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Fish & Shellfish Immunology Nov 2023In this study, a strain (recorded as Y6) was isolated from the biofloc pool, its DNA was extracted for 16S rDNA sequencing and compared in the NCBI database, and it was...
In this study, a strain (recorded as Y6) was isolated from the biofloc pool, its DNA was extracted for 16S rDNA sequencing and compared in the NCBI database, and it was identified as Vibrio fortis. The V. fortis was activated, cultured, and artificially injected into Penaeus monodon to observe the symptoms and calculate the semi-lethal concentration (LC). It was found that the symptoms of the red leg, an empty stomach, and enlarged hepatopancreas of P. monodon after infection with V. fortis. The LC was 4.00 × 10, 2.24 × 10, 1.82 × 10, 1.41 × 10, 7.52 × 10 and 3.31 × 10 CFU/mL at 16, 24, 32, 48, 128, and 144 hpi, respectively. The K-B disk method was used to detect the sensitivity of V. fortis to various antibiotic drugs. V. fortis resisted Ampicillin, Piperacillin, Cefazolin, Cephalothin and Cefoxitin. Highly sensitive to Polymyxin B, Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Cefoperazone and Streptomycin. To explore the molecular response mechanism of V. fortis infection in P. monodon, the hepatopancreas of P. monodon infected with V. fortis at 24 and 48 hpi by transcriptome sequencing, and a total of 347 DEGs were obtained (214 up-regulated DEGs and 133 down-regulated DEGs). In the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, significant changes were found in genes and signaling pathways related to immune system and substance metabolism, including NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, Toll and Imd signaling pathways, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways and pyruvate metabolism. This study initially revealed the immune response of P. monodon to V. fortis infection from the molecular level and provided a reference for further understanding of the study and control of the vibriosis of shrimp.
Topics: Animals; Transcriptome; Penaeidae; Virulence; Vibrio
PubMed: 37751788
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109097 -
Nature Microbiology Oct 2023Since 2016, Yemen has been experiencing the largest cholera outbreak in modern history. Multidrug resistance (MDR) emerged among Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera...
Since 2016, Yemen has been experiencing the largest cholera outbreak in modern history. Multidrug resistance (MDR) emerged among Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera patients in 2018. Here, to characterize circulating genotypes, we analysed 260 isolates sampled in Yemen between 2018 and 2019. Eighty-four percent of V. cholerae isolates were serogroup O1 belonging to the seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage, sub-lineage T13, whereas 16% were non-toxigenic, from divergent non-7PET lineages. Treatment of severe cholera with macrolides between 2016 and 2019 coincided with the emergence and dominance of T13 subclones carrying an incompatibility type C (IncC) plasmid harbouring an MDR pseudo-compound transposon. MDR plasmid detection also in endemic non-7PET V. cholerae lineages suggested genetic exchange with 7PET epidemic strains. Stable co-occurrence of the IncC plasmid with the SXT family of integrative and conjugative element in the 7PET background has major implications for cholera control, highlighting the importance of genomic epidemiological surveillance to limit MDR spread.
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Vibrio cholerae O1; Yemen; Plasmids; Genomics
PubMed: 37770747
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01472-1 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Mar 2024is a cholera-causing pathogen known to instigate severe contagious diarrhea that affects millions globally. Survival of vibrios depend on a combination of multicellular... (Review)
Review
is a cholera-causing pathogen known to instigate severe contagious diarrhea that affects millions globally. Survival of vibrios depend on a combination of multicellular responses and adapt to changes that prevail in the environment. This process is achieved through a strong communication at the cellular level, the process has been recognized as quorum sensing (QS). The severity of infection is highly dependent on the QS of vibrios in the gut milieu. The quorum may exist in a low/high cell density (LCD/HCD) state to exert a positive or negative response to control the regulatory pathogenic networks. The impact of this regulation reflects on the transition of pathogenic from the environment to infect humans and cause outbreaks or epidemics of cholera. In this context, the review portrays various regulatory processes and associated virulent pathways, which maneuver and control LCD and HCD states for their survival in the host. Although several treatment options are existing, promotion of therapeutics by exploiting the virulence network may potentiate ineffective antibiotics to manage cholera. In addition, this approach is also useful in resource-limited settings, where the accessibility to antibiotics or conventional therapeutic options is limited.
PubMed: 38441045
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2320823 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Dec 2023Survival of pearl oysters is not only challenged by coastal pollution, but also pathogen infection that may eventually incur substantial economic losses in the pearl...
Survival of pearl oysters is not only challenged by coastal pollution, but also pathogen infection that may eventually incur substantial economic losses in the pearl farming industry. Yet, whether pearl oysters can defend themselves against pathogen infection through molecular mechanisms remains largely unexplored. By using iTRAQ proteomic and metabolomic analyses, we analysed the proteins and metabolites in the serum of pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata martensii) when stimulated by pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Proteomic results found that a total of 2,242 proteins were identified in the experimental (i.e., Vibrio-stimulated) and control groups, where 166 of them were differentially expressed (120 upregulated and 46 downregulated in the experimental group). Regarding the immune response enrichment results, the pathway of signal transduction was significantly enriched, such as cytoskeleton and calcium signalling pathways. Proteins, including cathepsin L, heat shock protein 20, myosin and astacin-like protein, also contributed to the immune response of oysters. Pathogen stimulation also altered the metabolite profile of oysters, where 49 metabolites associated with metabolism of energy, fatty acids and amino acids were found. Integrated analysis suggests that the oysters could respond to pathogen infection by coordinating multiple cellular processes. Thus, the proteins and metabolites identified herein not only represent valuable genetic resources for developing molecular biomarkers and genetic breeding research, but also open new avenues for studies on the molecular defence mechanisms of pearl oysters to pathogen infection.
