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Environmental Science & Technology Apr 2024Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is inevitable among pregnant women. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research...
Impact of Gestational Exposure to Individual and Combined Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on a Placental Structure and Efficiency: Findings from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort.
Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is inevitable among pregnant women. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research investigating the connections between prenatal PFAS exposure and the placental structure and efficiency. Based on 712 maternal-fetal dyads in the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort, we analyzed associations between individual and mixed PFAS exposure and placental measures. We repeatedly measured 12 PFAS in the maternal serum during pregnancy. Placental weight, scaling exponent, chorionic disc area, and disc eccentricity were used as the outcome variables. Upon adjusting for confounders and implementing corrections for multiple comparisons, we identified positive associations between branched perfluorohexane sulfonate (br-PFHxS) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) with placental weight. Additionally, a positive association was observed between br-PFHxS and the scaling exponent, where a higher scaling exponent signified reduced placental efficiency. Based on neonatal sex stratification, female infants were found to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of PFAS exposure. Mixed exposure modeling revealed that mixed PFAS exposure was positively associated with placental weight and scaling exponent, particularly during the second and third trimesters. Furthermore, br-PFHxS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA played major roles in the placental measures. This study provides the first epidemiological evidence of the relationship between prenatal PFAS exposure and placental measures.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Placenta; Birth Cohort; Alkanesulfonates; Fluorocarbons; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Environmental Pollutants
PubMed: 38525964
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09611 -
Environmental Toxicology and... Nov 2023Freshwater animals are exposed to anthropogenic contaminants and are biomonitors of water quality and models of the deleterious impacts of exposure. Sponges, such as...
Freshwater animals are exposed to anthropogenic contaminants and are biomonitors of water quality and models of the deleterious impacts of exposure. Sponges, such as Ephydatia muelleri, constantly pump water and are effective indicators of water-soluble contaminants. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), native to Southeast Asia, live in the water column and feed at the water-sediment interface and are exposed to both water-soluble and insoluble contaminants. While sponges and zebrafish diverged ∼700 million years ago, they share common genetic elements, and their response to contaminants can be predictive to a wide-range of animals. An emerging contaminant, bisphenol S, was tested to evaluate its toxicity during development. The toxicity and mechanism(s) of action of BPS is not well known. Water-borne exposures to BPS caused differing hatching rates, morphological changes, and shared gene expression changes of toxicologically-relevant genes. This study shows that BPS causes similarly adverse developmental impacts pointing to some overlapping mechanisms of action.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Phenols; Sulfones
PubMed: 37939749
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104311 -
Advances in Colloid and Interface... Jun 2024The preparation/application of heterogeneous (nano)materials from natural resources has currently become increasingly fascinating for researchers. Cellulose is the most... (Review)
Review
The preparation/application of heterogeneous (nano)materials from natural resources has currently become increasingly fascinating for researchers. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polysaccharide on earth. The unique physicochemical, structural, biological, and environmental properties of this natural biopolymer have led to its increased application in many fields. The more desirable features of cellulose-based (nano)materials such as biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, simplicity of preparation, environmentally friendly nature, and widespread range of applications have converted them into promising compounds in medicine, catalysis, biofuel cells, and water/wastewater treatment processes. Functionalized cellulose-based (nano)materials containing sulfonic acid groups may prove to be one of the most promising sustainable bio(nano)materials of modern times in the field of cellulose science and (nano)technology owing to their intrinsic features, high crystallinity, high specific surface area, abundance, reactivity, and recyclability. In this review, the developments in the application of sulfonated cellulose-based (nano)materials containing sulfonic acid (-SOH) groups in catalysis, water purification, biological/biomedical, environmental, and fuel cell applications have been reported. This review provides an overview of the methods used to chemically modify cellulose and/or cellulose derivatives in different forms, including nanocrystals, hydrogels, films/membranes, and (nano)composites/blends by introducing sulfonate groups on the cellulose backbone, focusing on diverse sulfonating agents utilized and substitution regioselectivity, and highlights their potential applications in different industries for the generation of alternative energies and products.
PubMed: 38718629
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103158 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Aug 2023Sulfonamides (SAs) are the first broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial agents used in human health and veterinary medicine. The majority of SAs entering human body is...
