for future intranasal photoinactivation studies in clinical settings.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Methylene Blue; Potassium Iodide; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38353734
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03996-2 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2023Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and...
Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and response time is limited. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated predictive factors that influenced the treatment response and duration required to observe a response in dogs with PIMA receiving continuous immunosuppressive therapies for more than 105 days. Of 50 client-owned dogs that developed PIMA, 27 were included in this study, of which 18 were responders and 9 were non-responders to immunosuppressive therapies. Sixteen of the 18 responders responded to treatment within 60 days and the remaining 2 responded at 93 and 126 days, respectively. We found that an erythroid-maturation ratio of <0.17 may be a useful predictor for treatment response. In addition, complications of immunosuppressive therapies were investigated further in 50 dogs. Pancreatitis (n=4) and pneumonia (3) occurred over the entire treatment period, and infections such as abscesses (3) tended to be more common in dogs on an extended period of immunosuppressive therapy. These findings may be helpful when planning for the initial treatment and may provide evidence for informed consent about potential comorbidities throughout the treatment course.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Retrospective Studies; Potassium Iodide; Anemia; Immunosuppression Therapy; Dog Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 37245993
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0010