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Frontiers in Neurology 2023Migraine is a central nervous system disorder involving neuronal and vascular factors. The brain has a close anatomical relationship with retinal vessels and similar... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Migraine is a central nervous system disorder involving neuronal and vascular factors. The brain has a close anatomical relationship with retinal vessels and similar regulatory processes, and the retinal vascular system is the only vessel that can be directly visualized, while optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an advanced retinal vascular imaging technique. In this study, OCTA was used to study the retinal vascular density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in migraine patients, which provided a theoretical basis for its use as a candidate for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of migraine.
METHODS
Published studies comparing retinal microvascular profiles between migraine patients and healthy controls were obtained by a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Nine studies were finally included, including 775 eyes (migraine group: 444 eyes, control group: 331 eyes). Pooled effect sizes were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.30).
RESULTS
The combined results revealed that the superficial and deep macular whole enface VD (MWEVD) (superficial VD: SMD = -0.30, = 0.0001; deep VD: SMD = -0.61, = 0.02), superficial foveal VD (FVD) (SMD = -0.42, = 0.03), deep parafoveal VD (PFVD) (SMD = -0.31, = 0.002), and peripapillary VD (PVD) (SMD = -0.49, = 0.002) were significantly reduced in migraine patients compared with healthy people. However, there was a significant increase in the area of the FAZ in migraine patients (SMD = 0.56, < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Migraine patients are prone to retinal microcirculation disorders, such as decreased blood vessel density and increased avascular area in the fovea. This provides a theoretical basis for OCTA as a candidate for rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of migraine.
PubMed: 37780703
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1187559 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2024Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to malnutrition and sarcopenia as a result of nutritional deficiencies and increased energy metabolism. However, the effects of nutrient supplements (NS) on treating sarcopenia in patients with COPD are not well established from systematic evidence. This meta-analysis examined the effect of NS on sarcopenia in patients with COPD. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted, and 29 randomized controlled trials involving 1625 participants (age, mean [SD] = 67.9 [7.8] years) were analyzed. NS demonstrated significant improvements in body weight (MD,1.33 kg; 95% CI, 0.60, 2.05 kg; P = 0.0003; I = 87%), fat-free mass index (MD, 0.74 kg/m; 95% CI, 0.21, 1.27 kg/m; P = 0.007; I = 75%), and 6-min walk test (MD, 19.43 m; 95% CI, 4.91, 33.94 m; P = 0.009; I = 81%) compared with control. However, NS had nonsignificant effects on handgrip strength (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, - 0.15, 0.88; P = 0.16; I = 87%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD, 0.11; 95% CI, - 0.06, 0.27; P = 0.20; I = 25%) compared with the control. In conclusion, NS may be an effective treatment for improving body composition and physical performance in COPD. Future studies should explore the effects of intervention durations, specific NS types, or combined training in patients with COPD and sarcopenia.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Hand Strength; Quality of Life; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38483650
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02722-w -
International Dental Journal Feb 2024Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque... (Review)
Review
Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque is important to evaluate the denture hygiene of denture wearers, particularly to prevent plaque biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to review and summarize the visual denture hygiene assessment methods using denture plaque indices and with planimetries published in the literature. English language studies published up to March 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, followed by a manual search of Google Scholar by two assessors. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) whenever possible. Details of the visual assessment methods, including the types of denture assessed, its materials and its surfaces, as well as the use of a disclosing agent, were the main outcomes. Of 492 screened studies, 74 were included per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 60 studies utilized various denture plaque indices while 18 used planimetries. 43 out of 60 studies with indices and 17 out of 18 studies with planimetries used disclosing agents for visual evaluation of plaque. A total of 21 indices were described in the included studies, of which seven graded a divided denture surface, while the remainder graded entire denture surface. Of the 18 planimetric assessments, one study quantified squares of the disclosed plaques on denture images, 16 studies quantified such pixels with computer programs, and a single study quantified points, pixels, and contour of plaque areas. In summary, denture plaque indices appear to be popular in denture plaque assessment due to their simplicity. Computerized planimetric assessment, though more time-consuming, provides a more accurate assessment of plaque load as it is less prone to subjectivity and assessor errors.
Topics: Humans; Oral Hygiene; Dental Plaque; Biofilms; Dental Plaque Index; Dentures
PubMed: 37479594
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.010 -
Endocrine Nov 2023The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing each year and has become one of the most prominent health concerns worldwide. Patients with T2DM are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing each year and has become one of the most prominent health concerns worldwide. Patients with T2DM are prone to infectious diseases, and urinary tract infections are also widespread. Despite a comprehensive understanding of urinary tract infection (UTI), there is a lack of research regarding primary prevention strategies for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the incidence and risk factors of asymptomatic urinary tract infection in patients with T2DM by meta-analysis to provide evidence for preventing UTI. Help patients, their families, and caregivers to identify the risk factors of patients in time and intervene to reduce the incidence of ASB in patients with T2DM. Fill in the gaps in existing research.
