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ACS Nano Oct 2023Recent advances in materials and semiconductor technologies have led to extensive research on optical integration in wearable, implantable, and swallowable health... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in materials and semiconductor technologies have led to extensive research on optical integration in wearable, implantable, and swallowable health devices. These optical systems utilize the properties of light─intensity, wavelength, polarization, and phase─to monitor and potentially intervene in various biological events. The potential of these devices is greatly enhanced through the use of multifunctional optical materials, adaptable integration processes, advanced optical sensing principles, and optimized artificial intelligence algorithms. This synergy creates many possibilities for clinical applications. This Perspective discusses key opportunities, challenges, and future directions, particularly with respect to sensing modalities, multifunctionality, and the integration of miniaturized optoelectronic devices. We present fundamental insights and illustrative examples of such devices in wearable, implantable, and swallowable forms. The constant pursuit of innovation and the dedicated approach to critical challenges are poised to influence diverse fields.
Topics: Wearable Electronic Devices; Artificial Intelligence; Prostheses and Implants; Delivery of Health Care; Optical Devices
PubMed: 37807286
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04284 -
Trends in Biotechnology May 20243D printing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the manufacture of heart valves through the ability to create bespoke, complex constructs. In light of... (Review)
Review
3D printing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the manufacture of heart valves through the ability to create bespoke, complex constructs. In light of recent technological advances, we review the progress made towards 3D printing of heart valves, focusing on studies that have utilised these technologies beyond manufacturing patient-specific moulds. We first overview the key requirements of a heart valve to assess functionality. We then present the 3D printing technologies used to engineer heart valves. By referencing International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) Standard 5840 (Cardiovascular implants - Cardiac valve prostheses), we provide insight into the achieved functionality of these valves. Overall, 3D printing promises to have a significant positive impact on the creation of artificial heart valves and potentially unlock full complex functionality.
Topics: Printing, Three-Dimensional; Humans; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valves; Prosthesis Design; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 38238246
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.001 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Frailty; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 37758993
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-3023-8 -
Neurosurgery Jan 2024Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical treatment for chronic neuropathic pain refractory to medical management. An SCS system comprised one or more leads implanted... (Review)
Review
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical treatment for chronic neuropathic pain refractory to medical management. An SCS system comprised one or more leads implanted in the epidural space, typically connected to an implantable pulse generator. This review discusses the history, indications, surgical technique, technological advances, and future directions of SCS.
Topics: Humans; Spinal Cord Stimulation; Neuralgia; Prostheses and Implants; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 37681953
DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002654 -
IEEE Pulse 2023In 2023, Brain implants got a big boost. Neuralink, Elon Musk's startup, began recruiting for its first clinical trial for paralysis patients; Precision Neuroscience...
In 2023, Brain implants got a big boost. Neuralink, Elon Musk's startup, began recruiting for its first clinical trial for paralysis patients; Precision Neuroscience received breakthrough designation from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), allowing it to fast-track its own trials. Meanwhile, scientific advances are revealing promising new applications for such devices, including more comprehensive restoration of speech, sight, hearing, and movement to people who have lost those abilities, as well as help for psychiatric conditions, such as eating disorders and depression.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Prostheses and Implants; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Device Approval; Clinical Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38386566
DOI: 10.1109/MPULS.2024.3353668 -
The Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 2024Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval nearly two decades ago, the indications for and utilization of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have expanded...
Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval nearly two decades ago, the indications for and utilization of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have expanded considerably. Stemless RSA designs have been used in Europe since 2005, but have only recently been introduced in domestic Investigational Device Exemption trials. Potential advantages of stemless RSA are similar to those of stemless anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, which may include fewer shaft-related complications, avoidance of stress shielding, bone preservation, and easier revision surgery. European data support similar outcomes between certain stemless RSA prostheses compared with that of stemmed RSA implants at early and mid-term follow-up. However, long-term outcomes remain to be seen and differences exist between the stemless RSA designs used in Europe and those being studied in domestic clinical trials. An understanding of the potential advantages and disadvantages of stemless RSA, differences between existing designs, and reported clinical outcomes is prudent for the safe and meaningful implementation of this new technology in the United States.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Shoulder Joint; Arthroplasty; Joint Prosthesis; Reoperation; Prosthesis Design; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37816186
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00075 -
Periodontology 2000 Oct 2023Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses can represent a significant clinical challenge due to limited bone availability... (Review)
Review
Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses can represent a significant clinical challenge due to limited bone availability and surgical access, among other factors. This review addresses several treatment options to replace missing teeth in posterior maxillary segments, namely the placement of standard implants in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation, short implants, tilted implants, and distal cantilever extensions. Pertinent technical information and a concise summary of relevant evidence on the reported outcomes of these different therapeutic approaches are presented, along with a set of clinical guidelines to facilitate decision-making processes and optimize the outcomes of therapy.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Sinus Floor Augmentation; Maxilla; Dental Prosthesis Design; Mouth, Edentulous; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Jaw, Edentulous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37486029
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12507 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023In this study, we aimed to evaluate the halitosis and pain threshold of the peri-implant soft tissues in individuals rehabilitated with implant-supported prostheses.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the halitosis and pain threshold of the peri-implant soft tissues in individuals rehabilitated with implant-supported prostheses. Forty-eight subjects were divided into four groups (n = 12) according to their prosthetic rehabilitation: single-tooth fixed prosthesis, multi-tooth fixed prosthesis, overdentures, and the Brånemark protocol. Halitosis was measured using a halimeter, whereas the pain threshold was measured using Von Frey monofilaments. Measurements were taken before (t0) and 30 days after (t1) placement of healing caps, and at the time of (t2) and 30 days after (t3) prosthetic placement. Halitosis data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze pain threshold data. We noted an association between halitosis and time for the Brånemark protocol [X2(6) = 18.471; p = 0.005] and overdenture groups [X2(6) = 17.732; p = 0.007], and between halitosis and type of prosthesis only at t0 [X2(6) = 12.894; p = 0.045]. The interaction between time and the type of prosthesis significantly interfered with the mean pain threshold values (p = 0.001). At most time points, the majority of participants in each group had clinically unacceptable halitosis. After 30 days of using the prostheses, the overdenture group had a lower pain threshold compared to the Brånemark protocol group.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Halitosis; Pain Threshold; Cohort Studies; Tooth; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported
PubMed: 38133082
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305527 -
Operative Orthopadie Und Traumatologie Feb 2024Early onset scoliosis is defined as a spinal deformity originating in the first 10 years of life. Growth-preserving spinal instrumentation has therefore been designed... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Early onset scoliosis is defined as a spinal deformity originating in the first 10 years of life. Growth-preserving spinal instrumentation has therefore been designed to preserve growth of spine and chest wall and lungs to avoid serious pulmonary complications after early spine fusion. Indications, surgical technique and results of the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) technique, traditional growing rods (TGR), and magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) will be described.
INDICATIONS
Indications for VEPTR are so-called mixed congenital deformities (type 3) associated with vertebral malformations in association with chest wall deformities, especially fused ribs. There are also indications for neuromuscular or syndromic early onset scoliosis with bilateral rib-to-ilium constructs. However, most of those deformities are currently treated with either GR or MCGR in most centers. GR and MCGR are currently the treatment of choice for the majority of early onset scoliosis.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
There is no indication for growth-preserving strategies if the patients are mature or there is only little growth remaining. In these cases, final fusion should be performed.
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
While the VEPTR technique involves an extensive approach with muscular dissections to the thoracic cage including rib osteotomies and thoracotomies, treatment with TGR or MCGR is minimally invasive, only exposing proximal and distal anchor points, leaving most of the spine including the apex undisturbed.
POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Early mobilization is usually possible after 24-48 h. Braces may have to be prescribed for patients with osteopenia, noncompliance, or a risk to fall.
RESULTS
Since 2005, more than 200 patients were treated with the VEPTR technique, more than 200 patients with the MCGR technique, and about 30 patients with the TGR technique in our department. Complication rates are high with all techniques including the law of diminishing returns, autofusion, bone anchor-related complications like loosening or migration of implants, failure to distract and proximal junctional kyphosis. In our own series of 13 patients below age 3 years, VEPTR proved to be effective for mixed deformities. In other studies, we were able to show that physiological growth with MCGR can be maintained for 2-3 years but spinal growth declines after that period with acceptable complications. Complication rates in most studies are lower with MCGR compared to TGR and VEPTR. Therefore, it is currently the treatment of choice for most early onset scoliosis patients.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Scoliosis; Treatment Outcome; Spine; Prostheses and Implants; Titanium; Osteotomy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37812237
DOI: 10.1007/s00064-023-00832-8 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Oct 2023Mesh positioning is a commonly discussed detail in ventral hernia repair and is often cited as a major contributor to the outcome of the operation. However, there is a... (Review)
Review
Mesh positioning is a commonly discussed detail in ventral hernia repair and is often cited as a major contributor to the outcome of the operation. However, there is a paucity of data that establishes one plane as superior to others. In this article, we will provide an overview of all potential planes to place prosthetic material and review the relevant literature supporting each option and the complications associated with accessing each anatomic plane.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Mesh; Herniorrhaphy; Prostheses and Implants; Hernia, Ventral
PubMed: 37709397
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.04.005