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Journal of Agromedicine Oct 2023The Risk Information System for Commercial Fishing (RISC Fishing) merged information on fishermen and vessel incident types from various databases. This descriptive...
OBJECTIVES
The Risk Information System for Commercial Fishing (RISC Fishing) merged information on fishermen and vessel incident types from various databases. This descriptive study examined linked fisherman injury records (fatal and nonfatal) and vessel incident records in Oregon and Washington from 2000 to 2018 in the RISC Fishing database. The circumstances of incidents and any association with fishermen outcomes were explored to identify injury prevention opportunities.
METHODS
The statistical analyses included a descriptive study of incidents related to the injury characteristics and frequency of outcomes by incident type. Further analyses included contingency tables and Pearson Chi-Square tests for selected variables to determine if there were associations between vessel incident outcomes (fatality, nonfatal injury, no injury).
RESULTS
A total of 375 reported incidents with 93 cases of fatalities, 239 nonfatal injuries, and over 6,575 fishermen with no injury were described. Of fatalities, 90% were due to drowning, with only 2% of victims reported donning survival equipment. Deckhands experienced fatal and nonfatal injuries most frequently. The most common factors associated with nonfatal injuries included contact with objects (event), walking on vessel and hauling gear (work activities), and fractures and open wounds (nature). The most common final event leading to a vessel disaster with no injury being reported was sinking (76%). Distributions between the incident outcomes (fatality, nonfatal injury, and no injury) differed by vessel activity/type, fishery/gear, and event leading to the incident.
CONCLUSION
Linked information of fishermen injury outcomes and vessel incident information showed that events and settings that involve fatalities are qualitatively different from incidents resulting in only nonfatal injuries or uninjured survivors. Vessel-level approaches for mitigating fatalities, such as ensuring vessel stability, improving navigation/operation decisions, and spotlighting survival equipment policies/rescue priorities could have a significant impact. Work task-specific prevention strategies for nonfatal injuries related to the larger vessels (catcher/processors and processors) and smaller vessels (with pot/trap gears) are paramount. The use of linked information provided in reports can provide a fuller incident picture to advance efforts to improve the working conditions of commercial fishermen.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Occupational; Hunting; Oregon; Washington; Fractures, Bone; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 37387508
DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2023.2229827 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2023Maintaining the sensory quality of animal-derived foods from paddock to plate is a big challenge due to their fatty acid profile and susceptibility to oxidative changes... (Review)
Review
Maintaining the sensory quality of animal-derived foods from paddock to plate is a big challenge due to their fatty acid profile and susceptibility to oxidative changes and microbial spoilage. Preventive measures are taken by manufacturers and retailers to offset the adverse effects of storage to present animal foods to consumers with their best sensory attributes. The use of edible packaging systems is one of the emerging strategies that has recently attracted the attention of researchers and food processors. However, a review that specifically covers the edible packaging systems focused on improving the sensory quality of animal-derived foods is missing in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this review is to discuss in detail various edible packaging systems currently available and their mechanisms for enhancing the sensory properties of animal-derived foods. The review includes the findings of recent papers published during the last 5 years and summarises the novel materials and bioactive agents.
Topics: Animals; Edible Films; Food Packaging; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37433253
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136809 -
Journal of Computational Biology : a... Sep 2023Spiking neural network (SNN) simulators play an important role in neural system modeling and brain function research. They can help scientists reproduce and explore...
