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RSC Advances Feb 2024One such technology is hydrogen-based which utilizes hydrogen to generate energy without emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of such technology is the fact that... (Review)
Review
One such technology is hydrogen-based which utilizes hydrogen to generate energy without emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of such technology is the fact that the only by-product is water. Efficient storage is crucial for the practical application of hydrogen. There are several techniques to store hydrogen, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. In gaseous hydrogen storage, hydrogen gas is compressed and stored at high pressures, requiring robust and expensive pressure vessels. In liquid hydrogen storage, hydrogen is cooled to extremely low temperatures and stored as a liquid, which is energy-intensive. Researchers are exploring advanced materials for hydrogen storage, including metal hydrides, carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanomaterials. These materials aim to enhance storage capacity, kinetics, and safety. The hydrogen economy envisions hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, utilized in various sectors like transportation, industry, and power generation. It can contribute to decarbonizing sectors that are challenging to electrify directly. Hydrogen can play a role in a circular economy by facilitating energy storage, supporting intermittent renewable sources, and enabling the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals. The circular economy concept promotes the recycling and reuse of materials, aligning with sustainable development goals. Hydrogen availability depends on the method of production. While it is abundant in nature, obtaining it in a clean and sustainable manner is crucial. The efficiency of hydrogen production and utilization varies among methods, with electrolysis being a cleaner but less efficient process compared to other conventional methods. Chemisorption and physisorption methods aim to enhance storage capacity and control the release of hydrogen. There are various viable options that are being explored to solve these challenges, with one option being the use of a multilayer film of advanced metals. This work provides an overview of hydrogen economy as a green and sustainable energy system for the foreseeable future, hydrogen production methods, hydrogen storage systems and mechanisms including their advantages and disadvantages, and the promising storage system for the future. In summary, hydrogen holds great promise as a clean energy carrier, and ongoing research and technological advancements are addressing challenges related to production, storage, and utilization, bringing us closer to a sustainable hydrogen economy.
PubMed: 38405074
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08305e -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Oct 2023The rapid advancement of refined nanostructures and nanotechnologies offers significant potential to boost research activities in hydrogen storage. Recent innovations in... (Review)
Review
The rapid advancement of refined nanostructures and nanotechnologies offers significant potential to boost research activities in hydrogen storage. Recent innovations in hydrogen storage have centered on nanostructured materials, highlighting their effectiveness in molecular hydrogen storage, chemical storage, and as nanoconfined hydride supports. Emphasizing the importance of exploring ultra-high-surface-area nanoporous materials and metals, we advocate for their mechanical stability, rigidity, and high hydride loading capacities to enhance hydrogen storage efficiency. Despite the evident benefits of nanostructured materials in hydrogen storage, we also address the existing challenges and future research directions in this domain. Recent progress in creating intricate nanostructures has had a notable positive impact on the field of hydrogen storage, particularly in the realm of storing molecular hydrogen, where these nanostructured materials are primarily utilized.
PubMed: 37787825
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300593 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Sep 2023The objective was to review the effects of the drying and storage conditions of corn on the physical-chemical quality in the processing of starch and flour, in the... (Review)
Review
The objective was to review the effects of the drying and storage conditions of corn on the physical-chemical quality in the processing of starch and flour, in the production of animal feed, and in the industrialization of ethanol. Initially, the review presented an overview of the post-harvest stages of corn grains, highlighting drying and storage. The main drying and storage methods used for corn grains were presented. Among the drying conditions, the air temperature was the main factor that affected the properties of starch, flour, feed, and ethanol produced from corn. It was verified that the corn grains submitted to drying at temperatures below 60 °C obtained better results in the industry. In storage, in addition to the storage time, factors such as temperature and moisture content of the grains affected the physical-chemical quality of the processed products. In this stage, the moisture content below 14% and the storage temperature below 25 °C conserved the physical-chemical quality of the grains and obtained better processing results. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of the drying and storage conditions of corn on the properties of flour, starch, animal feed, and, mainly, ethanol production.
PubMed: 37424581
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05549-3 -
JCI Insight Aug 2023Gene therapy is under advanced clinical development for several lysosomal storage disorders. Pompe disease, a debilitating neuromuscular illness affecting infants,...
