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Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2023Physical activity and exercise therapy appear safe and beneficial for people with multimorbidity and should therefore be considered in the prevention and management of... (Review)
Review
Physical activity and exercise therapy appear safe and beneficial for people with multimorbidity and should therefore be considered in the prevention and management of multimorbidity, as argued in this review. General practitioners and specialists should refer people with multimorbidity to supervised exercise therapy (2-3 times/week for 8-12 weeks, strengthening or aerobic exercise or a combination), while encouraging and educating patients to improve physical activity to improve overall health by e.g., integrating physical activity in everyday-life practices such as gardening, transportation, and house chores.
Topics: Humans; Multimorbidity; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Activities of Daily Living; Gardening
PubMed: 37897382
DOI: No ID Found -
Redox Biology Jul 2023Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the... (Review)
Review
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
Topics: Health Promotion; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Exercise; Homeostasis
PubMed: 37247469
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2023To evaluate the effect of different exercise interventions on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of different exercise interventions on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) published until May 2023 were screened in four databases. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias for quality evaluation. Stata 16.0 software was used for both a pairwise meta-analysis and a series of frequentist network meta-analyses (NMA).
RESULTS
A total of 35 RCTs and 5393 participants were included. Aerobic exercise had the most significant effect on depressive symptoms (66.2%), followed by group training (62.5%), resistance exercise (59.0%), and aerobic combined with resistance exercise (57.9%). Furthermore, children and adolescents younger than 15 years showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms (SMD=-0.41, 95% CI (-0.63, -0.19), P < 0.01). The study also found a significant improvement in depression among healthy, obesity, and depressed populations (SMD=-0.25, 95% CI (-0.41, -0.08), P < 0.01); SMD=-0.15, 95% CI (-0.31, -0.00), P < 0.01; SMD=-0.75, 95% CI (-1.32, -0.19), P < 0.01). Additionally, 30 min of exercise had a significant effect (SMD=-0.14, 95% CI (-0,81, -0.01), P < 0.01), and 40-50 min of exercise had the best effect (SMD=-0.17, 95% CI (-0,33, -0.02), P < 0.01). Lastly, exercise frequency of three times per week was significant in children and adolescents (SMD=-0.42, 95% CI (-0,66, -0.18), P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Exercise significantly improves depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, with aerobic exercise having the most significant effect. A 12-week, three-times-a-week, 40-50-minute exercise intervention was found to be more effective in younger children and adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Network Meta-Analysis; Depression; Exercise; Health Services; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 37794338
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16824-z -
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and... Dec 2023Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience gains in fitness, physical and mental health from regular participation in exercise and physical activity. Due to... (Review)
Review
Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience gains in fitness, physical and mental health from regular participation in exercise and physical activity. Due to changes in physiological function of the cardiovascular, nervous, and muscular systems, general population physical activity guidelines and traditional exercise prescription methods are not appropriate for the SCI population. Exercise guidelines specific to persons with SCI recommend progressive training beginning at 20 min of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise twice per week transitioning to 30 min three times per week, with strength training of the major muscle groups two times per week. These population-specific guidelines were designed considering the substantial barriers to physical activity for persons with SCI and can be used to frame an individual exercise prescription. Rating of perceived exertion (i.e., perceptually regulated exercise) is a practical way to indicate moderate to vigorous intensity exercise in community settings. Adapted exercise modes include arm cycle ergometry, hybrid arm-leg cycling, and recumbent elliptical equipment. Body weight-supported treadmill training and other rehabilitation modalities may improve some aspects of health and fitness for people with SCI if completed at sufficient intensity. Disability-specific community programs offer beneficial opportunities for persons with SCI to experience quality exercise opportunities but are not universally available.
Topics: Humans; Exercise Therapy; Spinal Cord Injuries; Exercise; Cardiovascular System; Resistance Training
PubMed: 37816259
DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0227 -
JAMA Network Open Feb 2024Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Prehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is highly important.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Tai Chi vs aerobic exercise in patients with prehypertension.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 25, 2019, and January 24, 2022, at 2 tertiary public hospitals in China. Participants included 342 adults aged 18 to 65 years with prehypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg.
INTERVENTIONS
Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a Tai Chi group (n = 173) or an aerobic exercise group (n = 169). Both groups performed four 60-minute supervised sessions per week for 12 months.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was SBP at 12 months obtained in the office setting. Secondary outcomes included SBP at 6 months and DBP at 6 and 12 months obtained in the office setting and 24-hour ambulatory BP at 12 months.