Sulfonamides (SAs) are the first broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial agents used in human health and veterinary medicine. The majority of SAs entering human body is discharged into aquatic environment in the form of parent material or metabolites. The residues of SAs and their metabolites in the aquatic environment and the development of drug resistance can be serious threats to ecosystems and human health. We summarized recent advances in the research of SAs. The main metabolite types of SAs and the distribution characteristics of metabolites in different aquatic environments were introduced. The ecotoxicology of SAs metabolites, especially the distribution and hazards of sulfonamide resistance genes (-ARGs), were discussed with emphasis. Finally, the future research works were proposed. This paper could provide basic information for further research on SAs.
Topics: Humans; Ecotoxicology; Ecosystem; Sulfanilamide; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 37681392
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.032 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Dec 2023The synthesis of hitherto unreported 3-sulfenylindole derivatives is achieved from 4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione (1) and indole (2) by employing an oxidative...
Synthesis of 3-sulfenylindole derivatives from 4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione and indole using oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction and anti-proliferative activity study of some of their sulfone derivatives.
The synthesis of hitherto unreported 3-sulfenylindole derivatives is achieved from 4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione (1) and indole (2) by employing an oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction using a combination of 10 mol% of molecular iodine and 1 equivalent of TBHP in DMSO at room temperature. Then, the 3-sulfenylindole derivatives 3a, 3b, 3d, 3f, 3 h, and 3 k were converted into their corresponding sulfone derivatives because of lead likeness properties. Subsequently, a target prediction and docking study of six sulfone derivatives (5a-f) was performed, and four sulfones, namely 5a, 5d, 5e, and 5f, were selected for further in-vitro studies. The four sulfones mentioned above exhibited prominent anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. In addition, this reaction was exergonic through quantum chemical analysis of the mechanistic steps. The salient features of this reaction are mild reaction conditions, good yields, and broad substrate scope.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Indoles; Molecular Structure; Oxidative Stress; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfones; Thiones; Benzopyrans
PubMed: 37813073
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106900 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Sep 2023Protein arylation has attracted much attention for developing new classes of bioconjugates with improved properties. Here, we have evaluated 2-sulfonylpyrimidines as...
Protein arylation has attracted much attention for developing new classes of bioconjugates with improved properties. Here, we have evaluated 2-sulfonylpyrimidines as covalent warheads for the mild, chemoselective, and metal free cysteine -arylation. 2-Sulfonylpyrimidines react rapidly with cysteine, resulting in stable -heteroarylated adducts at neutral pH. Fine tuning the heterocyclic core and exocyclic leaving group allowed predictable SAr reactivity , covering >9 orders of magnitude. Finally, we achieved fast chemo- and regiospecific arylation of a mutant p53 protein and confirmed arylation sites by protein X-ray crystallography. Hence, we report the first example of a protein site specifically -arylated with iodo-aromatic motifs. Overall, this study provides the most comprehensive structure-reactivity relationship to date on heteroaryl sulfones and highlights 2-sulfonylpyrimidine as a synthetically tractable and protein compatible covalent motif for targeting reactive cysteines, expanding the arsenal of tunable warheads for modern covalent ligand discovery.
Topics: Cysteine; Mutant Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Sulfones
PubMed: 37657082
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00322 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Jan 2024Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of Cystoisospora suis. This study investigated the...
Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of Cystoisospora suis. This study investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration-time profiles of TZR and its active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO ), after oral (per os, p.o.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration to suckling piglets. Following a single administration of TZR orally at 50 mg/piglet or intramuscularly at 45 mg/piglet, higher concentrations of TZR and TZR-SO were observed in all three investigated tissues after p.o. administration. The mean TZR concentration in serum peaked at 14 μg/mL (34.03 h) and 5.36 μg/mL (120 h), while TZR-SO peaked at 14.12 μg/mL (246 h) and 9.92 μg/mL (330 h) after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. TZR was undetectable in the liver after p.o. administration (18 days) and in the jejunum (24 days) after i.m. injection, while TZR-SO was still detectable in all three tissues after 36 days regardless of administration routes. This study showed that p.o. formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher serum/tissue TZR/TZR-SO concentrations than i.m. formulation. Both formulations generated sufficient therapeutic concentrations in the serum and jejunum, and sustained enough time to protect against Cystoisospora suis infection in the piglets.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Coccidiostats; Administration, Oral; Triazines; Sulfones; Injections, Intramuscular
PubMed: 37593974
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13405 -
Environmental Research Oct 2023Sulfonylurea herbicides have been widely used worldwide and play a significant role in modern agricultural production. However, these herbicides have adverse biological...