Spiking neural network (SNN) simulators play an important role in neural system modeling and brain function research. They can help scientists reproduce and explore neuronal activities in brain regions, neuroscience, brain-like computing, and other fields and can also be applied to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other fields. At present, many simulators using central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU) have been developed. However, due to the randomness of connections between neurons and spiking events in SNN simulation, this causes a lot of memory access time. To alleviate this problem, we developed an SNN simulator SWsnn based on the new Sunway SW26010pro processor. The SW26010pro processor consists of six core groups, each with 16 MB of local data memory (LDM). LDM has the characteristics of high-speed read and write, which is suitable for performing simulation tasks similar to SNNs. Experimental results show that SWsnn runs faster than other mainstream GPU-based simulators when simulating a certain scale of neural network, showing a strong performance advantage. To conduct larger scale simulations, SWsnn designed a simulation computation based on a large shared model of Sunway processor and developed a multiprocessor version of SWsnn based on this mode, achieving larger scale SNN simulations.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Neural Networks, Computer; Computer Simulation; Neurons; Brain
PubMed: 37585615
DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2023.0098 -
Molecular Biotechnology Sep 2023The review article presents the recent progress in quantum computing and simulation within the field of biological sciences. The article is designed mainly into two... (Review)
Review
The review article presents the recent progress in quantum computing and simulation within the field of biological sciences. The article is designed mainly into two portions: quantum computing and quantum simulation. In the first part, significant aspects of quantum computing was illustrated, such as quantum hardware, quantum RAM and big data, modern quantum processors, qubit, superposition effect in quantum computation, quantum interference, quantum entanglement, and quantum logic gates. Simultaneously, in the second part, vital features of the quantum simulation was illustrated, such as the quantum simulator, algorithms used in quantum simulations, and the use of quantum simulation in biological science. Finally, the review provides exceptional views to future researchers about different aspects of quantum simulation in biological science.
PubMed: 37717248
DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00863-3 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Noise remains the major obstacle to scalable quantum computation. Quantum benchmarking provides key information on noise properties and is an important step for...
Noise remains the major obstacle to scalable quantum computation. Quantum benchmarking provides key information on noise properties and is an important step for developing more advanced quantum processors. However, current benchmarking methods are either limited to a specific subset of quantum gates or cannot directly describe the performance of the individual target gate. To overcome these limitations, we propose channel spectrum benchmarking (CSB), a method to infer the noise properties of the target gate, including process fidelity, stochastic fidelity, and some unitary parameters, from the eigenvalues of its noisy channel. Our CSB method is insensitive to state-preparation and measurement errors, and importantly, can benchmark universal gates and is scalable to many-qubit systems. Unlike standard randomized schemes, CSB can provide direct noise information for both target native gates and circuit fragments, allowing benchmarking and calibration of global entangling gates and frequently used modules in quantum algorithms like Trotterized Hamiltonian evolution operator in quantum simulation.
PubMed: 37735170
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41598-8 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Meat is a rich source of high biological proteins, vitamins, and minerals, but it is devoid of dietary fiber, an essential non-digestible carbohydrate component such as... (Review)
Review
Meat is a rich source of high biological proteins, vitamins, and minerals, but it is devoid of dietary fiber, an essential non-digestible carbohydrate component such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Dietary fibers are basically obtained from various cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and their by-products and have numerous nutritional, functional, and health-benefiting properties. So, these fibers can be added to meat products to enhance their physicochemical properties, chemical composition, textural properties, and organoleptic qualities, as well as biological activities in controlling various lifestyle ailments such as obesity, certain cancers, type-II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and bowel disorders. These dietary fibers can also be used in meat products as an efficient extender/binder/filler to reduce the cost of production by increasing the cooking yield as well as by reducing the lean meat content and also as a fat replacer to minimize unhealthy fat content in the developed meat products. So, growing interest has been observed among meat processors, researchers, and scientists in exploring various new sources of dietary fibers for developing dietary fiber-enriched meat products in recent years. In the present review, various novel sources of dietary fibers, their physiological effects, their use in meat products, and their impact on various physicochemical, functional, and sensory attributes have been focused.
PubMed: 38099188
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1275341 -
Chem May 2024Natural light-harvesting systems spatially organize densely packed dyes in different configurations to either transport excitons or convert them into charge...
Natural light-harvesting systems spatially organize densely packed dyes in different configurations to either transport excitons or convert them into charge photoproducts, with high efficiency. In contrast, artificial photosystems like organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes lack this fine structural control, limiting their efficiency. Thus, biomimetic multi-dye systems are needed to organize dyes with the sub-nanometer spatial control required to sculpt resulting photoproducts. Here, we synthesize 11 distinct perylene diimide (PDI) dimers integrated into DNA origami nanostructures and identify dimer architectures that offer discrete control over exciton transport versus charge separation. The large structural-space and site-tunability of origami uniquely provides controlled PDI dimer packing to form distinct excimer photoproducts, which are sensitive to interdye configurations. In the future, this platform enables large-scale programmed assembly of dyes mimicking natural systems to sculpt distinct photophysical products needed for a broad range of optoelectronic devices, including solar energy converters and quantum information processors.