STUDY DESIGN
Meta-analyses were conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines.
METHODS
Eleven databases were systematically searched for articles about ASB in T2DM, and the retrieval time was selected from the establishment of the database to February 5, 2023. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and meta-analysis were independently performed by two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0.
RESULTS
Fourteen articles were included, including cohort and case-control studies. A meta-analysis of 4044 patients with T2DM was included. The incidence of ASB in patients with T2DM was 23.7%(95% CI (0.183, 0.291); P < 0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, the following risk factors were associated with ASB in patients with T2DM: age (WMD = 3.18, 95% CI (1.91, 4.45), I = 75.5%, P < 0.001), female sex (OR = 1.07, 95% CI(1.02, 1.12), I = 79.3%, P = 0.002), duration of type 2 diabetes (WMD = 2.54, 95% CI (1.53, 5.43), I = 80.7%, P < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD = 0.63, 95% CI (0.43, 0.84), I = 62.6,%. P < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.59, 95% CI (1.24, 2.04), I = 0%, <0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.27, 2.18), I = 0%, P < 0.001), Neuropathy (OR = 1.81, 95% CI (1.38, 2.37), I = 0%, P < 0.001), proteinuria (OR = 3.00, 95% CI (1.82, 4.95), I = 62.7%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The overall prevalence of ASB in T2DM is 23.7%. Age, female sex, course of T2DM, HbA1C, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, and proteinuria were identified as related risk factors for ASB in T2DM. These findings can provide a robust theoretical basis for preventing and managing ASB in T2DM.
Topics: Humans; Female; Bacteriuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Incidence; Glycated Hemoglobin; Risk Factors; Urinary Tract Infections; Proteinuria; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension
PubMed: 37599328
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03469-6 -
Global Heart 2023Socioeconomic factors such as poor health and poor nutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may favour inflammatory reactions, thus contributing to the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Socioeconomic factors such as poor health and poor nutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may favour inflammatory reactions, thus contributing to the recurrence of rheumatic fever (RF) and thereby modifying trends in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Apart from epidemiological studies, studies of HIV infections in RHD patients are limited. This systematic review synthesises data on the prevalence and impact of HIV infections or AIDS on RHD from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases up to April 2021. The outcomes were managed using PRISMA guidelines. Of a total of 15 studies found, 10 were eligible for meta-analyses. Meta-analysis found that 17% (95 % CI 8-33, I = 91%) of adults in cardiovascular disease (CVD) cohorts in Southern Africa are HIV positive. The proportion of RHD diagnosed among people living with HIV was 4% (95% CI 2-8, I = 79%) for adults but lower [2% (95% CI 1-4, I = 87%)] among perinatally infected children. Despite limited reporting, HIV-infected patients with RHD are prone to other infections that may enhance cardiac complications due to poor immunological control. CRD42021237046.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Prevalence; HIV Infections; Rheumatic Fever; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37720311
DOI: 10.5334/gh.1265 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Patients affected by COVID-19 are prone to facing disorders in multiple systems and organs, which can lead to deleterious diseases; in addition, people with pre-existing... (Review)
Review
Patients affected by COVID-19 are prone to facing disorders in multiple systems and organs, which can lead to deleterious diseases; in addition, people with pre-existing diseases may be more prone to the worst outcomes, and the most vulnerable are patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity and/or physical exercise prescribed to individuals with diabetes on the maintenance of plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were found by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, SportDiscus, Bireme/BVS and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed only patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) who had evaluated the level of physical activity or physical exercise and described the effects on plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin in cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational studies, meeting the main criteria established by GRADE. The PICO and GRADE strategies were used to select and assess the methodological quality of studies. Two reviewers searched and selected the articles in databases independently and blindly, during which oppositions and disagreements about the inclusion of articles were discussed and resolved by a third reviewer. Evidence corroborates that levels of physical activity were reduced due to the lockdown, leading to increased body weight and worse glycemic control. On the other hand, individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1D and T2D) who maintained and/or increased levels of physical activity or physical exercise showed reduced plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Adequate levels of physical exercise and physical activity are beneficial for glucose and HbA1c control in diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2). In addition, maintaining adequate levels of physical activity can contribute to reducing health problems when these patients are infected with COVID-19.
