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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas,...
This work aimed to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in fish with a clinical picture suggestive of infectious disease in Nile tilapia reared in Chiapas, Mexico. Blood and viscera samples were taken from healthy and diseased animals from commercial farms. Clinical and pathological examinations of each individual were performed and samples were collected for bacteriological studies. The bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by culture, biochemical tests, antibiogram, challenge tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. and were isolated from various diseased organisms. The clinical picture caused by was characterized by appetite disorders, neurological signs, nodulation or ulceration in different areas and congestion or enlargement of internal organs. Providenciosis in juvenile specimens caused a characteristic picture of hemorrhagic septicemia. Challenge tests performed in healthy organisms revealed that both infections caused higher mortality rates in fish ( < 0.05) compared with non-infected specimens, with 100% survival. There was 100% mortality for animals infected with after three days post infection and 45% for those infected with . The isolation and identification of two pathogens involved in an infection process were achieved and cataloged as potential causal agents of disease outbreaks in tilapia farming in Mexico. This is the first report of possible bacterial infection caused by and in tilapia farms, which are two uncommon but potentially emerging pathogens for the species.
PubMed: 38067066
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233715 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024To solve the problem with pan-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative microbes, newly approved drugs such as ceftazidime/avibactam, cefiderocol,...
To solve the problem with pan-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative microbes, newly approved drugs such as ceftazidime/avibactam, cefiderocol, plazomicin, meropenem/vaborbactam, and eravacycline have been introduced in practice. The aim of the present study was to collect carbapenemase-producing clinical isolates, to characterize their carbapenemase genes and clonal relatedness, and to detect their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials and the above-mentioned newly approved antibiotics. Sixty-four carbapenemase producers were collected in a period of one year from four Bulgarian hospitals, mainly including (89% of the isolates) and also single , and isolates. The main genotype was (in 61%), followed by (23%), (7.8%) and (7.8%). Many isolates showed the presence of ESBL ( in 76.6%) and AmpC ( in 37.5% or in 7.8% of isolates). The most common MLST type was ST11 (57.8%), followed by ST340 (12.5%), ST258 (6.3%) and ST101 (6.3%). The isolates were highly resistant to standard-group antibiotics, except they were susceptible to tigecycline (83.1%), colistin (79.7%), fosfomycin (32.8%), and aminoglycosides (20.3-35.9%). Among the newly approved compounds, plazomicin (90.6%) and eravacycline (76.3%) showed the best activity. Susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam was 34.4% and 27.6%, respectively. For cefiderocol, a large discrepancy was observed between the percentages of susceptible isolates according to EUCAST susceptibility breakpoints (37.5%) and those of CLSI (71.8%), detected by the disk diffusion method. This study is the first report to show patterns of susceptibility to five newly approved antibiotics among molecularly characterized isolates in Bulgaria. The data may contribute to both the improvement of treatment of individual patients and the choice of infection control strategy and antibiotic policy.
PubMed: 38247640
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010081 -
The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour.Biological Reviews of the Cambridge... Jun 2024Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of... (Review)
Review
Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the cross-regulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity - obesity and lipodystrophy - and eating behaviour disorders.
Topics: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Leptin; Animals; Glucocorticoids; Feeding Behavior; Eating; Humans
PubMed: 38072002
DOI: 10.1111/brv.13039 -
Heliyon Nov 2023L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate...