Sulfonylurea herbicides have been widely used worldwide and play a significant role in modern agricultural production. However, these herbicides have adverse biological effects that can damage the ecosystems and harm human health. As such, rapid and effective techniques that remove sulfonylurea residues from the environment are urgently required. Attempts have been made to remove sulfonylurea residues from environment using various techniques such as incineration, adsorption, photolysis, ozonation, and microbial degradation. Among them, biodegradation is regarded as a practical and environmentally responsible way to eliminate pesticide residues. Microbial strains such as Talaromyces flavus LZM1, Methylopila sp. SD-1, Ochrobactrum sp. ZWS16, Staphylococcus cohnii ZWS13, Enterobacter ludwigii sp. CE-1, Phlebia sp. 606, and Bacillus subtilis LXL-7 can almost completely degrade sulfonylureas. The degradation mechanism of the strains is such that sulfonylureas can be catalyzed by bridge hydrolysis to produce sulfonamides and heterocyclic compounds, which deactivate sulfonylureas. The molecular mechanisms associated with microbial degradation of sulfonylureas are relatively poorly studied, with hydrolase, oxidase, dehydrogenase and esterase currently known to play a pivotal role in the catabolic pathways of sulfonylureas. Till date, there are no reports specifically on the microbial degrading species and biochemical mechanisms of sulfonylureas. Hence, in this article, the degradation strains, metabolic pathways, and biochemical mechanisms of sulfonylurea biodegradation, along with its toxic effects on aquatic and terrestrial animals, are discussed in depth in order to provide new ideas for remediation of soil and sediments polluted by sulfonylurea herbicides.
Topics: Humans; Herbicides; Ecosystem; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Sulfonamides; Agriculture; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37423356
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116570 -
Organic Letters Jul 2023An efficient and metal-free approach for the synthesis of sulfilimines from sulfenamides with aryne and cyclohexyne precursors has been developed. The reaction proceeds...
An efficient and metal-free approach for the synthesis of sulfilimines from sulfenamides with aryne and cyclohexyne precursors has been developed. The reaction proceeds through unusual S-C bond formation, which offers a novel and practical entry to access a wide range of sulfilimines in moderate to good yields with excellent chemoselectivity. Moreover, this protocol is amenable to gram-scale synthesis and is applicable to the transformation of the products into useful sulfoximines.
Topics: Imines; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 37405909
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01918 -
Chemosphere Aug 2023This study investigated the indirect photodegradation of sulfadimidine (SM) and sulfapyridine (SP) in the presence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and...
This study investigated the indirect photodegradation of sulfadimidine (SM) and sulfapyridine (SP) in the presence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and studied the influences of main marine factors (salinity, pH, NO and HCO). Reactive intermediate (RI) trapping experiments demonstrated that triplet CDOM (CDOM*) played a major role in the photodegradation of SM with a 58% photolysis contribution, and the contributions to the photolysis of SP were 32%, 34% and 34% for CDOM*, hydroxyl radical (HO·) and singlet oxygen (O), respectively. Among the four CDOMs, JKHA, with the highest fluorescence efficiency, exhibited the fastest rate of SM and SP photolysis. The CDOMs were composed of one autochthonous humus (C1) and two allochthonous humus (C2 and C3). C3, with the strongest fluorescence intensity, had the strongest capacity to generate RIs and accounted for approximately 22%, 11%, 9% and 38% of the total fluorescence intensity of SRHA, SRFA, SRNOM and JKHA, respectively, indicating the predominance of CDOM fluorescent components in the indirect photodegradation of SM and SP. These results demonstrated the photolysis mechanism: The photosensitization of CDOM occurred after its fluorescence intensity decreased, and a large number of RIs (CDOM*, HO· and O, etc.) were generated by energy and electron transfer, then these RIs reacted with SM and SP to cause photolysis. The increase in salinity stimulated the photolysis of SM and SP consecutively. The photodegradation rate of SM first increased and then decreased with increasing pH, whereas the photolysis of SP was remarkably promoted by high pH but remained stable at low pH. NO and HCO had little effect on the indirect photodegradation of SM and SP. This research may contribute to a better understanding of the fate of SM and SP in the ocean and provide new insights into the transformation of other sulfonamides (SAs) in marine ecological environments.
Topics: Dissolved Organic Matter; Sulfapyridine; Sulfamethazine; Photolysis; Seawater; Soil; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37149098
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138821