PubMed: 38827435
DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.03.007 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Dec 2023The organ-intrinsic nervous system is a major interface between visceral organs and the brain, mediating important sensory and regulatory functions in the body-brain...
The organ-intrinsic nervous system is a major interface between visceral organs and the brain, mediating important sensory and regulatory functions in the body-brain axis and serving as critical local processors for organ homeostasis. Molecularly, anatomically, and functionally, organ-intrinsic neurons are highly specialized for their host organs. However, the underlying mechanism that drives this specialization is largely unknown. Here, we describe the differential strategies utilized to achieve organ-specific organization between the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) , a neuronal network essential for heart performance but poorly characterized. Integrating high-resolution whole-embryo imaging, single-cell genomics, spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics, we uncover that unlike the ENS which is highly mobile and colonizes the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the ICNS uses a rich set of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes that match with surrounding heart cells and an intermediate dedicated neuronal progenitor state to stabilize itself for a 'beads-on-the-necklace' organization on heart atria. While ICNS- and ENS-precursors are genetically similar, their differentiation paths are influenced by their host-organs, leading to distinct mature neuron types. Co-culturing ENS-precursors with heart cells shifts their identity towards the ICNS and induces the expression of heart-matching ECM genes. Our cross-organ study thus reveals fundamental principles for the maturation and specialization of organ-intrinsic neurons.
PubMed: 38168446
DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571306 -
The Plant Genome Dec 2023Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic... (Review)
Review
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important crop due to its valuable seed composition, versatile feed, food, and industrial end-uses, and consistent genetic gain. Successful genetic gain in soybean has led to widespread adaptation and increased value for producers, processors, and consumers. Specific focus on the nutritional quality of soybean seed composition for food and feed has further elucidated genetic knowledge and bolstered breeding progress. Seed components are historical and current targets for soybean breeders seeking to improve nutritional quality of soybean. This article reviews genetic and genomic foundations for improvement of nutritionally important traits, such as protein and amino acids, oil and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and specific food-grade considerations; discusses the application of advanced breeding technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 in creating seed composition variations; and provides future directions and breeding recommendations regarding soybean seed composition traits.
Topics: Glycine max; Plant Breeding; Phenotype; Genomics; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 38084377
DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20415 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023A cochlear implant (CI) is a neurotechnological device that restores total sensorineural hearing loss. It contains a sophisticated speech processor that analyzes and...
A cochlear implant (CI) is a neurotechnological device that restores total sensorineural hearing loss. It contains a sophisticated speech processor that analyzes and transforms the acoustic input. It distributes its time-enveloped spectral content to the auditory nerve as electrical pulsed stimulation trains of selected frequency channels on a multi-contact electrode that is surgically inserted in the cochlear duct. This remarkable brain interface enables the deaf to regain hearing and understand speech. However, tuning of the large (>50) number of parameters of the speech processor, so-called "device fitting," is a tedious and complex process, which is mainly carried out in the clinic through 'one-size-fits-all' procedures. Current fitting typically relies on limited and often subjective data that must be collected in limited time. Despite the success of the CI as a hearing-restoration device, variability in speech-recognition scores among users is still very large, and mostly unexplained. The major factors that underly this variability incorporate three levels: (i) variability in auditory-system of CI-users, (ii) variability in the of electrode-to-auditory nerve (EL-AN) activation, and (iii) lack of objective measures to optimize the fitting. We argue that variability in speech recognition can only be alleviated by using objective patient-specific data for an individualized fitting procedure, which incorporates knowledge from all three levels. In this paper, we propose a series of experiments, aimed at collecting a large amount of objective (i.e., quantitative, reproducible, and reliable) data that characterize the three processing levels of the user's auditory system. Machine-learning algorithms that process these data will eventually enable the clinician to derive reliable and personalized characteristics of the user's auditory system, the quality of EL-AN signal transfer, and predictions of the perceptual effects of changes in the current fitting.
PubMed: 37521701
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183126