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The Lancet. Gastroenterology &... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Disease Outbreaks; Emergencies
PubMed: 38340747
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00010-4 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Oct 2023Vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterium, causes serious wound infections and septicemia. Once it develops into early phase sepsis, hyperinflammatory immune...
Vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterium, causes serious wound infections and septicemia. Once it develops into early phase sepsis, hyperinflammatory immune responses result in poor prognosis in patients. The present study aimed to examine the possible underlying pathogenic mechanism and explore potential agents that could protect against V. vulnificus cytotoxicity. Here, we report that infection of mouse macrophages with V. vulnificus triggers antiphagocytic effects and pyroptotic inflammation via ATP-mediated purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling. V. vulnificus promoted P2X7-dependent nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 translocation, modulating the expression of the inflammasome sensor NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC), and pyroptotic protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) in mouse macrophages. V. vulnificus induced the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome signaling complex expression that drives GSDMD transmembrane pore formation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). This effect was blocked by P2X7R antagonists, indicating that the P2X7R mediates GSDMD-related pyroptotic inflammation in macrophages through the NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, blockade of P2X7R reduced V. vulnificus-colony-forming units in the spleen, immune cell infiltration into the skin and lung tissues, and serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18, and MIP-2 in mice. These results indicate that P2X7R plays a vital role in mediating phagocytosis by macrophages and pyroptotic inflammation during V. vulnificus infection and provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in bacterial infections.
PubMed: 37724600
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31114 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2023Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. These viruses were discovered a century ago and have been used as a model system in microbial... (Review)
Review
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. These viruses were discovered a century ago and have been used as a model system in microbial genetics and molecular biology. In order to survive, bacteria have to quickly adapt to phage challenges in their natural settings. In turn, phages continuously develop/evolve mechanisms for battling host defenses. A deeper understanding of the arms race between bacteria and phages is essential for the rational design of phage-based prophylaxis and therapies to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Vibrio species and their phages (vibriophages) are a suitable model to study these interactions. Phages are highly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and Vibrio are waterborne bacteria that must survive the constant attack by phages for successful transmission to their hosts. Here, we review relevant literature from the past two years to delve into the molecular interactions of Vibrio species and their phages in aquatic niches.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Vibrio
PubMed: 37062175
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102308 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023While emerging evidence highlights the significance of gut microbiome in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, treatments like Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and... (Review)
Review
While emerging evidence highlights the significance of gut microbiome in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, treatments like Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are gaining popularity, especially for diarrhea patients. However, the specific role of the gut microbiome in different gastrointestinal infectious diseases remains uncertain. There is no consensus on whether gut modulation therapy is universally effective for all such infections. In this comprehensive review, we examine recent developments of the gut microbiome's involvement in several gastrointestinal infectious diseases, including infection of , , , enteric viruses, serovar Typhimurium, , , and . We have also incorporated information about fungi and engineered bacteria in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, aiming for a more comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiome. This review will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiome while exploring the microbiome's potential in the prevention, diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Diarrhea; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 37958637
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115654 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Sudan; Disease Outbreaks; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38006888
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00699-0 -
The intersection between host-pathogen interactions and metabolism during Vibrio cholerae infection.Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2024Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), the etiological agent of cholera, uses cholera toxin (CT) to cause severe diarrheal disease. Cholera is still a significant cause of... (Review)
Review
Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), the etiological agent of cholera, uses cholera toxin (CT) to cause severe diarrheal disease. Cholera is still a significant cause of mortality worldwide with about half of all cholera cases and deaths occurring in children under five. Owing to the lack of cost-effective vaccination and poor vaccine efficacy in children, there is a need for alternative preventative and therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in our knowledge of the interplay between CT-induced disease and host-pathogen metabolism have opened the door for investigating how modulation of intestinal metabolism by V. cholerae during disease impacts host intestinal immunity, the gut microbiota, and pathogen-phage interactions. In this review article, we examine recent progress in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions during V. cholerae infection and discuss future work deciphering how modulation of gut metabolism during cholera intersects these processes to enable successful fecal-oral transmission of the pathogen.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cholera; Vibrio cholerae; Cholera Toxin; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 38215547
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102421