RESULTS
Of the 1189 patients screened, 342 (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [11.9] years; 166 men [48.5%] and 176 women [51.5%]) were randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups: 173 to Tai Chi and 169 to aerobic exercise. At 12 months, the change in office SBP was significantly different between groups by -2.40 (95% CI, -4.39 to -0.41) mm Hg (P = .02), with a mean (SD) change of -7.01 (10.12) mm Hg in the Tai Chi group vs -4.61 (8.47) mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group. The analysis of office SBP at 6 months yielded similar results (-2.31 [95% CI, -3.94 to -0.67] mm Hg; P = .006). Additionally, 24-hour ambulatory SBP (-2.16 [95% CI, -3.84 to -0.47] mm Hg; P = .01) and nighttime ambulatory SBP (-4.08 [95% CI, -6.59 to -1.57] mm Hg; P = .002) were significantly reduced in the Tai Chi group compared with the aerobic exercise group.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this study including patients with prehypertension, a 12-month Tai Chi intervention was more effective than aerobic exercise in reducing SBP. These findings suggest that Tai Chi may help promote the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations with prehypertension.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900024368.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Prehypertension; Prospective Studies; Tai Ji; Adolescent; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38335001
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54937 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Sep 2023To evaluate the efficacy of strength exercise or aerobic exercise compared to usual care on knee-related quality of life (QoL) and knee function at 4 months and 1 year... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The efficacy of strength or aerobic exercise on quality of life and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A multi-arm randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of strength exercise or aerobic exercise compared to usual care on knee-related quality of life (QoL) and knee function at 4 months and 1 year in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
A three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared 12 weeks of strength exercise or aerobic exercise (stationary cycling) to usual care supervised by physiotherapists in primary care. We recruited 168 participants aged 35-70 years with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The primary outcome was The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QoL at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were self-reported function, pain, and self-efficacy, muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO) at 4 months and 1 year.
RESULTS
There were no differences between strength exercise and usual care on KOOS QoL (6.5, 95% CI -0.9 to 14), or for aerobic exercise and usual care (5.0, 95% CI -2.7 to 12.8), at 1 year. The two exercise groups showed better quadriceps muscle strength, and VO at 4 months, compared to usual care.
CONCLUSION
This trial found no statistically significant effects of two exercise programs compared to usual care on KOOS QoL at 1 year in individuals with symptomatic and radiographic knee osteoarthritis, but an underpowered sample size may explain lack of efficacy between the intervention groups and the usual care group.
GOV IDENTIFIER
NCT01682980.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Follow-Up Studies; Knee Joint; Exercise; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37684597
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06831-x -
Journal of Sport and Health Science May 2024
Topics: Humans; Exercise
PubMed: 38278352
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.007 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Upregulation of neuroplasticity might help maximize stroke recovery. One intervention that appears worthy of investigation is aerobic exercise. This study aimed to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Upregulation of neuroplasticity might help maximize stroke recovery. One intervention that appears worthy of investigation is aerobic exercise. This study aimed to determine whether a single bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise can enhance neuroplasticity in people with stroke. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 20-min moderate intensity exercise intervention or remained sedentary (control). Transcranial magnetic stimulation measured corticospinal excitability of the contralesional hemisphere by recording motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) was used to repetitively activate synapses in the contralesional primary motor cortex, initiating the early stages of neuroplasticity and increasing excitability. It was surmised that if exercise increased neuroplasticity, there would be a greater facilitation of MEPs following iTBS. Thirty-three people with stroke participated in this study (aged 63.87 ± 10.30 years, 20 male, 6.13 ± 4.33 years since stroke). There was an interaction between Time*Group on MEP amplitudes (P = 0.009). Participants allocated to aerobic exercise had a stronger increase in MEP amplitude following iTBS. A non-significant trend indicated time since stroke might moderate this interaction (P = 0.055). Exploratory analysis suggested participants who were 2-7.5 years post stroke had a strong MEP facilitation following iTBS (P < 0.001). There was no effect of age, sex, resting motor threshold, self-reported physical activity levels, lesion volume or weighted lesion load (all P > 0.208). Moderate intensity cycling may enhance neuroplasticity in people with stroke. This therapy adjuvant could provide opportunities to maximize stroke recovery.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Bicycling; Exercise; Gastropoda; Neuronal Plasticity; Stroke
PubMed: 37660093
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40902-2 -
International Journal of Sports... Dec 2023Exercise with blood-flow restriction (BFR) is being increasingly used by practitioners working with athletic and clinical populations alike. Most early research combined...
BACKGROUND
Exercise with blood-flow restriction (BFR) is being increasingly used by practitioners working with athletic and clinical populations alike. Most early research combined BFR with low-load resistance training and consistently reported increased muscle size and strength without requiring the heavier loads that are traditionally used for unrestricted resistance training. However, this field has evolved with several different active and passive BFR methods emerging in recent research.
PURPOSE
This commentary aims to synthesize the evolving BFR methods for cohorts ranging from healthy athletes to clinical or load-compromised populations. In addition, real-world considerations for practitioners are highlighted, along with areas requiring further research.
CONCLUSIONS
The BFR literature now incorporates several active and passive methods, reflecting a growing implementation of BFR in sport and allied health fields. In addition to low-load resistance training, BFR is being combined with high-load resistance exercise, aerobic and anaerobic energy systems training of varying intensities, and sport-specific activities. BFR is also being applied passively in the absence of physical activity during periods of muscle disuse or rehabilitation or prior to exercise as a preconditioning or performance-enhancement technique. These various methods have been reported to improve muscular development; cardiorespiratory fitness; functional capacities; tendon, bone, and vascular adaptations; and physical and sport-specific performance and to reduce pain sensations. However, in emerging BFR fields, many unanswered questions remain to refine best practice.
Topics: Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Regional Blood Flow; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training; Exercise
PubMed: 37777193
DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0135