PubMed: 37888519
DOI: 10.3390/sports11100192 -
Asian Journal of Urology Apr 2024This study aimed to explore the global, prevalence, and risk factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) by conducting a systematic review and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the global, prevalence, and risk factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
The high-sensitivity searching was conducted without time limitation until December 30, 2020 in Web of Sciences, Scopus, and PubMed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of fever and sepsis among patient undergoing PCNL were estimated 9.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.3%-9.7%), and 4.5% (95% CI: 4.2%-4.8%), respectively. Nephrostomy tube was used in 9.96% (95% CI: 9.94%-9.97%) of patients. The mean preoperative white blood cells of patients were 6.401×10/L; 18.3% and 4.55% of patients were considered as the positive urinary culture and pyuria, respectively. About 20.4% of patients suffered from residual stones. The odds ratios (ORs) of fever in patients who suffering from diabetes mellitus, hydronephrosis, staghorn stones, and blood transfusion were 4.62 (95% CI: 2.95-7.26), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.81-1.34), 2.57 (95% CI: 0.93-7.11), and 2.65 (95% CI: 1.62-4.35), respectively. Patients who underwent PCNL in prone position were more likely to develop fever (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.75-2.00) than patients in supine position.
CONCLUSION
The current study showed that patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus, hydronephrosis, staghorn stones, nephrostomy tube or double-J stent, blood transfusion, and also patients who underwent PCNL in prone position surgery are more likely to develop a postoperative fever after PCNL.
PubMed: 38680584
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.04.008 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Although the incidence of pressure injury in the prone position is high for the mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, evidence-based strategies...
BACKGROUND
Although the incidence of pressure injury in the prone position is high for the mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, evidence-based strategies are still lacking.
PROPOSE
To conduct a systematic review of current evidence, and to propose a series of strategies to prevent pressure injuries among mechanically ventilated patients with prone position in the intensive care unit.
METHODS
The study was guided by the Medical Research Council framework. After a systematic review of current evidence of original articles, guidelines, expert consensus and theories, a strategy draft was developed. Then we invited 20 experts to modify and refine these strategies through two rounds of Delphi consensus method.
RESULTS
After two rounds of Delphi process, the importance of coefficient of variation (Cv) and Kendall's coefficient of concordance in the strategies repository were 0.067 and 0.311, respectively. And the operability of Cv and Kendall's coefficient of concordance in the strategy draft was 0.055 and 0.294, respectively. Ultimately, we established 31 strategies for including 7 themes (assess risk factors, assess skin and tissue, body position management, skin care, nutrition, preventing medical device-related pressure injuries, education and supervision). In addition, we also developed a strategy framework to clarify our strategies.
CONCLUSION
According to the Medical Research Council framework, we developed 7 themes and 31 strategies to prevention prone-position pressure injuries among the intensive care unit mechanically ventilated patients. This study was considered to improve the clinical management of pressure injuries among prone position patients in the intensive care unit settings.
PubMed: 37644983
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1131270 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023Dairy products are widely consumed in the world due to their nutritional and functional characteristics. This group of food products are consumed by all age groups due... (Review)
Review
Dairy products are widely consumed in the world due to their nutritional and functional characteristics. This group of food products are consumed by all age groups due to their health-giving properties. One of these products is cheese which has a high price compared to other dairy products. Because of this, it can be prone to fraud all over the world. Fraud in food products threatens the world's food safety and can cause serious damage to human health. There are many concerns among food authorities in the world about the fraud of food products. FDA, WHO, and the European Commission provide different legislations and definitions for fraud. The purpose of this review is to identify the most susceptible cheese type for fraud and effective methods for evaluating fraud in all types of cheeses. For this, we examined the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Mozzarella cheese had the largest share among all cheeses in terms of adulteration due to its many uses. Also, the methods used to evaluate different types of cheese frauds were PCR, Spectrometry, stable isotope, image analysis, electrophoretic, ELISA, sensors, sensory analysis, near-infrared and NMR. The methods that were most used in detecting fraud were PCR and spectrometry methods. Also, the least used method was sensory evaluation.
PubMed: 37780280
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100825 -
Cureus Dec 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning global health concern, closely associated with the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and... (Review)
Review
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning global health concern, closely associated with the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in DM patients in Saudi Arabia, a country undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes. Our multifaceted search strategy identified four high-quality studies conducted between 2003 and 2022, covering hospital and community settings. The aggregate prevalence rate of NAFLD in DM patients was notably high, ranging from 47.8% to 72.8%. However, substantial heterogeneity (I² = 90.6%) was observed, indicating variability attributed to diverse study characteristics. The uniform application of ultrasound for diagnosis was noteworthy but raised concerns regarding sensitivity. This analysis underscores the urgency of public health measures for early detection and management of NAFLD in DM-prone populations in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 38283461
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51092