L., which belongs to the genus and family Colchicaceae, is a climbing annual herb and tuberous poisonous tropical medicinal plant. This study was aimed to isolate possible endophytic bacteria from leaves, stems and tubers of . Thirty pure endophytic bacteria were isolated and subjected to biochemical characterization. Bacterial identification was conducted by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The structure of the isolated compound was characterized. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated. Majority (21, 70 %) of the isolates were Gram-positive. Certain of them are spore formers. Based on MALDI-TOF MS, 26 of the isolates were identified as spp. (65.4 %), spp. (30.8 %) and spp. (3.9 %). A 1-undecene was isolated from culture filtrate of . (GST-5). The ethyl acetate extracts (1000 μg/mL) of GSL-5 and GST-2 culture filtrates recorded maximum inhibition zone against (9.4 ± 0.6 mm) and ATCC 25923 (8.4 ± 0.8 mm), respectively. The ATCC 27853 was prone to all ethyl acetate extracts. A 1-undecene showed a moderate activity against ATCC 25922and ATCC 27853 at 50 μg/mL. The present finding would be a breakthrough to studies of similar works in Ethiopia since it may be for the first time.
PubMed: 38045151
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22104 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Aug 2023During the course of a retrospective survey on healthcare associated infections (HAIs) due to carbapenem-resistant organisms, an unusual prevalence of HAIs due to...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
During the course of a retrospective survey on healthcare associated infections (HAIs) due to carbapenem-resistant organisms, an unusual prevalence of HAIs due to carbapenem-resistant Providencia stuartii (CRPS) was found. Hence this study aimed to conduct the occurrence of P. stuartii associated HAIs with special reference to the drug resistance profiling of these isolates.
METHODS
Of the eight total HAI cases (7.5% of total HAIs and 33.3% of HAIs due to Enterobacterales) of CRPS infections included in this study, three were reported from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), three were surgical site infections (SSIs), one was a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and one was a bloodstream infection. All the eight CRPS isolates were tested for extended-spectrum β-lactamases production, AmpC hyperproduction as well as carbapenem resistance. Typing of the isolates was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR).
RESULTS
All the eight isolates of CRPS were found to be AmpC hyperproducers, carbapenemase producers, and harboured chromosomally located bla in seven isolates and bla genes in one. All the cases with CRPS infections had prior history of colistin therapy along with prolonged hospital stay (>20 days). The cases were located in five different wards/intensive care unit (ICU) within the hospital in one year. However, strain typing by REP-PCR revealed 100 per cent similarity and clonal relatedness in all the seven isolates carrying bla genes. Interestingly, routine hospital surveillance revealed a high carriage of P. stuartii in the axilla of patients admitted to the ICU.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
The study findings suggest CRPS as an important cause of HAIs. This organism often goes unnoticed due to the burden of carbapenem resistance in other Enterobacterales and non-fermenters.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Cross Infection; Hospitals; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37787258
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_3668_20 -
Maturitas Oct 2023We analyzed the mediating role of handgrip strength in the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
OBJECTIVE
We analyzed the mediating role of handgrip strength in the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
METHODS
We used prospective data from 14 European countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. 19,686 participants free of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (64.9 ± 8.7 years) were followed up for a mean of 10.2 years. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was self-reported, and handgrip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. Mild cognitive impairment was defined as 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the standardized global cognition score, while dementia was determined by physician diagnosis. Gender, age, country, education, presence of chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, limitations in activities of daily living, body mass index, and baseline cognitive levels were used as covariates. Cox proportional hazards as well as mediation models were used.
RESULTS
Moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 1 day per week was independently associated with lower incident mild cognitive impairment (HR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74-0.98). A 10 % increase in handgrip strength was associated a 6 % lower hazard for incident mild cognitive impairment (0.94; 0.92-0.97) and 5 % lower hazard for incident dementia (0.95; 0.93-0.98). Handgrip strength partly mediated the association of moderate to vigorous physical activity with mild cognitive impairment (Coefficient: 0.03; 95%CI: 0.01-0.05; 17.9 %).
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity is independently associated with a lower incidence of mild cognitive impairment.
Topics: Humans; Hand Strength; Prospective Studies; Activities of Daily Living; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise; Surveys and Questionnaires; Dementia
PubMed: 37354742
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107789 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Feb 2024Enterobacteriaceae species are part of the 2017 World Health Organization antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens list for development of novel medicines....
