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Nutrients Jun 2023The United States (US) School Breakfast Program provides Breakfast After The Bell (BATB) to alleviate hunger, provide nutrition, and ensure students have a healthy start... (Review)
Review
Alternative School Breakfast Service Models and Associations with Breakfast Participation, Diet Quality, Body Mass Index, Attendance, Behavior, and Academic Performance: A Systematic Review.
The United States (US) School Breakfast Program provides Breakfast After The Bell (BATB) to alleviate hunger, provide nutrition, and ensure students have a healthy start to the day. This study aims to review the evidence regarding the impact of BATB on students' diet and academic outcomes, including participation, diet quality and consumption, body mass index (BMI) and weight status, attendance, classroom behavior, and academic performance. The articles were extracted from three electronic databases and published since the start of the literature through December 2022. Studies were peer-reviewed; quantitative research articles or government reports; and conducted in public or private elementary, middle, and high schools. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-seven studies were included in this review. This review found BATB increased school breakfast participation, improved diet quality, and improved classroom behavior particularly among students from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds and students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. The impact of BATB on BMI and weight status, academic achievement and attendance was mixed. This review is particularly timely given free school meals and updated school nutrition standards are being prioritized over the next decade in the US. Thus, it is important to evaluate the nutritional and educational outcomes of BATB. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021289719).
Topics: Humans; United States; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Ethnicity; Minority Groups; Diet; Food Services
PubMed: 37447277
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132951 -
PloS One 2024Effective nutrition management is fundamental in the comprehensive treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Various strategies have been explored in this regard,...
BACKGROUND
Effective nutrition management is fundamental in the comprehensive treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Various strategies have been explored in this regard, demonstrating their potential usefulness in improving clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of meals frequency on the well-being of these patients.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched until July 10th, 2023. We included studies from the last 10 years in people with type 2 diabetes that had an intervention regarding their meal frequency. The risk of bias was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool according to the type of study. Of 77 retrieval articles, 13 studies matched our inclusion criteria. The primary focus of each study was to evaluate glycemic control as the major outcome. Studies suggest that meal frequency, time-restricted feeding, breakfast skipping, bedtime snacking, and chrononutrition practices all play roles in type 2 diabetes management and risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Restricting feeding to 2 to 3 meals per day and practicing time restricted feeding with less than 10 hours of daily food intake promotes weight loss and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aligning food consumption with the body's natural rhythm is beneficial, whereas skipping breakfast disrupts this rhythm. Snacking after evening or waiting 3-4 hours after meal helps control glucose levels, but consuming pre-bedtime snacks do not provide the same benefits.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023431785.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Meals; Snacks; Breakfast; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38421977
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298531