Gene therapy is under advanced clinical development for several lysosomal storage disorders. Pompe disease, a debilitating neuromuscular illness affecting infants, children, and adults with different severity, is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal glycogen-degrading enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Here, we demonstrated that adeno-associated virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) systemic gene transfer reversed glycogen storage in all key therapeutic targets - skeletal and cardiac muscles, the diaphragm, and the central nervous system - in both young and severely affected old Gaa-knockout mice. Furthermore, the therapy reversed secondary cellular abnormalities in skeletal muscle, such as those in autophagy and mTORC1/AMPK signaling. We used an AAV9 vector encoding a chimeric human GAA protein with enhanced uptake and secretion to facilitate efficient spread of the expressed protein among multiple target tissues. These results lay the groundwork for a future clinical development strategy in Pompe disease.
Topics: Child; Mice; Humans; Animals; alpha-Glucosidases; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II; Dependovirus; Genetic Vectors; Mice, Knockout; Glycogen
PubMed: 37463048
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170199 -
Biotechnology Advances Sep 2023Silicon is the gold standard for information storage systems. The exponential generation of digital information will exhaust the global supply of refined silicon.... (Review)
Review
Silicon is the gold standard for information storage systems. The exponential generation of digital information will exhaust the global supply of refined silicon. Therefore, investing in alternative information storage materials such as DNA has gained momentum. DNA as a memory material possesses several advantages over silicon-based data storage, including higher storage capacity, data retention, and lower operational energy. Routine DNA data storage approaches encode data into chemically synthesized nucleotide sequences. The scalability of DNA data storage depends on factors such as the cost and the generation of hazardous waste during DNA synthesis, latency of writing and reading, and limited rewriting capacity. Here, we review the current status of DNA data storage encoding, writing, storing, retrieving and reading, and discuss the technology's challenges and opportunities.
Topics: Silicon; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA; Information Storage and Retrieval; Base Sequence
PubMed: 37068530
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108155 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023To assess the prevalence of pancreatic steatosis and iron overload in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their correlation with liver histology severity and...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of pancreatic steatosis and iron overload in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their correlation with liver histology severity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
METHOD
A prospective, multicenter study including NAFLD patients with biopsy and paired Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed. Liver biopsies were evaluated according to NASH Clinical Research Network, hepatic iron storages were scored, and digital pathology quantified the tissue proportionate areas of fat and iron. MRI-biomarkers of fat fraction (PDFF) and iron accumulation (R2*) were obtained from the liver and pancreas. Different metabolic traits were evaluated, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was estimated with the atherosclerotic CVD score, and the severity of iron metabolism alteration was determined by grading metabolic hiperferritinemia (MHF). Associations between CVD, histology and MRI were investigated.
RESULTS
In total, 324 patients were included. MRI-determined pancreatic iron overload and moderate-to severe steatosis were present in 45% and 25%, respectively. Liver and pancreatic MRI-biomarkers showed a weak correlation (r=0.32 for PDFF, r=0.17 for R2*). Pancreatic PDFF increased with hepatic histologic steatosis grades and NASH diagnosis (<0.001). Prevalence of pancreatic steatosis and iron overload increased with the number of metabolic traits (<0.001). Liver R2* significantly correlated with MHF (AUC=0.77 [0.72-0.82]). MRI-determined pancreatic steatosis (OR=3.15 [1.63-6.09]), and iron overload (OR=2.39 [1.32-4.37]) were independently associated with high-risk CVD. Histologic diagnosis of NASH and advanced fibrosis were also associated with high-risk CVD.
CONCLUSION
Pancreatic steatosis and iron overload could be of utility in clinical decision-making and prognostication of NAFLD.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Pancreatic Diseases; Iron Overload; Iron; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 37600695
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1213441 -
Small Methods Sep 2023DNA is a promising material for high density and long-term archival data storage. In addition to algorithms for encoding digital information into DNA sequences, the DNA...
DNA is a promising material for high density and long-term archival data storage. In addition to algorithms for encoding digital information into DNA sequences, the DNA writing (chemical synthesis) and reading (DNA sequencing), the preservation of DNA mixtures with high sequence diversity is another critical issue for sustainable, long-term, and large-scale DNA data storage. Here, this work demonstrates a method for low-cost, convenient and sustainable DNA data storage on cellulose paper. A DNA pool comprising thousands of sequences, in which archival data are encoded, is conveniently stored on a cellulose paper with a calculated density as high as 15 TB per mm through electrostatic adsorption. This work demonstrates that these digitally encoded DNA pools can be stable for years on the cellulose paper after drying even when directly exposed to air. Furthermore, the reversible electrostatic adsorption enables repeated loading/retrieval of DNA on/off cellulose paper. Therefore, this sustainable DNA preservation on cellulose paper through the convenient electrostatic adsorption exhibits a great advantage in terms of storage capacity and cost that is crucial for practical systems to achieve large-scale and long-time data storage.