Enterobacteriaceae species are part of the 2017 World Health Organization antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens list for development of novel medicines. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing threat to public health and has become a relevant human pathogen involved in life-threatening infections. Phage therapy involves the use of phages or their lytic endolysins as bioagents for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane, making difficult the access of endolysins to the peptidoglycan. Here, three endolysins from prophages infecting three distinct Enterobacterales species, Kp2948-Lys from K. pneumoniae, Ps3418-Lys from Providencia stuartii, and Kaer26608-Lys from Klebsiella aerogenes, were purified and exhibited antibacterial activity against their specific bacterium species verified by zymogram assays. These three endolysins were successfully associated to liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) at a molar ratio (4:4:2), with an encapsulation efficiency ranging from 24 to 27%. Endolysins encapsulated in liposomes resulted in higher antibacterial activity compared to the respective endolysin in the free form, suggesting that the liposome-mediated delivery system enhances fusion with outer membrane and delivery of endolysins to the target peptidoglycan. Obtained results suggest that Kp2948-Lys appears to be specific for K. pneumoniae, while Ps3418-Lys and Kaer26608-Lys appear to have a broader antibacterial spectrum. Endolysins incorporated in liposomes constitute a promising weapon, applicable in the several dimensions (human, animals and environment) of the One Health approach, against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Prophages; Enterobacteriaceae; Liposomes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Peptidoglycan; Endopeptidases; Bacteria; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 38160991
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123758 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2024Providencia genus is known to harbor certain opportunistic pathogens capable of causing human infections. Here, we report two strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria...
Providencia genus is known to harbor certain opportunistic pathogens capable of causing human infections. Here, we report two strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria initially identified as Providencia rettgeri by mass spectrometry, but genome analysis revealed their ANI (79.84-84.20%) and dDDH (21.1-25.6%) values to fall below the accepted species threshold for known Providencia species. We therefore propose that these isolates be recognized as a novel species, Providencia xianensis sp. nov. Alarmingly, both strains, isolated from locations far apart, exhibited resistance to last-resort antibiotics, indicating their possible wide distribution, underscoring the urgency for immediate attention and enhanced surveillance for this emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen.
PubMed: 38714595
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04821-y -
Bulletin of Entomological Research Oct 2023The honey bee is associated with a diverse community of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists), commonly known as the microbiome. Here, we present data on...
The honey bee is associated with a diverse community of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists), commonly known as the microbiome. Here, we present data on honey bee microbiota from two localities having different surrounding landscapes - mountain (the Rhodope Mountains) and lowland (the Danube plain). The bacterial communities of abdomen of adult bees were studied using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The composition and dominance structure and their variability within and between localities, alpha and beta diversity, and core and differential taxa were compared at different hierarchical levels (operational taxonomic units to phylum). Seven genera (, , , , , , and ), known to include core gut-associated phylotypes or species clusters, dominated (92-100%) the bacterial assemblages. Significant variations were found in taxa distribution across both geographical regions and within each apiary. (Firmicutes) prevailed significantly in the mountain locality followed by and (Proteobacteria). Bacteria of four genera, core ( and ) and non-core ( and ), dominated the bee-associated assemblages of the Danube plain locality. Several ubiquitous bacterial genera (e.g., , , and ), some species known also as potential and opportunistic bee pathogens, had been found in the lowland locality. Beta diversity analyses confirmed the observed differences in the bacterial communities from both localities. The occurrence of non-core taxa contributes substantially to higher microbial richness and diversity in bees from the Danube plain locality. We assume that the observed differences in the microbiota of honey bees from both apiaries are due to a combination of factors specific for each region. The surrounding landscape features of both localities and related vegetation, anthropogenic impact and land use intensity, the beekeeping management practices, and bee health status might all contribute to observed differences in bee microbiota traits.
Topics: Animals; Bees; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 37545319
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485323000378 -
World Neurosurgery Jul 2023
PubMed: 37531703
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.011