Topics: Animals; Pinctada; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Proteomics; Metabolomics; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37931889
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109204 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2023Improvements in water and sanitation should reduce cholera risk though the associations between cholera and specific water and sanitation access measures remain unclear....
Improvements in water and sanitation should reduce cholera risk though the associations between cholera and specific water and sanitation access measures remain unclear. We estimated the association between eight water and sanitation measures and annual cholera incidence access across sub-Saharan Africa (2010-2016) for data aggregated at the country and district levels. We fit random forest regression and classification models to understand how well these measures combined might be able to predict cholera incidence rates and identify high cholera incidence areas. Across spatial scales, piped or "other improved" water access was inversely associated with cholera incidence. Access to piped water, septic or sewer sanitation, and septic, sewer, or "other improved" sanitation were associated with decreased district-level cholera incidence. The classification model had moderate performance in identifying high cholera incidence areas (cross-validated-AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.83) with high negative predictive values (93-100%) indicating the utility of water and sanitation measures for screening out areas that are unlikely to be at high cholera risk. While comprehensive cholera risk assessments must incorporate other data sources (e.g., historical incidence), our results suggest that water and sanitation measures could alone be useful in narrowing the geographic focus for detailed risk assessments.
Topics: Humans; Water; Sanitation; Cholera; Water Supply; Africa South of the Sahara
PubMed: 37409942
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01317 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023is an emergent pathogen that causes human infections which may be fatal. However, the phylogenetic characteristics and pathogenicity determinants of are poorly...
is an emergent pathogen that causes human infections which may be fatal. However, the phylogenetic characteristics and pathogenicity determinants of are poorly understood. Here, the whole-genome features of 103 strains isolated from different sources are described. On phylogenetic analysis populations could be divided into two major lineages, defined as lineage 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), of which L1 was more likely to be associated with human activity. Meanwhile, we defined 29 O-genotypes (VMOg, named VMOg1-VMOg29) by analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs). Most VMOgs (VMOg1 to VMOg28) were assembled by the Wzx/Wzy pathway, while only VMOg29 used the ABC transporter pathway. Based on the sequence variation of the and genes, an O-genotyping system for was developed. Furthermore, nineteen virulence-associated factors involving 161 genes were identified within the genomes, including genes encoding motility, adherence, toxins, and secretion systems. In particular, was found to promote a high level of cytotoxicity through the synergistic action of the lateral flagella and T6SS. The lateral flagellar-associated gene played an important role in the adhesion and colonization of during the early stages of infection. Overall, this study provides an enhanced understanding of the genomic evolution, O-AGCs diversity, and potential pathogenic features of .
Topics: Humans; O Antigens; Phylogeny; Virulence; Vibrio; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37616379
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2252522 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2023Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease,...
Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease, it is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea and causes ulcers on the skin of the fish it infects. In addition, the skin is a route of entry and colonization of this pathogen. In this study, one group of fish was injected intraperitoneally with phosphate buffered saline (control group) and another with V. harveyi (infected group). At 4 h after injection, samples of skin mucus, blood, skin, head kidney, liver, and spleen were collected to study the immune response generated. Liver histology showed notable alterations in hepatocyte morphology, such as increased vacuolization. Bactericidal activity was measured in skin mucus and serum against V. harveyi and V. anguillarum, different changes in this activity were recorded depending on the bacteria target and sample (skin mucus or serum) used. Gene expression of genes encoding hepcidins and piscidins (antimicrobial peptides) was performed in the mentioned organs. The results indicated a different expression according to the type of AMP and the tissue studied. Hepcidin appeared involved in all tissues studied while piscidins were in the spleen. In this study we have integrated hepcidin-piscidin modulation with the effects of infection on skin mucosa, serum and hepatocyte morphology. Knowing the changes produced in all these parameters improves the understanding of the infection in the first hours in sea bream and could have applications in the diagnosis or treatment of vibriosis in fish farms.
Topics: Animals; Sea Bream; Hepcidins; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37353061
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108899 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2023Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species among humans have increased globally. This reemergence is attributed to environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. Africa is most vulnerable to waterborne infections caused by these pathogens because of lack of good water stewardship and management. This study was carried out to provide an in-depth inquiry into the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio species in water sources and wastewater across Africa. In this regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer Search and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search yielded 70 articles on pathogenic Vibrio species presence in African aquatic environments that fit our inclusion criteria. Based on the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in various water sources in Africa was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 27.7-48.0). Eighteen countries were represented by the systematically assessed studies and their nationwide prevalence in descending order was: Nigeria (79.82 %), Egypt (47.5 %), Tanzania (45.8 %), Morocco (44.8), South Africa (40.6 %), Uganda (32.1 %), Cameroon (24.5 %), Burkina Faso (18.9 %) and Ghana (5.9 %). Furthermore, 8 pathogenic Vibrio species were identified across water bodies in Africa with the highest detection for V. cholerae (59.5 %), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (10.4 %), V.alginolyticus (9.8 %), V. vulnificus (8.5 %), V. fluvialis (6.6 %), V. mimicus (4.6 %), V. harveyi (0.5 %) and V. metschnikovii (0.1 %). Evidently, pathogenic Vibrio species occurrence in these water sources especially freshwater corroborates the continuous outbreaks observed in Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proactive measures and continuous monitoring of water sources used for various purposes across Africa and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into water bodies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Wastewater; Water; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Burkina Faso
PubMed: 37028683
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163332 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Lebanon; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38279878
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.111 -
Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Emergency Service, Hospital
PubMed: 37482384
DOI: No ID Found