Topics: Cellulose; Information Storage and Retrieval; DNA; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Algorithms
PubMed: 37263984
DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201610 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Apr 2024The close-coupled selective catalytic reduction (cc-SCR) catalyst is an effective technology to reduce tailpipe NOx emission during cold start. This paper investigated...
The close-coupled selective catalytic reduction (cc-SCR) catalyst is an effective technology to reduce tailpipe NOx emission during cold start. This paper investigated the optimal ammonia storage under steady and transient state in the cc-SCR. The study showed that a trade-off between NOx conversion efficiency and ammonia slip is observed on the pareto solutions under steady state, and the optimal ammonia storage is calculated with ammonia slip less than 10 µL/L based on the China Ⅵ emission legislation. The rapid temperature increase will lead to severe ammonia slip in the transient test cycle. A simplified 0-D calculation method on ammonia slip under transient state is proposed based on kinetic model of ammonia adsorption and desorption. In addition, the effect of ammonia storage, catalyst temperature and temperature increasing rate on ammonia slip are analyzed. The optimal ammonia storage is calculated with maximum ammonia slip less than 100 µL/L according to the oxidation efficiency of ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) downstream cc-SCR. It was found that the optimal ammonia storage under transient state is much lower than that under steady state in cc-SCR at lower temperature, and a phase diagram is established to analyze the influence of temperature and temperature increasing rate on optimal ammonia storage.
Topics: Ammonia; Oxidation-Reduction; Temperature; Cold Temperature; Catalysis
PubMed: 38135413
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.029 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature (2 °C and 6 °C) and storage duration on the quality and attributes of hens' breast meat after their...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature (2 °C and 6 °C) and storage duration on the quality and attributes of hens' breast meat after their laying periods. The study included physicochemical characteristics (pH, drip loss, colour, shear force), microbiological quality (total Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas count), and sensory quality. Bacterial identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The increased meat pH and drip loss was greater at 6 than 2 °C ( < 0.05). An increase in the tenderness of the meat stored at 6 °C was found as early as day 4, as well as at 2 °C on day 8 of storage ( < 0.05). On day 4 of storage, the meat was characterised by a darker colour than on the first day, but the darkening was greater at 6 °C than at 2 °C ( < 0.05). At 6 °C, on day 4 of storage, there was an increase in yellow saturation (b*) of the meat, which was higher at 6 °C than at 2 °C ( < 0.05). At 2 °C, the total bacterial count and number of spp. in the meat gradually increased along with increasing storage duration, reaching 4.64 log cfu/g and 4.48 log cfu/g, respectively, on the 8th day of storage. At 6 °C, on the sixth day of storage, the total bacterial count in the meat exceeded 7 log cfu/g, considered the limit of microbiological safety. The meat stored at 2 °C had an acceptable sensory quality until the 8th day of storage. The study shows that storage at 2 °C preserves the sensory characteristics and microbiological safety of the hen meat longer at an acceptable level after the laying period. Extended storage life may be of importance to consumers and the meat industry.
PubMed: 38231850
DOI: 10.3390/foods12234340 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Nov 2023Temperature-mediated preservation techniques offer a simple, scalable, effective, and fairly efficient method of long-term storage of food products. In order to ensure... (Review)
Review
Temperature-mediated preservation techniques offer a simple, scalable, effective, and fairly efficient method of long-term storage of food products. In order to ensure the uninterrupted availability of cheese across the globe, a critical understanding of its techno-functional properties as affected by freezing and frozen storage is essential. Detailed studies of temperature-mediated molecular dynamics are available for relatively simpler and homogeneous systems like pure water, proteins, and carbohydrates. However, for heterogeneous systems like cheese, inter-component interactions at sub-zero temperatures have not been extensively covered. Ice crystallization during freezing causes dehydration of caseins and the formation of concentration gradients within the cheese matrix, causing undesirable changes in texture-functional attributes, but findings vary due to experimental conditions. A suitable combination of sample size, freezing rate, aging, and tempering can extend the shelf life of high- and low-moisture Mozzarella cheese. However, limited studies on other cheeses suggest that effects and suitability differ by cheese type, in most cases adversely affecting texture and functional attributes. This review presents an overview of the understanding of the effects of refrigeration, freezing techniques, and frozen storage on structural components of cheese, most prominently Mozzarella cheese, and the corresponding impact on microstructure and functionality. Also included are the mechanism of ice formation and relevant mathematical models for estimation of the thermophysical properties of cheese to assist in designing optimized schemes for their frozen storage. The review also highlights the lack of unanimity in critical understanding concerning the effect of freezing on the long-term storage of Mozzarella cheese with respect to its functionality.
PubMed: 37971852
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2277357